高考英语-第十单元重点词汇复习-新课标-人教版课件.ppt

1、 高考英语重点高考英语重点词汇复习第十单元词汇复习第十单元1.pain1.pain的基本含义及相关词汇比较的基本含义及相关词汇比较：A.A.名词名词:1.)1.)疼痛：疼痛：作为伤害、疾病或感情的混乱的结果以各种不作为伤害、疾病或感情的混乱的结果以各种不同严重程度出现的令人不快的情感同严重程度出现的令人不快的情感He He had a pain inhad a pain in his head.his head.他头疼。他头疼。He has pains/a pain/pain He has pains/a pain/pain inin the shoulders.the shoulders.他

2、两肩痛疼。他两肩痛疼。Has the pain passed off yet?Has the pain passed off yet?不痛了吧不痛了吧?Shes Shes a real paina real pain.(.(引申义引申义)His bad behaviourHis bad behaviour caused his parents a great caused his parents a great deal of paindeal of pain.他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。2.)2.)辛苦，努力辛苦，努力：极大的关注或努力：极大的关注

3、或努力(常用复数形式常用复数形式)take pains withtake pains with ones work.ones work.努力工作努力工作No pains,no gains.;No gains without No pains,no gains.;No gains without pains.(pains.(谚谚)不劳则无获。不劳则无获。We must give him something for his pains.We must give him something for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。The y

4、oung couple The young couple took great pains to keeptook great pains to keep their plan secret.their plan secret.重要词组重要词组:1.)sb 1.)sb havehave/feelfeel(a sharp)pain (a sharp)pain in in+身体部位身体部位2.)sb 2.)sb take pains withtake pains with sth/sth/to doto do sth sth=sb=sb be at pains to dobe at pains t

5、o do sth sth=sb=sb_ to do sth_ to do sth=sb=sb _(great)_ to do sth _(great)_ to do sthB.B.动词动词:使（身体一部分）痛；伤害使（身体一部分）痛；伤害;使（精神）痛苦；使（精神）痛苦；使某人心痛使某人心痛My tooth My tooth is painingis paining.我牙痛。我牙痛。spare no efforts/no expensespare no efforts/no expense take trouble take troubleYour laziness Your laziness

6、 pains your parentspains your parents.你的懒惰使你的父母痛苦。你的懒惰使你的父母痛苦。After they had quarrelledAfter they had quarrelled there was there was a pained a pained silencesilence between them.between them.Everybodys pained to seeEverybodys pained to see such wastefulness.such wastefulness.比较词汇比较词汇：1.)1.)acheache

7、(vi,n)(vi,n)疼痛疼痛I ache all over.I ache all over.我浑身疼痛。我浑身疼痛。Her head ached all night.Her head ached all night.她的头整夜都疼。她的头整夜都疼。a stomach achea stomach ache2.)2.)hurthurt(v,n)(v,n)伤害，受伤：伤害，受伤：a.a.引起肉体的伤害或疼痛引起肉体的伤害或疼痛；损害；损害b.b.引起精神或感情上的痛苦引起精神或感情上的痛苦；使忧伤；使忧伤My leg hurts.My leg hurts.我的腿受伤了。我的腿受伤了。My sho

8、ulders hurt.My shoulders hurt.我的两肩有点痛。我的两肩有点痛。I hurt it playing football.I hurt it playing football.我踢足球伤着它的。我踢足球伤着它的。Many people Many people were hurtwere hurt when the a bus and when the a bus and a truck collided.a truck collided.“一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞,许多人受了伤。许多人受了伤。”Shes hurtShes hurt becau

9、se you havent visited her.because you havent visited her.她很伤心，因为你没有去看她。她很伤心，因为你没有去看她。I was very much hurt I was very much hurt atat his words.his words.他的话伤透了我的心。他的话伤透了我的心。Youll Youll hurt her feelingshurt her feelings if you forget her if you forget her birthday.“birthday.“如果你忘了她的生日如果你忘了她的生日,那会伤她感情

10、的。那会伤她感情的。It wont hurt you to missIt wont hurt you to miss breakfast for once.breakfast for once.(喻喻)少吃一顿早饭不会对你有害的。少吃一顿早饭不会对你有害的。It wont hurt to postponeIt wont hurt to postpone the matter for a few the matter for a fewdays.days.把此事搁置几天并无妨碍。把此事搁置几天并无妨碍。hurthurt构成的句式构成的句式:1.)sth(1.)sth(某人的身体部位某人的身体部位

