法律英语-侵权法课件.ppt
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1、英国微小说大赛获奖作品Finally spoke to her,left flowers.终于跟她搭上话了,留下了一束花(在坟墓前)。Birth certificate,death certificate,one pen.出生证明,死亡证明,一支笔写完。2022-10-29法律英语1Sorry,solder,shoes sold in pairs.对不起士兵,我们的鞋子按双出售。I met my soul mate,she didnt.我遇见了我的那个她,但她没有。2022-10-29法律英语2Introduced myself to Mom again today.今天我又一次向妈妈介绍了自
2、己。(阿兹海默症)。Strangers,friends,best friends,lovers,strangers.陌生人,朋友,好朋友,爱人,陌陌生人,朋友,好朋友,爱人,陌生人。生人。2022-10-29法律英语32022-10-29法律英语4Lesson Ten Tort LawDelict/Tort What is a tort?侵权行为是民事主体违反民事义务,侵害他人合法权益,依法应当承担民事责任的行为。What is Tortious Liability?侵权责任是指民事主体因实施侵权行为而应承担的民事法律后果。2022-10-29法律英语5What are components
3、of Tort Liability?(a)illegal behavior(b)damages(c)causality(d)fault2022-10-29法律英语6What are methods of bearing tort liability?(a)cessation of infringement(b)removal of obstruction(c)elimination of danger(d)return of property(e)restoration to the original status2022-10-29法律英语7(f)compensation for losse
4、s(g)apology (h)elimination of consequencesand restoration of reputation2022-10-29法律英语8doctrine of liability fixation A.Doctrine of Liability for Wrongs Article 6,Para 1-Tort Law“行为人因过错侵害他人 民事权益,应当承担侵权责任”Burden of Proof?Plantiff-原告(受害人)负举证责任证明被告(加害人)主观上有过错.2022-10-29法律英语9doctrine of liability fixatio
5、n B.Doctrine of presumption Article 38 教育机构的 Article 58 医疗机构的【conditional】Article 75 高度危险物非法占有管理的 Article 81 动物园的过错推定责任 Article 85 坠落悬挂物的所管使人 Article 88 堆放物 2022-10-29法律英语10doctrine of liability fixation Article 90 折断林木的所管人的 Article 91 窨井管理人的Burden of proof?Defendant-被告(加害人)负举证责任证明自己主观上无过错2022-10-29
6、法律英语11doctrine of liability fixation C.Doctrine of Strict Liablity Article 41 产品生产者销售者的 Article 65 环境污染者的 Article 69 高度危险经占使者的 Article 78 动物的饲养管理者的 Burden of Proof?Defendant加害人证明行为与损害无因果关系2022-10-29法律英语122022-10-29法律英语13Part 1:Introduction damages claims要求赔偿要求赔偿most civil suits大多数民事诉讼大多数民事诉讼tort law
7、侵权法侵权法1.Automobile accidents 2022-10-29法律英语14Many circumstancesThe plaintiff in a civil suit is ordinarily entitled to try his claim before a jury which will often rely more on human than on legal considerations民事诉讼的原告通常会向陪审团提出索赔主张,这主要是出于人道的考虑而不是法律的考虑。儿童受伤儿童受伤2022-10-29法律英语15A permanent disability o
8、f loss of a limbCompensation and damages补偿费和损害赔偿金Actual loss 实际损害Intangible damage 无形损害A plaintiff can play on the human reaction of the jury原告利用陪审团的人性反应2022-10-29法律英语16American law permitsthe participation of the attorney in the plaintiffs recovery(contingent fee)美国允许律师分享原告所获得的赔偿金(胜诉酬金)Amount to 25
9、 to 33%of the verdict酬金达到法院判付金额的25-33%。2022-10-29法律英语17A tort action 侵权诉讼A lengthy proceeding诉讼程序时间长 Large expenses honoraria for experts 代价大(专家证人的酬金)A very large verdict(in excess of$100000)判决金额非常大(10万美元以上)2022-10-29法律英语182.Tort law and the law of contracts overlapAn injury party has the choice bet
10、ween a tort claim and a suit in contracts.Conversion非法占有财产非法占有财产 Personal injury人身伤害人身伤害Implied contract默示合同默示合同Personal injury人身伤害人身伤害Breach of warranty违背保证诺言违背保证诺言Recovery of intangible damage2022-10-29法律英语193.Everyone is liable for his tort act,每个人都要对其侵权行为负责,in limited form also children(however,
11、parents only when they acted as the childs agent or did not comply with their duty to supervise),在有限的情况下儿童亦然(但是,父母仅当其作为该儿童的代理人或未能按照其监护义务行事时才负此责),but not the state unless express statutory provision has abolished state immunity.但国家不在此列,除非法律明文规定取消了国家的豁免权。2022-10-29法律英语20The FTCA permits recovery of mo
12、ney damages because of a negligent or wrongful act or omission by the Federal Government or an employee of the Federal Government while the employee was acting within his/her scope of employment or office.Federal Tort claims Act(FTCA)2022-10-29法律英语214.Everyone is protected against tortious act,inclu
13、ding the embryo.每个人包括胎儿都受保护,免遭侵权行为的伤害。The heirs or next of kin may have a damage claim for the intentional or negligent death of their relative or testator(wrongful death action)继承人或近亲属可以对他们亲属或立遗嘱人因故意或疏忽侵权造成的死亡(非正常死亡之诉)提出损害赔偿要求。2022-10-29法律英语22“dram-shop acts”小酒店法令A party injured as a result of the
14、intoxication of the tortfeasor has a claim against him who contributed to the tortfeasors intoxication.作为侵权行为人醉酒之结果而受到伤害的当事人有权向造成该侵权行为人醉酒的人提出索赔请求。2022-10-29法律英语23“dram-shop acts”Dram Shop acts,enacted in the 19th century,usually impose liability for negligence on the sellers of alcoholic beverages f
15、or sales to:persons under the legal drinking age,or those who are obviously intoxicated.People who serve alcoholic beverages may be liable under state laws for damages resulting from the consumption of those beverages.drunken driving2022-10-29法律英语24Part 2:Intentional Torts故意侵权行为Battery 殴打Assault 侵犯他
16、人身体Conversion of property 非法侵占财产False imprisonment 非法拘禁Trespass to personal and real property 侵占动产、不动产Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Products liability 产品质量责任2022-10-29法律英语25Part 3:Liability for Negligence 过失侵权的责任Negligent actInjury Causality 2022-10-29法律英语26A person is negligentif he has not
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