河南专升本-常用动词和动词短语用法课件.ppt
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1、常见动词及动词短语的用法常见动词及动词短语的用法一一,动词的基本形式动词的基本形式1.第三人称单数形式第三人称单数形式2.过去式过去式3.过去分词过去分词4.现在分词现在分词二、二、形状相似的动词的误用形状相似的动词的误用这类动词的误用主要是由于其拼法相同这类动词的误用主要是由于其拼法相同或相似或相似,词根同或在不规则变化中因某些词根同或在不规则变化中因某些相似而引起相似而引起.1.lie与与lay的区别的区别lie-lay-lain-lying躺躺 lie-lied-lied-lying说谎说谎lay-laid-laid-laying放,搁放,搁2.hang(悬挂悬挂)与与hang(绞死绞死
2、,吊死吊死)的区别的区别hang-hung-hung-hanging 悬挂悬挂hang-hanged-hanged-hanging绞死绞死3.rise与与raiserise-rose-risen(vi.)raise-raised-raised(vt.)4.experience(v.&n.经历经历 n.经验经验)与与experiment(n.&v.实验实验)5.loose(松开松开,解开解开)与与lose(丢失丢失)6.insist on(坚持坚持)与与stick to(坚持坚持)7.effect(n.效果效果 v.使有效使有效)与与affect(v.影影响响),effort三三,动词与其它词因
3、词形相似而引起的误用动词与其它词因词形相似而引起的误用常见的词有常见的词有:accept-expert-except-expectadvise-advice practise-practicebath-bathe breath-breathechoose-choicepass-passed-pastsucceed-success-successful-successfully四四,常用动词的词义与搭配常用动词的词义与搭配HAVE1.have sth.done have sb.(sth.)doing have sb.do have sb.(sth.)done/doing /do 在否定句中在否定
4、句中have可表示可表示允许允许,忍受忍受,容忍容忍.e.g.Well not have you tell him what to do.(不允许不允许)They cant have that sort of thing happening.(容忍容忍)Ive never had anything said against her.(不容忍不容忍)2.表示表示有有时带不定式做定语表时带不定式做定语表将来将来,带分带分词做定语表词做定语表正在进行正在进行【比较比较】He has a lot of work to do.(带带to的不定式做定语的不定式做定语,逻辑主语是句子主语逻辑主语是句子主语,
5、to do与与work之间是动宾关系且不定式为及物动词之间是动宾关系且不定式为及物动词或相当于及物动词或相当于及物动词(vi.+介介)的主动式的主动式)Ill go to the post office;do you have a letter to be posted(post不是由句子主语执不是由句子主语执行行,故用及物或相当于及物动词的被动式故用及物或相当于及物动词的被动式)MAKE1.句型句型:make+宾语宾语,make+双宾语双宾语,make+宾语宾语+名词名词,make+宾语宾语+adj.,make+it+adj./n.+to do sth./that-clause,make s
6、b./sth.do,make sth./oneself done2.短语短语:make an apology to;make a face;make a living;make a mistake;make a speech(作演讲作演讲);make friends with;make fun of;make room for;make use of;make the best of(尽量利用尽量利用,善用善用);make preparations for;make sentences with;make repairs;make great/rapid progress;make troub
7、le(引起麻烦引起麻烦);make ones way(前进前进,行进行进);make up ones mind;make up(构成构成,弥补弥补,虚构虚构,打扮打扮);make sure/certain;make a bed(铺床铺床);make a decision;make a discovery;make a journey;make a plan for;make an effort(努力努力);make difference(区别区别);make laws(制订法律制订法律);make tea(沏茶沏茶);make a record(录制唱片录制唱片);make money;mak
8、e a choice(进行选择进行选择);make a suggestion(提建提建议议),make war(开战开战)DO注意注意do和和make:一般说来一般说来,do含有含有进行某进行某项活动项活动的意思的意思,而而make含有含有造出新东西造出新东西的意思的意思.do business(做买卖做买卖),do sb.a favour,do some/much/my cooking,do wrong,do sb.good/harm/wrong(do good to sb.)(对对有益有益/有害有害/冤枉冤枉),do the room(整整理房间理房间),do away with(取消取消