11、)hurthurt.2.)sb 2.)sb hurt ones+hurt ones+身体部位身体部位3.)sb/sth 3.)sb/sth hurt sb/sbshurt sb/sbs feeling feeling.*4.)4.)it wont hurt/wouldnt hurt(sbit wont hurt/wouldnt hurt(sb)to do)to do sth sth做某事不会做某事不会(对某人对某人)有坏处有坏处 /做某事无妨做某事无妨/无大碍无大碍3.)3.)injureinjure(vt):(vt):伤害伤害;使使受伤受伤There were two people inju

12、red in the car There were two people injured in the car accident.accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。有两个人在车祸中受了伤。She She was injured badlywas injured badly in an accident during in an accident duringthe work.the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。injure injure 可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响面影响:injure

13、a mans prideinjure a mans pride 伤某人的自尊心伤某人的自尊心4.)4.)woundwound:使某人受伤使某人受伤,尤指受刀枪等创伤尤指受刀枪等创伤The soldier The soldier was woundedwas wounded in the arm.in the arm.这个士兵这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。的胳膊受伤了。*Wound sbWound sb in+in+身体部位身体部位2.2.includeinclude的含义及用法的含义及用法:包括：包括：作为一部分、成分或成作为一部分、成分或成员而包括员而包括;作为作为次要的、附属的次要的、附属的成分而

14、包含成分而包含I will include an amount for postage in my I will include an amount for postage in my payment.payment.我的付款将包含邮费。我的付款将包含邮费。He had included a large number of funny He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.stories in the speech.他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。The United

15、kingdom includes Northern The United kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.Ireland and Wales.联合王国包括北爱尔兰和威尔士。联合王国包括北爱尔兰和威尔士。The price of the tapes is$14.90,The price of the tapes is$14.90,which which includesincludes postage.postage.价格价格14.9014.90美元，邮资包括在内。美元，邮资包括在内。=The price of the tapes is$1

16、4.90,_=The price of the tapes is$14.90,_postage.=The price of the tapes is$14.90,postage.=The price of the tapes is$14.90,postage _.postage _.includingincluding includedincluded比较比较:containcontain 1.)1.)have sth within;hold sth.have sth within;hold sth.包含；容纳包含；容纳;以以为组成部分；包括或由为组成部分；包括或由构成：构成：表示包含或拥有（

17、某物）以作为一部分或一组分：表示包含或拥有（某物）以作为一部分或一组分：This drawer This drawer contains all the cookerscontains all the cookers we own.we own.这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。The book The book contains some amusing passagescontains some amusing passages.这本书里有一些有趣的章节。这本书里有一些有趣的章节。Polluted water Polluted water contai

18、ns contaminantscontains contaminants.被污染的水中含有放射性污染。被污染的水中含有放射性污染。比较比较:containcontain 1.)1.)have sth within;hold sth.have sth within;hold sth.包含；容纳包含；容纳;以以为组成部分；包括或由为组成部分；包括或由构成：构成：表示包含或拥有（某物）以作为一部分或一组分：表示包含或拥有（某物）以作为一部分或一组分：This drawer This drawer contains all the cookerscontains all the cookers we

19、own.we own.这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。The book The book contains some amusing passagescontains some amusing passages.这本书里有一些有趣的章节。这本书里有一些有趣的章节。Polluted water Polluted water contains contaminantscontains contaminants.被污染的水中含有放射性污染。被污染的水中含有放射性污染。Beer Beer contains alcoholcontains alcohol.啤酒含有

20、酒精。啤酒含有酒精。The speech contained some interesting ideas.The speech contained some interesting ideas.这个讲演包括一些有趣的思想。这个讲演包括一些有趣的思想。2.)2.)抑制，限制：抑制，限制：有限制地控制或持有有限制地控制或持有=I I could hardly contain my curiositycould hardly contain my curiosity.我简直无法克制我的好奇心我简直无法克制我的好奇心She couldnt She couldnt contain herselfcon

