高考英语 考前重要知识精析与归纳(共96张PPT).pptx

1、高考英语复习备考 山川异域， 风月同天。 岂曰无衣， 与子同裳。 青山一道同风雨， 明月何曾是故乡 指向核心素养，注重思维品质指向核心素养，注重思维品质 关注顶层设计，重塑高考理念关注顶层设计，重塑高考理念 依据课程标准，高效复习备考依据课程标准，高效复习备考 -20202020备考教学建议备考教学建议 一高考命题特定及趋势一高考命题特定及趋势 一解读基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径一解读基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径 2019.62019.6 国务院办公厅关于新时代推进普通高中育人方式改革的指导意见国务院办公厅关于新时代推进普通高中育人方式改革的指导意见 2019.

2、12 2019.12 基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施途径基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施途径 未来高考英语科命题与评价的纲领性文件，命题指南和复习指针。未来高考英语科命题与评价的纲领性文件，命题指南和复习指针。 “实施普通高中新课程的省份不再制定考试大纲”“实施普通高中新课程的省份不再制定考试大纲” 背景： 基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径 顶层顶层 设计设计 高考高考 理念理念 Part 01 高考英语科考察载体 高考英语科内容改革的基础 高考英语科的功能定位 高考英语科考察内容 高考英语科考察要求 一核一核 高考评价

3、体系 英语课程标准 四翼四翼 学科核心素养学科核心素养 英语课程内容英语课程内容 学业质量标准学业质量标准 高考命题建议高考命题建议 高考高考 英语英语 科科 内容内容 改革改革 的的 基础基础 评价理念评价理念 教育功能教育功能 评价模式评价模式 高中英语学业质量水平二高中英语学业质量水平二 坚持立德树人坚持立德树人 服务人才选拔服务人才选拔 发挥导向作用发挥导向作用 “强基计划”：“强基计划”：1 1月月1515日教育部制定出台了关于在部分高校开展基础学科招生改革试点工作的意日教育部制定出台了关于在部分高校开展基础学科招生改革试点工作的意 见见 招招 考考 学学 教教 积极探索多维度考核评

4、价模式，逐步建立积极探索多维度考核评价模式，逐步建立基础学科基础学科拔尖拔尖创新人才创新人才选拔培养的有效机制。选拔培养的有效机制。 一核 高考高考 英语英语 科科 的的 功能功能 定位定位 开放意识 合作精神 独立思考 自主学习 思辨能力 交际能力 基础知识 应用能力 综合素质 创新潜力 落实课程标准要求 助力发展素质教育 高考高考 英语英语 科科 考察考察 内容内容 四维四维 语言知识语言知识: :语音、词汇、语法、语用、语篇语音、词汇、语法、语用、语篇 文化知识文化知识 中国情怀中国情怀 国际视野国际视野 学科素养学科素养 关键能力关键能力 必备知识必备知识 听力理解听力理解 书面表达书

5、面表达 阅读理解阅读理解 口语表达口语表达 核心价值核心价值 交际素养交际素养 思辨素养思辨素养 学习素养学习素养 价值引领 素养导向 能力为重 知识为基 学科素养：学科素养：在面对生活实践或学习探索情境时， 在正确的思想价值观念指导下， 合理运用科学的思维方式与方法， 有效地整合学科知识，运用学科能力， 高质量地认知问题，分析问题，解决问题。 核心价值：正确的思想观念和健康的情感态度，是学科共性。 在相对熟悉或不熟悉的主 题语境中，使用英语与来 自不同文化背景的人进行 书面和口头交流并达到交 际目的的意识和能力。 在相对简单或较为复杂的 主题语境中，运用多种策 略学习英语，并使用英语 学习新

6、知识、新技能、新 思维方法等的意识和能力。 在使用英语进行交际或学 习时，独立思考与判断， 运用科学的思维方式发现 问题、分析问题并解决问 题的意识和能力。 学习素养学习素养 交际素养交际素养 思辨素养思辨素养 是运用学习策略、 拓宽英语学习渠道、 努力提升英语学习 效率的意识和能力。 是学生通过英语 学科的学习而得 到的心智发展。 是指在社会情境中 以听、说、读、看、 写等方式理解和表 达意义、意图和情 感态度的能力。 是指对中外文化的 理解和对优秀文化 的认同，文化意识、 人文修养和行为取 向。 学习能力学习能力 思维品质思维品质 文化品格文化品格 语言能力语言能力 核心核心 素养素养 学

