Unit 1 Food Matters Grammar and usage & composition （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit1 Our living planetInversionuTo identify the use of inversion;uTo work out the rules of inversion;uTo use inversion to finish the tasks of rewriting sentences and completing an article;uTo write a journal entry using inversion.Pay attention to the following sentences and recognize what is specia

2、l about them.uUp the ladder climbed the little boy.uDown came the rain and up went the umbrella.uOutside the clinic were twenty patients.uNever before have I seen him.uNot only do I know her,but also I am here close friend.PointEvidenceHowExampleDays are actually getting longer than they were in pas

3、t.(1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_(6)_Read the article on page 6 and fill in the following table.Ancient corals Tidal records Over 400 million years ago,an Earth year was 420 days long.Calculating the number of days in a year with distinct growth patterns Examining the daily,monthly and seasonal cycles of these

4、 tidal records 620 million years ago,the day was possibly 3 hours shorter than it is today.Read the article again and find the sentences using inversion.Seldom do we doubt that Under the oceans lies the hidden evidence Here is an example.,not only do scientists conclude that We sometimes change the

5、usual subject-verb order in a statement to emphasize an idea,or to make the sentence structure more balanced.We can use the inverted order when a sentence begins with:an adverb like(1)_,there or an adverbial phrase about a location;a word with a negative meaning like never,(2)_ and hardly;a phrase l

6、ike not only.hereseldom 倒装倒装 在在英语英语中中,主语主语和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装。倒装结构主和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装。倒装结构主要用于一些要用于一些特定特定的语法结构中，使得句子更为平衡，或是用来的语法结构中，使得句子更为平衡，或是用来强调句中的某个成分。强调句中的某个成分。全部谓语置于主语之前全部谓语置于主语之前,称为称为完全倒装完全倒装;谓语的一部分谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前置于主语之前，称为，称为部分部分倒装倒装。1.完全倒装完全倒装 完全完全倒装常用于下列情况倒装常用于下列情况:(1)方位副词方位副词here、there

7、、in、out、up、down、away，时间，时间副词副词then 和和 now 等置于句首等置于句首，且且主语是名词。如主语是名词。如:Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.In came the teacher.Down came the water from the top of the mountain.注注:如果如果主语是主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。如人称代词，则不用倒装语序。如:Out they rushed.1.The national flag went up.Up went the national flag._ the litt

8、le boy from the tree,his leg broken.2.小男孩从树上掉下来，摔断了腿。小男孩从树上掉下来，摔断了腿。改写成倒装句改写成倒装句Down fell(2)表示地点的短语置于句表示地点的短语置于句首。如首。如:Beside the lake stands a tower.改成倒装句改成倒装句1.A stream with crystal-clear water runs in front of the village._2.她坐在窗边，享受着温暖的阳光。她坐在窗边，享受着温暖的阳光。Beside the window _,enjoying the warm suns

9、hine.1.In front of the village runs a stream with crystal-clear water.2.sat she (3)主系表结构中主系表结构中表语置于表语置于句首，且谓语动词是句首，且谓语动词是be动词动词。如如:Present at the conference were young scientists from around the world.Seated in a ring on the ground were some teenagers,talking and laughing.1.附在申请表上的是我的近照。附在申请表上的是我的近照

10、。_ the application form _ my recent picture.1.Attached to is2.部分部分倒装倒装 部分倒装部分倒装常用于下列情况常用于下列情况:(1)“only+状语状语”置于句首。如置于句首。如:Only by practice can we learn a language well.(2)具有具有否定意义的副词或否定意义的副词或短语，如短语，如little、never、neither、nor、hardly、seldom、at no time、under no circumstances等，置于句首。如等，置于句首。如:Little did he

11、 know that this mistake would have terrible consequences.Never have I seen such wonderful paintings.Hardly could I believe my eyes when I saw him.At no time did I feel bored during the tour.1.只有通过降低成本，公司才能保持优势。只有通过降低成本，公司才能保持优势。Only by cutting down the cost _ its advantage.2.The generation gap can b

12、e bridged only with the joint efforts of parents and children._3.We seldom go out as a result of the pandemic._.1.will the company be able to keep3.Seldom do we go out as a result of the pandemic.2.Only with the joint efforts of parents and children can the generation gap be.4.即使受到胁迫，他也只字未说。即使受到胁迫，他

13、也只字未说。Not a single word _,even when he was threatened.5.直到亲眼所见，他才相信那是真的。直到亲眼所见，他才相信那是真的。Not until he saw it with his own eyes _ it was true.6.直到老师进来，学生们才停止讲话。直到老师进来，学生们才停止讲话。Not until the teacher came in _ stop talking.4.did he say.5.did he believe6.did the students(3)“not only.but also.”连接连接并列句，并列句

14、，not only置于句置于句首首 时时，所在的分句要用倒装结构。如，所在的分句要用倒装结构。如:Not only does my mother go to work every day,but she also devotes her time to helping in the community.(4)“so.that.”结构中，结构中，“so+形容词或副词形容词或副词”置于句首置于句首。如如:So rhythmic does the poem sound that I want to recite it.So fast did he run that no one could catc