21、tain herself any longer and any longer and Finally burst into tears.Finally burst into tears.词型变化词型变化:containercontainer 容器容器(箱箱,盆盆,罐罐,壶壶,桶桶,坛子坛子),),集装箱集装箱parecompare的基本含义及用法的基本含义及用法:1.)1.)将将A A与与B B作比较作比较/对照对照当涉及考察两个相象的事物以当涉及考察两个相象的事物以辨别他们的相似或差别时辨别他们的相似或差别时，comparecompare与与withwith或或toto连用连用 ：The p

22、olice The police comparedcompared the forged signature the forged signature with/towith/to the original.the original.警察将伪造的签名与原来的作比较。警察将伪造的签名与原来的作比较。comparecompare one thing one thing with/towith/to another another2.)2.)将将A A比喻为比喻为B B；显出相同之处；显出相同之处；将将比作比作当它涉及描述不同事物相似性的活动时，当它涉及描述不同事物相似性的活动时，Compare C

23、ompare 常常用介词用介词 toto ：He He compared her tocompared her to a summer day.a summer day.他将她比为夏天。他将她比为夏天。Scientists sometimes Scientists sometimes compare the human compare the human brain tobrain to a computer.a computer.科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。Mans life Mans life is often compared tois often compare

24、d to a candle.a candle.The poet The poet compares his lover tocompares his lover to a rose in his a rose in his poems.poems.诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。3.)3.)（常与（常与withwith连用）连用）A A比得上比得上B BWalking cant Walking cant compare with flyingcompare with flying.走路比不上飞行。走路比不上飞行。Living in a town Livi

25、ng in a town cant compare withcant compare with living in living in the country in many respects.the country in many respects.在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。重要句式重要句式:1.)sb compare A 1.)sb compare A with/towith/to B B2.)sb compare 2.)sb compare A toA to B B3.)3.)comparedcompared with/to with/to

26、sb sb/sth,S+P./sth,S+P.4.)A 4.)A compare withcompare with B B=A _,_ B=A _,_ B5.)sb 5.)sb compare notescompare notes(中文中文:):)4.4.lay(laid,laid,laying)lay(laid,laid,laying)的二个基本含义及用法的二个基本含义及用法:1.)1.)放，置放，置 sbsb lay sth+lay sth+介词介词 +地点地点近义词近义词:_,_,_,_:_,_,_,_Lay Lay it onit on the table.the table.把它放在

27、桌上。把它放在桌上。Where can I Where can I lay my hands onlay my hands on a cheap a cheapcomputer?computer?我在什么地方可以买到一台便宜的计算机我在什么地方可以买到一台便宜的计算机?Dont Dont lay your coat onlay your coat on the bed.the bed.不要把你的外衣放不要把你的外衣放在床上。在床上。match equalmatch equal 交流意见交流意见 /体会体会 putput placeplace setset restrest2.)2.)摆放好摆放

28、好lay the tablelay the table摆好餐桌（摆好餐具）摆好餐桌（摆好餐具）Will you please lay the table for dinner?Will you please lay the table for dinner?请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?3.)3.)产卵，下（蛋）产卵，下（蛋）The hen The hen laid three eggslaid three eggs.母鸡下了三个蛋。母鸡下了三个蛋。重要词组重要词组:1.)sb 1.)sb lay the tablelay the table2.)sb 2.)sb lay

29、stress/emphasis onlay stress/emphasis on sth sth中文：中文：某人强调某事某人强调某事=sb=sb _ sth _ sth stressstressThe government has laid stress/emphasisThe government has laid stress/emphasison the importance of environmental on the importance of environmental conservation.conservation.3.)sb 3.)sb lay a/the foundat

30、ion oflay a/the foundation of sth sthHe laid the foundations of his success byHe laid the foundations of his success bystudy and hard work.study and hard work.他以读书和勤劳奠定了成功的基础。他以读书和勤劳奠定了成功的基础。lay the foundations of a new hospitallay the foundations of a new hospital新医院奠基新医院奠基4.)4.)lay sblay sb off of

31、f暂时解雇员工：停止雇用（工人），暂时解雇员工：停止雇用（工人），尤指暂时性的尤指暂时性的The doctor advised the managing director to The doctor advised the managing director to lay off for a couple of days.lay off for a couple of days.医生劝总经理休息几天医生劝总经理休息几天5.)sb 5.)sb lay down ones life forlay down ones life for;为为牺牲生命牺牲生命=sb=sb _ ones life for