7、科学科 素养素养 “素质冰山理论” 美国著名心理学家麦克利兰：“素质冰山模型”美国著名心理学家麦克利兰：“素质冰山模型” It comes easily to meIt comes easily to me. I know.I know. I canI can Its important to meIts important to me. Its meIts me. I enjoy it.I enjoy it. 一一程晓堂如何测评英语学科核心素养程晓堂如何测评英语学科核心素养 1. 在测评内容与要求方面，切实体现对英语学科核心素养的测评； 2. 使用的语言素材尽量选取相对真实、完整的语篇； 3

8、. 测评方式应该尽可能灵活多样。 考察考察 内容内容 考察考察 要求要求 考察考察 载体载体 高考高考 英语英语 科科 考察考察 载体载体 人与自我人与自我 人与社会人与社会 人与自然人与自然 生活与学习 做人与做事 社会服务与人际沟通 文学艺术与体育 历史社会与文化 科学与技术 自然生态 环境保护 灾害防范 宇宙探索 基础性基础性 综合性综合性 应用性应用性 创新性创新性 高考高考 英语英语 科科 考察考察 要求要求 四项四项 原则原则 引导跨文化交际，培养创新意识 情境创设真实，解决现实问题。 基于试题情境 整合所学知识 必备知识 关键能力 高考命题特点高考命题特点 及趋势分析及趋势分析

9、近年近年 命题命题 趋势趋势 Part 02 理解说话人的目的。理解说话人的目的。 推断推断 获取具体信息获取具体信息。 理解主旨要义。理解主旨要义。 理解说话人的观点和态度。理解说话人的观点和态度。 交际交际 素养素养 思辨思辨 素养素养 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 获取具体的、事实性信息。获取具体的、事实性信息。 对所听内容作出推断。对所听内容作出推断。 理解主旨要义理解主旨要义。 理解说话者的意图、观点和态度理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。 对话语发生的场合、说话人之间的关系 以及事件或活动的原因、过程、结果等进行推断。 理解性技能：听力理解理解性技能：听力理解 Text9 M: We

10、 all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems too hard to leave the sofa. W: I can see that. You seldom do exercise. M: Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours of exercise a week doesnt really help our motivation much. W: Dont be discouraged. Now, a new study sug

11、gests getting benefits from exercise doesnt have to be that demanding. Jacob Sattelmair, from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks. M: Mm, interesting. W: The study showed that people who put in 300 minutes a week of exercise had a 2

12、0% lower risk of death due to heart disease. Still, the people who exercised 150 minutes a week did pretty well too, lowering their death risk by 14%. M: And what about the people who exercise half as much as that like what I probably do. Does that help? W: Of course. Even 15 minutes would help. Why

13、 does the woman speak of a study? A. To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise. C. To support her findings. 典题示例：典题示例： 理解说话人目的理解说话人目的 根据语篇成分之间的语义逻辑联系语义逻辑联系， 推断其意图。 2018 Text 5 W: Hi, Andy, I didnt see you in Professor Smiths class yesterday. What happened? M: Well, I had a headache. So I cal

14、led him and asked for sick leave. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. Text8 W: Hi, Mike! M: Hi, Alice! Nice to see you. You dont often come here. W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here fo

15、r a change today. M: The environment here is good, clean and relatively quiet. W: Yeah. And I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening? M: Yes. Are you? W: Yeah! Catherine was supposed to go with me. But she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know

16、 anyone who might like to go? M: No, but if you like, I can ask around. Er. Joan might want to go. W: Oh, yes, shes a great fan of classical music. Ill give her a ring after lunch. 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant 典题示例：推断说话场合，人物关系典题

17、示例：推断说话场合，人物关系 2019Text 1 W: Excuse me, sir. Visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest. M: Oh, Im sorry, doctor. I didnt hear the bell or I would have left earlier. 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. Text4 M: Hello, my nam

18、e is John Arber, and Im calling to ask about the position advertised in Fridays daily mail. W: Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 典题示例：推断说话场合，人物关系典题示例：推断说话场合，人物关系

19、注意注意对话人的对话人的 GreetingGreeting；与与人物身份人物身份、说话场景说话场景相关的词汇。相关的词汇。 2019 Text 2 M: Hello, my name is Jack. I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes? W: Well need you to join the gym, and then you can find out which classes fit your schedule the best. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fit

20、ness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 2018 Text1 W: James, youve been watching TV for the whole evening. Whats on? M: Its a science programme on the origin of the universe. Ill give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV

21、 program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 典题示例：推断典题示例：推断 注重熟悉注重熟悉话题词汇话题词汇的积累：如的积累：如学校生活，体育健康等 2019 Text 10 W: Here is a piece of news for bird lovers. Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white. They hope to discourage the seabirds from wandering onto the highway. The area is home