15、h up with him.1.He not only refused the gift,but also severely criticized the sender._2.那本小说是如此引人入胜，以至于她完全沉浸于其中。那本小说是如此引人入胜，以至于她完全沉浸于其中。So fascinating _ she was completely lost in it.1.Not only did he refuse the gift,but he also severely criticized the sender.2.was the novel thatRewrite the followin

16、g sentences using inversion.1.Light reaches the thick forest floor._2.Large amounts of earth and rock rolled down the mountain._3.Snow never disappears on the top of this high mountain._Seldom does light reach the thick forest floor.Down the mountain rolled large amounts of earth and rock.Never does

17、 snow disappear on the top of this high mountain.B14.Most of the deserts in China lie in the north-west._5.Different landforms not only appear on land,but they can also be found under the oceans._ _In the north-west lie most of the deserts in China.Not only do different landforms appear on land,but

18、they can also be found under the oceans.Below is another article from the science website about the changing lengths of days and years.Complete it with the correct sentences in the box below.There is one sentence you do NOT need to use.Write the letters in the blanks.B2 We know that some days just s

19、eem to be longer than others,especially when we are having a bad day.But did you know that scientists can now prove that days have actually been getting longer for many millions of years?When dinosaurs wandered across the planet,days were only about 23 hours long.(1)_ Over 400 million years ago,it t

20、ook the Earth 420 days to orbit the Sun.This was mainly because the Earth spun around its axis much faster than it does now.As predicted by some scientists,the Earths rotation will continue to slow down.(2)_a Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human bei

21、ngs.b Hardly can we imagine that a day might be 32 hours long!c Not only were days shorter,but there were more days in a year.d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.e So powerful are some earthquakes that they are believed to alter the Earths mass.cbYou may wonder how this co

22、mes about.The answer has to do with the relationship between the Earth and the Moon.It seems that the Moon is very successful at slowing the Earth down by exercising its gravitational force.As they are slowly growing further apart,the speed of the Earths rotation decreases and days continue to becom

23、e increasingly longer.Interestingly,earthquakes may also contribute to the changing length of a day.(3)_ This makes the planet spina Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human beings.d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.e So powe

24、rful are some earthquakes that they are believed to alter the Earths mass.efaster and consequently shortens the day.The 2011 earthquake in Japan,for instance,may have shortened an Earth day by 1.8 microseconds.(4)_ A longer day makes us wonder what we are going to do with this extra time.Could it me

25、an that we will be able to sleep longer or that we will have to spend more time in school?a Arising out of the changing length of a day is the question how this might affect human beings.d Only in this way can we find out why days are getting longer.a(1)How long did it take the Earth to orbit the Su

26、n over 400 million years ago?Why?(2)How do you explain that a day might be 32 hours long?Read the article again,then answer the questions.420 days.This was mainly because the Earth spun around its axis much faster than it does now.The Moon can slow the Earth down by exercising its gravitational forc

27、e.As the Moon and the Earth are slowly growing further apart,the speed of the Earths rotation decreases and days continue to become increasingly longer.(3)What is the purpose of mentioning the 2011 earthquake in Japan?To prove that earthquakes can alter the Earths mass,thus making the planet spin fa

28、ster and shortening the day.Hardly could I imagine that I would have a whole 48-hour day ahead of me!What will I do with the extra time?Seldom does this opportunity come along,so I am going to make good use of it.I will have a nice game of badminton with my best friend,and we will also have a relaxi

29、ng picnic in the quiet new park just outside the city.After an 8-hour school day,not only will we need Suppose there were 48 hours in a day in the future.Write a journal entry about how you would like to spend the day using inversion.B3the exercise,but we will also want a break from the busy city li

30、fe.My plan is to play badminton for an hour,then eat our food and enjoy nature around us for as long as we want.As night-time arrives,we will go back to the city and I am going to have a nice dinner with my parents.Later,I think I will have a 12-hour-long sleep.What a great 48-hour day!So excited am

31、 I at the plan that I do not think I will fall asleep tonight!lay down 积存；放下；停止使用积存；放下；停止使用e.g.They laid down provisions for the voyage 他们他们贮备粮食以备航行之用贮备粮食以备航行之用。Please lay down the watch gently 请请把手表轻轻放下把手表轻轻放下。He wanted to lay down his duties.他想停止履行指责。他想停止履行指责。Similarly,tidal records laid down in a

32、ncient river mouths also reveal different lengths of days and years in the past.同样地，积存于古河口的潮汐记录也揭示了过去不同的日和年长。同样地，积存于古河口的潮汐记录也揭示了过去不同的日和年长。含有含有lay的短语：的短语：lay off 裁员，解雇；停止裁员，解雇；停止（干某事（干某事）。）。lay out 设计设计（楼房、城市、花园等），布局，（楼房、城市、花园等），布局，编排；编排；花费花费，使用；铺开使用；铺开，摆开，摆开，展开。展开。lay up 储存；放置不用；使病倒储存；放置不用；使病倒。【语境应用

33、语境应用】选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。1)I was _ for six weeks with a very serious illness.2)Ive had to _ almost a hundred pounds this year on repairing my house.3)Millions of people have been _ in the steel industry.4)I think youd better _ alcohol for a while.laid uplay outlay offlay off1.Review the grammar of inversion.2.Polish up your journal entry.