32、._ ones life for.Lay Lay 的易混词汇的易混词汇lielieLay Lay（“放、安置或准备放、安置或准备”）和）和 lie lie（“躺下或位于躺下或位于”）两词经常被混淆。两词经常被混淆。Lay Lay 是一及物动词，能接宾语是一及物动词，能接宾语。在以在以下的例子中，下的例子中，lay lay 及它的分词形式（及它的分词形式（laidlaid，layinglaying ）在）在下列句子中的用法是正确的：下列句子中的用法是正确的：sacrificesacrificeHe He laidlaid(not lay)(not lay)the newspaper onthe

33、newspaper on the table.the table.他已把（而不是他已把（而不是 lay lay）报纸放在桌子上。报纸放在桌子上。The table The table was laidwas laid for four.for four.四个人的餐具已安排好四个人的餐具已安排好了。了。LieLie是一不及物动词，是一不及物动词，不接宾语不接宾语。在以下的例句中，。在以下的例句中，lie lie 和它的分词形式（和它的分词形式（laylay，lainlain，lyinglying ）的用法是正确的：）的用法是正确的：She often She often lieslies(not

34、 lays)(not lays)downdown after lunch.after lunch.中饭之后她通常（而不是中饭之后她通常（而不是 lays lays）躺下休息。躺下休息。Directly I Directly I laylay(not laid)(not laid)downdown,I fell asleep.,I fell asleep.我一躺倒（不是我一躺倒（不是 laid laid）就睡着了。就睡着了。The rubbish The rubbish had lainhad lain(not laid)(not laid)therethere a week.a week.垃圾

35、堆在那里已有（不是垃圾堆在那里已有（不是 laid laid）一星期了。一星期了。I I was lyingwas lying(not laying)(not laying)in bedin bed when he when he called.called.他来访时我正躺在（而不是他来访时我正躺在（而不是 laying laying）床上床上 。7.still7.still作形容词的含义及用法作形容词的含义及用法:1.)1.)不动的；停滞的；不动的；停滞的；The sea The sea waswas calm and calm and stillstill.大海风平浪静。大海风平浪静。Ke

36、ep stillKeep still while I comb your hair.while I comb your hair.我给你梳头时，请不要动。我给你梳头时，请不要动。stand stillstand still.站立不动站立不动2.)2.)静的：无声的静的：无声的;寂静的：寂静的：The street was still at night.The street was still at night.比较比较:still(adv)still(adv)的用法的用法:a.up to or at the time indicated;yet:a.up to or at the time i

37、ndicated;yet:仍旧：仍然：仍旧：仍然：到了指定的时间曾经发生的动作仍在发生到了指定的时间曾经发生的动作仍在发生;曾经存在的状态仍旧存在；曾经存在的状态仍旧存在；The report The report is stillis still unfinished;unfinished;报告仍然没有完成；报告仍然没有完成；The storm The storm will stillwill still be here tomorrow.be here tomorrow.暴风雨明天仍会在这儿暴风雨明天仍会在这儿/不会停不会停.2.)2.)静的：无声的静的：无声的;寂静的：寂静的：The s

38、treet was still at night.The street was still at night.比较比较:still(adv)still(adv)的用法的用法:a.up to or at the time indicated;yet:a.up to or at the time indicated;yet:仍旧：仍然：仍旧：仍然：到了指定的时间曾经发生的动作仍在发生到了指定的时间曾经发生的动作仍在发生;曾经存在的状态仍旧存在；曾经存在的状态仍旧存在；The report The report is stillis still unfinished;unfinished;报告仍然没

39、有完成；报告仍然没有完成；The storm The storm will stillwill still be here tomorrow.be here tomorrow.暴风雨明天仍会在这儿暴风雨明天仍会在这儿/不会停不会停.He came yesterday and he He came yesterday and he is stillis still here.here.他昨天来的，现仍在此。他昨天来的，现仍在此。My father My father still remembersstill remembers his first day at his first day at