22、 to large crowds of birds that come to stay for the season. Young birds are often attracted to the warm road surface and get killed by the traffic. Biologist student Hannah tells the broadcaster, “The youngsters feathers are brown in color. The dark-colored road surface makes the youngsters hard to

23、be noticed. As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads.” Biologist Christan says the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multicolored road this summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country. 18. What did the scientists do to

24、the road? A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it. 20. What is the purpose of the scientists experiment? A. To keep the birds there for a whole year. B. To help students study the birds well. C. To prevent the birds from being killed. 典题示例：理解主旨大意典题示例：理解主旨大意 新闻类语篇的信息布局（沙漏形）：新闻类语篇的

25、信息布局（沙漏形）： 开篇言明主旨大意开篇言明主旨大意，下文提供细节。下文提供细节。 2018 Text10 Thank you very much. Thank you Dr. Johnson. .The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important. When I came to the U.S., I was only thinking about being a carpenter. But I could not read the newspaper and I could not unders

26、tand the news on television or movies or anything like this, so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math cl

27、asses, business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student. And today when I look back, Im so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money, because I was really good at math. You know, how to work out everything with math is

28、 so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. How education shaped his life. B. How his language skills improved. C. How he managed his business well. 典题示例：理解主旨大意典题示例：理解主旨大意 叙事类语篇的信息组织方式： 叙事

29、线索（time marker） 2018 Text2 M: Hello, do you have the Best of Mozart? W: Um. sorry. Weve just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, well call you when the CD arrives. What can we say about the woman? A. Shes generous. B. Shes curious. C. Shes helpful. 典题示例：理解说话人的观点态度典题示例

30、：理解说话人的观点态度 依据说话人的依据说话人的身份身份，选用的选用的词汇、语法结构词汇、语法结构推断其态度。推断其态度。 近三年听力理解考察微技能比较近三年听力理解考察微技能比较 微技能微技能 年度年度 获取具体信息获取具体信息 理解主旨要义理解主旨要义 推断推断 理解说话人的观点和态度理解说话人的观点和态度 理解说话人的目的理解说话人的目的 20192019 8 8 1 1 6 6 2 2 1 1 20182018 1111 1 1 6 6 2 2 20172017 1313 2 2 4 4 1 1 应对策略应对策略 课程内容课程内容 真题分析考查内容真题分析考查内容 主题语境主题语境 人

31、与自我人与自我 人与社会人与社会 人与自然人与自然 1.个人情况 2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 3. 周围的环境 4. 日常活动 5. 学校生活 6. 兴趣 与爱好 7. 个人感情8. 人际关系 9. 计划与愿望10. 节假日活动 11. 购物 12. 饮 食13. 健康 14. 天气 15. 文娱与体育16. 旅游和交通17. 语言学习18. 自然19. 世界与环 境 20. 科普知识与现代技术 21. 热点话题 22. 历史与地理23. 社会24. 文学与艺术 语篇类型语篇类型 对话、访谈、介绍、演讲、新闻报道 语言知识语言知识 词汇知识词汇知识 give a presentation、 e

32、cology、 major in、 get in shape、 register for、 fitness classes、 ambiguous、discourage sb from doing sth invaluable 、demanding 、 lower 、 multicolored 语法知识语法知识 1. But life must be pretty tough for his family now. 2. As a result, Ive always kept .，all of which have been an invaluable help to me in radio

33、and television reporting. 3. As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads.4. I didnt hear the bell or I would have left earlier. 语音手段语音手段 重读、弱读、同化、语调 语篇知识语篇知识 利用语篇结构和语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系正确推断 语用知识语用知识 依据交际场合，正确理解说话者意图观点和态度 文化知识文化知识 M: Hello, do you have the Best of Mozart?

34、W: Um. sorry. Weve just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, well call you when the CD arrives. 学习策略学习策略 在听的过程中，借助情境和上下文进行推断； 根据说话人的语调或用词，推断其态度和意图。 近三年命题特点近三年命题特点 0101 语篇体裁多样，体现对功能性读写能力（functional literacy）的考查。 0202 选材主题语境鲜明，富含正能量，体现育人价值。 0303 设题以事实细节和推断为主，兼顾主旨要义、观点态度、

35、文章结构等。突出了对 批判性思维等思维品质的考查。 近三年阅读理解考查微技能比较近三年阅读理解考查微技能比较 年份年份 题型题型 理解文章结构、理解文章结构、 类型类型 理解主旨要理解主旨要 义义 获取具体信获取具体信 息息 推断推断 理解说话人的理解说话人的 观点和态度观点和态度 理解说话人理解说话人 的目的的目的 理解词汇理解词汇 20192019 1 1 1 1 7 7 4 4 1 1 1 1 20182018 2 2 8 8 3 3 1 1 1 1 20172017 1 1 8 8 3 3 1 1 2 2 七选五主要考查七选五主要考查文章语篇结构结构文章语篇结构结构。 Before t

