高考英语一轮总复习优化课件(四川专用)阅读教程Module1(外研版).ppt

1、Module 1The Way We Tick选修选修 阅读教程阅读教程考点串讲考点串讲 讲练互动讲练互动主旨大意类阅读主旨大意类阅读主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力握文章主旨大意的能力.一般针对某一语段或一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题.这类题目这类题目考查的范围是考查的范围是:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等.它它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用要求考生在理解全

2、文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对对文章进行高度概括或总结文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题属于高层次题.一、题型特点一、题型特点1.概括文章大意概括文章大意;2.选出最佳题目选出最佳题目(标题标题);3.概括人物特点概括人物特点.做这类题时常用略读法做这类题时常用略读法.快速阅读文章找出各快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句个段落的主题句.把各个段落的主题句联系起把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排来着眼于全文结构安排,了解文章的重心了解文章的重心,就能就能概括出文章的中心概括出文章的中心.文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达

3、形式文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式,选选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文,不能太大也不能太大也不能太小不能太小.命题者在出这类题时命题者在出这类题时,常常利用生活常常利用生活常识编造干扰项常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨把文中的细节当主旨,利用局利用局部信息编造干扰项部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度的理解程度,考生要特别留意考生要特别留意.二、解题技巧二、解题技巧1.标题类标题类标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式.

4、在阅在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想概括出段落的中心思想,而且还要对概括出的而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼中心思想加以提炼,拟定出段落的标题拟定出段落的标题.在测试在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题中能够迅速而准确地选择标题.文章标题可以是单词文章标题可以是单词,短语短语,也可以是句子也可以是句子.标题标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章讨论的中心抓住文章讨论的中心,把握作者的观点和意图把握作者的观点和意图.它的特点是它的特点是:短小精悍短小精悍,多为一短语多为一短语;涵

5、盖性强涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当其确定的范围要恰当,既既不能太大不能太大,也不能太小也不能太小;精确性强精确性强,不能随意改变不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩语言表意的程度及色彩.2.大意类大意类 解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句,把握文章把握文章主旨主旨.通常情况下主题句在文中的位置通常情况下主题句在文中的位置:说明文说明文议论文议论文记叙文记叙文在开头在开头(较常见较常见)在结尾在结尾(较少见较少见)在中间在中间中心贯穿全中心贯穿全文文(较常见较常见)概括主旨的方法是概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看先看首尾或各段开

6、头再看全文找主题句全文找主题句,若无明显主题句若无明显主题句,就通过关键词就通过关键词句来概括句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词反映人物特点的形容词).文中出现两种或两种文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的体现全文中心的.此时此时,要注意一些转折词要注意一些转折词,如如but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contr

7、ary等等.当文章中表示相反的观点时当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往往往用到这些词用到这些词.答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意准确归纳主旨大意.(2011年高考四川卷年高考四川卷)In business,theres a speed difference:Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争竞争的的)strategy(策略策略)and how fast the company

8、actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses,the companies that chose to go,go,go to try to gain_an_edge ended

9、up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were onthe right track.Whats more,the firms that“slowed down to speed up”improved their top and bottom lines,averaging 40%higher sales and 52%higher operating incomes over a threeyear period.How did the

10、y disobey the laws of business physics,taking more time than competitors yet performing better?They thought differently about what“slower”and“faster”mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed(moving quickly)and strategic speed(reducing the time it takes to deliv

11、er value)Simply increasing the speed of production,for example,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time,in the form of lowerquality products and services.In our study,higherperforming companies with strategic speed always made changes when

12、necessary.They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast(相比而言相比而言),performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time,paid too much attention to improving efficiency,stuck to tested methods,didnt dev

13、elop team spirit among their employees,and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right,rather than plough ahead full bore,are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come f

14、rom the top.60.Which could be the best title for the text?AImprove quality?Serve better!BDeliver value?Plough ahead!CReduce time?Move faster!DNeed speed?Slow down!【解析解析】本文主要阐述了在商业竞争中并本文主要阐述了在商业竞争中并不是速度越快越好不是速度越快越好,相反那些速度慢的公司会相反那些速度慢的公司会根据情况实时调整战略往往会取得竞争的优根据情况实时调整战略往往会取得竞争的优势势.故故D项项“我们真的需要速度吗我们真的需要速度

15、吗?慢点吧！慢点吧！”符合题意符合题意.【答案答案】D跟踪训练跟踪训练Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities.Of course,there have always been people who have looked for adventurethose who have climbed the highest mountains,travelled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small b

16、oats across the greatest oceans.Now,however,there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky(冒险的冒险的)activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping(蹦极跳蹦极跳)to be a good example of such an activity.You jump from a high place with a rubber ro

17、pe tied to your ankles.You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground.It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping.Other activities which most people would say are risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall bu

18、ildings and diving into the sea from the top of the high cliffs(悬崖悬崖)Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists(心理学家心理学家)suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.According to many people,life offers little excitement.They live and wor

19、k in comparatively(相对地相对地)safe conditions;they buy food in shops;and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.【解题导语解题导语】本文以蹦极跳为例说明了当本文以蹦极跳为例说明了当代社会人们喜欢寻求刺激的这种现象并解释代社会人们喜欢寻求刺激的这

20、种现象并解释了人们为什么会有这种心态了人们为什么会有这种心态.1.The best title for the passage is_.A.Dangerous sports:What and WhyB.The Boredom(无聊无聊)of Modern lifeC.Bungee Jumping:Is It Really DangerousD.The Need for Excitement解析解析:选选A.全文列举了一些常见的有刺激性的全文列举了一些常见的有刺激性的活动活动,而后又解释了人们为什么会寻求刺激而后又解释了人们为什么会寻求刺激,所所以选以选A最为贴切最为贴切.2.In bungee

21、 jumping,you _A.jump as high as you can B.move down a rope to the ground C.tie yourself to a rope and fall to the groundD.fall towards the ground without a rope解析解析:选选C.文章第二段详细地讲了蹦极的全过文章第二段详细地讲了蹦极的全过程程,先用绳子系住脚踝先用绳子系住脚踝,然后从高空往下跳然后从高空往下跳.3.People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because

22、_A.they have a lot of free timeB.they can go to hospital if they are injuredC.their life is short of excitementD.they can buy food in shops and no longer need to hunt for food解析解析:选选C.心理学家对产生这种现象的原因的心理学家对产生这种现象的原因的解释是人类生活相对稳定、乏味解释是人类生活相对稳定、乏味,缺少刺激缺少刺激,才才促使人们去参加危险的活动促使人们去参加危险的活动.本部分内容讲解结束本部分内容讲解结束按按ESC键退出全屏播放键退出全屏播放