40、school.school.我的父亲仍记得他上学的第一天。我的父亲仍记得他上学的第一天。Today the best jobs Today the best jobs are stillare still given to men.given to men.现在最好的工作还是给予男人。现在最好的工作还是给予男人。注意注意:在这一含义中在这一含义中stillstill在句中位置是在句中位置是:1.)_ 1.)_ 之后之后2.)_ 2.)_ 之前之前 放在系动词放在系动词,助动词助动词,情态动词情态动词 放在行为动词放在行为动词b.b.更；愈更；愈:用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词的比较级形式副

41、词的比较级形式=_,_,_,_=_,_,_,_That would be That would be better stillbetter still.那就更好了。那就更好了。still furtherstill further plaints.还有更多的报怨还有更多的报怨在这一用法中在这一用法中stillstill可放在比较级的可放在比较级的_或或_8.8.burnburn构成的词组构成的词组:1.)burn sth 1.)burn sth downdown将将烧为平地烧为平地,sth burn sth burn downdown 被烧为平地被烧为平地The enemy soldiers b

42、urned the whole villageThe enemy soldiers burned the whole villagedown.down.much even far by farmuch even far by far 前面前面 后面后面All the temples burned down and only ashesAll the temples burned down and only asheswere left.were left.2.)2.)burn sth upburn sth up将将耗尽耗尽 sth burn sth burn upup(某物某物)烧毁烧毁,烧尽

43、烧尽 sth burn sbsth burn sb up up 使某人生气，使某人发怒：使某人生气，使某人发怒：The spaceship The spaceship burned upburned up when it entered the when it entered theearths atmosphere.earths atmosphere.Now most oil and natural gas Now most oil and natural gas are burned upare burned up as fuel.as fuel.burn upburn up all th

44、e wood that winter.all the wood that winter.那个冬天烧完了那个冬天烧完了所有的木柴所有的木柴Their rudeness really Their rudeness really burns me up.burns me up.他们的无礼真的让我生气他们的无礼真的让我生气14.14.aidaidA.A.名词名词:帮助；援助帮助；援助,帮助者；有帮助的事物帮助者；有帮助的事物近义词近义词:_,_:_,_first aidfirst aid 急救急救An English-Chinese Dictionary is an An English-Chines

45、e Dictionary is an importantimportantaid in learningaid in learning the English.the English.一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。help help assistanceassistance重要词组重要词组:1.)1.)givegive sb sb first aidfirst aid2.)2.)with the aid ofwith the aid of sb sb/sth/sth=with the help of sb=with the help of sb/sth/s

46、th3.)3.)come to ones aidcome to ones aid=come to ones help=come to ones helpB.B.动词动词:帮助；援助帮助；援助 近义词近义词 _,_,_I aided him with money.I aided him with money.我资助了他。我资助了他。a medication that helps(or aids)the a medication that helps(or aids)the digestion;digestion;helphelp assist assista fine sense of rhyt

47、hm that a fine sense of rhythm that aided aided the student the student in learningin learning music.music.She has been aiding the professor She has been aiding the professor inin the the research/research/in carrying outin carrying out the experiment.the experiment.The Red Cross often aids flood vi

48、ctims.The Red Cross often aids flood victims.The thief helped himself _our family silverThe thief helped himself _our family silverBetween astonishment and joy,she couldntBetween astonishment and joy,she couldnthelp _(burst)into tears.help _(burst)into tears.不要忘记不要忘记helphelp这二个并非这二个并非“帮助帮助”的含义的用法的含义

49、的用法!bursting bursting to tosbAsbA aid sbBaid sbB in sth/in doing in sth/in doing sth sth=sbA _ sbB=sbA _ sbB with sth/(to)do sth with sth/(to)do sth=sbA=sbA _ _ helphelpassist sbBassist sbB in sth/in doing sth in sth/in doing sth We all We all assisted him in mendingassisted him in mending the roof.

50、the roof.我们都帮助他修理屋顶。我们都帮助他修理屋顶。A team of kitchen apprentices A team of kitchen apprentices assistedassistedthe chef in preparingthe chef in preparing the banquet.the banquet.一组厨房学徒协助厨师准备宴会。一组厨房学徒协助厨师准备宴会。15.15.repayrepay的含义及用法的含义及用法:1.)1.)偿还：报答：回报偿还：报答：回报;补偿：补偿：repay repay a debta debt.还债还债=_ a debt