36、he 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trade

37、s. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that. The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” a term referring to papers made widely available

38、 to the public. This development did not take place overnight. .Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. .But the phrase “penny paper” caught the publics fancy, . This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the

39、 street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. .It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling. 31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper? A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success. C. It was a robbery of t

40、he poor. D. It was a disaster for printers. 洞察洞察 分析分析 评估评估 近三年命题特点近三年命题特点 0101 侧重考查“获取具体信息”和“推断”这两种技能。“推断”题型比例增大。 0202 题材贴近中学生学习和生活的校园场景和生活场景，突出人与自然主题语境。 0303 对语言知识的要求提高（派生词、高级话题词汇、语法知识，语篇知识）。 应对策略应对策略 2 2- -1 1 在听的过程中，能抓住在听的过程中，能抓住熟悉话题熟悉话题语篇的大意，获取其中的主要语篇的大意，获取其中的主要信息信息、观点观点和和文化背景文化背景。 2 2- -2 2 理解说

41、话者选用的理解说话者选用的词汇、语法结构和语音手段词汇、语法结构和语音手段所实现的特殊表达效果。所实现的特殊表达效果。 落实课标要求（高中英语学业质量水平二落实课标要求（高中英语学业质量水平二 质量描述） 1. 1. 熟悉话题场景，积累相关词汇；熟悉话题场景，积累相关词汇； 2. 2. 关注表示说话者情感、态度价值观的词汇。关注表示说话者情感、态度价值观的词汇。 3. 3. 听读结合，分析材料文本的信息组织方式听读结合，分析材料文本的信息组织方式，准确而快速获取信息，准确而快速获取信息。 4. 4. 策略培训。策略培训。 2018 Text 8 W: Hi, Mike! M: Hi, Alic

42、e! Nice to see you. You dont often come here. W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came me for a change today. M: The environment here is good, clean and relatively quiet. W: Yeah. And I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening? M: Yes. A

43、re you? W: Yeah! Catherine was supposed to go with me. But she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know anyone who might like to go? M: No, but if you like, I can ask around. Er. Joan might want to go. W: Oh, yes, shes a great fan of classical music. Ill give her a ring after lunch. 2019 T

44、ext 5 M: I have an extra ticket to the concert tonight. Would you like to join me? W: Thanks, but I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested. 熟悉话题熟悉话题重复考查重复考查 . . major in drop out of take the course take a few days off ask for a leave give a presentation block apartments for ren

45、 carpet. lounge. cooker, fridge, dishwasher. cupboards. bathroom get in shape register for fitness classes dizzy spinning embarrassed. concerned. disapproving. ambiguous. understanding curious generous tough demanding 话题词汇话题词汇 一赞同 1. positive adi.定的，积极的，确实的 2. favorable ad偏袒的，有利的 3. approval n.赞成，正式

46、批准 4. supportive adi支持的支援的 5. enthusiastic n狂热，热心 6. defensive防卫的 7. practical ad，实际的 8. logical符合逻的 9 reasonable合理的 10. rational理性的 二否定 11. negative否定的 12. disapproval不赞成 13. object /oppositon反对的 l4. cnitical批评的 15. impractical不实际的 16. illogical adi不合逻辑的 17. prejudiced偏见的 18.conversative保守的 19. con

47、troversial 有争议的 20. contradicted矛盾的，反对的 表示情感态度的词汇表示情感态度的词汇 三怀疑 21. suspicion n 22. suspicious adj可疑的，怀的 23. doubtful adj可疑的，不确的，疑心的 24. confused困惑的 四客观 25.obiective adi客观的 26.neutral ad中立的 27.impersonal adj不带个人色彩的 28.unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的 29.factual adj.事实的，实际的根据事实的 五 主观 30. subjective adj主观的，个人

48、的 31. tolerant adj 宽容的 31 sensitive敏感的，易受伤害的 32. reserved保守的，克制的 33. moderate adj中等的，适度的，适中的v缓和 34. mild adi温和的，温柔的，演味的，适度的 35. amazed ad吃惊的，像奇的 36. pitiful令人同情的 37. strssful有压力的 38. merciful仁慈的 39. innocent无辜的 40. sociable好交际的 六积极主动 41. active主动的，积极的 42. positive积极的，背定的 43. optimistic adj乐观的 44. impressive adj给人深刻印象的 45. convinced / convincing令人信限 46. Persuasive 七消极被动 41. passive 被动的，消