9、,废除废除),do copies(复制复制),do ones hair(做头发做头发),do ones duty,do the opposite(做相反的做相反的事事),do the deed(生效生效)GOgo upstairs,go to prison,go to sea(去航去航海海),go to the sea(去海滨去海滨),go to the cinema/movie/pictures,go shopping,be gone(人人)不在不在,走了走了;(物物)丢失丢失,用完了用完了),go hungry,go by(时间时间)过去过去;经过经过(地点地点),go down(下去下去
10、;(船等的船等的)下沉下沉),go on(时间时间)过去过去,流逝流逝(相当于相当于go by);继续继续),go out(出去出去;(灯或火的灯或火的)熄灭熄灭),go over,go on doing sth.,go on to do sth.,go on with sth.,go for a walk,go a visit to,go to collegeSUPPOSE1.表表认为认为,猜想猜想时否定时否定,疑问疑问,回答的方式回答的方式.e.g.I suppose hell trouble you again,wont he?He doesnt suppose you are righ
11、t,does he?简略答语常说简略答语常说:I suppose so/I dontsuppose so(I suppose not.)具备这种用法的词还有具备这种用法的词还有:think,imagine,believe注意注意:常说常说I hope so(not),Im afraid so(not),I fear so(not),Im sure so(not).2.作插入语作插入语 e.g.Who do you suppose telephoned me yesterday?3.接复合宾语用接复合宾语用to be做补足语做补足语,不用不用to do结结构构,但有时可用完成式或进行式但有时可用
12、完成式或进行式.e.g.I suppose him to be fifty.She was supposed to have left home/to be writing.4.be(not)supposed to do 应当应当(不应该不应该)e.g.He was supposed to arrive there an hour ago.(是否到不知道是否到不知道,表示按道理应表示按道理应该该)He should have come an hour ago.(表责表责备备,说明没有按时到说明没有按时到)比较比较:1)He is supposed to be a student.2)He is
13、 supposed to come early.5.提出建议提出建议,请求请求 Suppose we go/went for a walk=What about us going for a walk(用用went语气更语气更婉转婉转)6.假设假设Suppose/Supposing that he comes,what shall we do?CONSIDER1.consider+宾语宾语(名词名词,代词代词,从句从句,动名词动名词或不定式的疑问式或不定式的疑问式)考虑考虑2.consider+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(名词名词,形容词形容词,不定不定式式to be或或to have done)认为
14、认为3.consider it+名词或形容词名词或形容词+to do sth.4.consider as 认为,把认为,把看做看做五、常用动词的词义与搭配五、常用动词的词义与搭配CATCH1.抓住抓住 catch sb.by the arm,catch sb.by surprise(乘其不备抓住乘其不备抓住)2.钩住钩住,挂住挂住 She caught her dress on the nail.=Her dress got caught on the nail.3.染染(患患)上上;搭搭(赶赶)上上(交通工具交通工具);听听(懂懂,清清)catch a cold,catch the bus,
15、catch what you said,catch up with4.偶然偶然(突然突然)撞见撞见,发觉发觉;偶然碰上偶然碰上(风雨等风雨等),常常用被动结构用被动结构.catch sb.stealing money,be/get caught in/by the stormGIVEgive a concert,give lessons to,give a lecture,give sb.advice on,give sb.a message,give sb.a ring,give a report to sb.(向向汇报汇报),give birth to(产仔产仔),give medical
16、 care to(对对进行治疗进行治疗),give out(耗尽耗尽),give off(发出发出(光光,热等热等),give up,give away(泄露泄露),give ones life for(为为而献身而献身),give inTAKEtake pictures/photographs/photos,take a seat,take aim(瞄准瞄准),take an interest in(对对发生兴趣发生兴趣),take notes(记笔记笔记记),take notice(注意注意),take ones chance(抓住机会抓住机会),take ones leave(告告辞辞)
17、,take office,take pity on(怜悯怜悯),take steps(采取措施采取措施),take the chair(主持开主持开会会),take it easy(别着急别着急),take sides in(站站在在一边一边),take ones time(不急不急),take turns to do sth.,take ones temperature,take ones place,take for example,take charge of,take pride in,take an action(采取行动采取行动),take off,take away,take u
18、p,take hold of,take a message for,take great trouble to do sth.,take examinations,take it for granted that(认为认为当然当然),take sth.by mistake(错拿某物错拿某物)CALLcall at(some place),call on sb./call on(号召号召)sb.to do sth.,call for要求提倡邀要求提倡邀约约,call in(a doctor),call out出动唤起大声出动唤起大声叫出来叫出来,call up征召征召,call/draw one
19、s attention to(引起某人注意某事引起某人注意某事)COMEe toe.g.When I came to cooking,he showed great interest.(谈到谈到)We came to know this.(get to know=begin to know)He came to see you.(=came and saw)Finally it came to(itself).(苏醒苏醒)The book came to how to learn English.(涉及涉及)It comes to the same thing.(结果是结果是)The numb
20、er comes to 1000.(达到达到)2.其它短语其它短语:come after(跟着跟着,为找为找而来而来),come out(出来出来,(花花)开开,出版出版),come at=jump upon(扑向扑向),come up to sb.,come on/upon=come across,come down(下来下来,减减少少),come into power(上台上台),come into being(形成形成),come into use(使用起使用起来来),come true,come along(一起走一起走,快点快点)GETget out of=get away from
21、=escape(躲避躲避,逃避逃避),get along/on(well/badly)with,get on the bus,get in(进来进来),get in the crops,get in touch with,get into trouble,get into the habit of,get off=start off(离去离去,动身动身),get off the boot,get off work(下班下班),get off a good start(起了个起了个好头好头),get over the difficulties(克服困难克服困难),get over the riv
22、er,get rid of,get round=get about(传开传开),get through the work(做做完工作完工作),get through the test,get sb.through to(给某人接通电话给某人接通电话),get down on ones knees,get down=write down,get to doing sth.(开始做开始做),get down to,get back to sth.(重新做重新做,重谈重谈),get sth.back,get sb.to do sth.,get the car goingTURNturn agains
23、t,turn over,turn in,turn up,turn to sb.for help,turn doctor,turn green LOOKlook through the book(浏览浏览),look on the book(与某人同看与某人同看),look into(看里面看里面,调调查查),look up(查阅查阅,仰视仰视),look about(看四看四周周),look down upon/on,look upon/on as,look out,look over(看过一看过一遍遍),look forward toPUTput away(放好放好),put off(推迟推
24、迟),put on(穿上穿上,上演上演),put out(发行发行,熄灭熄灭),put down(放下放下,记记下下,镇压镇压),put up(张贴张贴,举起举起,建立建立),put into(送入送入,输入输入,把把翻译成翻译成),put sb.to bed(哄某人睡觉哄某人睡觉),put forward(提提出出),put ones heart into,put up with(容忍容忍,忍受忍受)六六,需注意的常用动词的习惯搭配需注意的常用动词的习惯搭配1.有些动词常跟双宾语有些动词常跟双宾语.bring,fetch,give,hand,leave,read,send,teach,off
25、er,tell,wish2.有些动词常跟复合宾语有些动词常跟复合宾语.1)跟名词作宾补的动词跟名词作宾补的动词有有:call,name,make,elect,think,find,leave2)跟不定式作宾补的动词跟不定式作宾补的动词有有:cause,force,intend,prefer,remind,hear3)跟形容词作宾补的动词有跟形容词作宾补的动词有:make,paint,cut,keep,find,prove,leave4)跟分词作宾补的动词跟分词作宾补的动词有有:hear,feel,have,make3.有些动词本身的含义有些动词本身的含义,避免添加意义重复的避免添加意义重复的词
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