（通用版）中考英语知识点梳理总复习：名词-专项超详细讲解课件.ppt

1、 专有名词 5名词 个体名词 普通名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词1.专有名词（1）人名 例：.(2)地名和地理名称 例：Europe The United States Today is Saturday.例：a useful dictionary an honest man 例：book books s cup cups s bag bags z例：bus buses box boxes dish dishes watch watches 例：leaf leaves thief thieves half halves knife knives 巧学妙记妻子wife拿刀knife去宰狼wo

2、lf，小偷thief吓得发了慌；藏在架shelf后保已self命life，半片树叶leaf遮目光。例：city cities country countries family families university universities例:day days boy boys key keys radio radios piano pianos potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes 例：foot feet goose geese tooth teeth man men woman women mouse mice（2）词尾发生变化例：chil

3、d children ox oxen 公牛（3）单复数同形例：fish fish sheep sheep deer deer 鹿 （4）表示某国人的名词复数例：a Chinese Chinese a Japanese Japanese an Englishman Englishmen a Frenchman Frenchmen an American Americans a German Germans an Australian Australians（5）复合名词的复数例：story-teller story tellers grown-up grown-ups son-in-law so

4、ns-in-law man doctor men doctors woman teacher women teachers Exercise：1.The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit2、I have two in my pencil-box.A.knife B.knifes C.knives D.a knifeExercise：3、Youre not a rich man or a famous person.But in my heart,you

5、 are one of the greatest in the world.A.businessmen B.man C.men D.person4.Whats in the?There are some and in them.A.photos;potatos;radios B.photos;potatoes;radios C.photoes;potatos;radios D.photos;potatoes;radioes 1.不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计 算，没有词形变化。例：advice 建议 furniture 家具 fun 乐趣 homework家庭作业 paper 纸 su

6、gar 糖 work 工作 fruit 水果 news 消息 trouble 麻烦 wealth 财富 weather 天气 rain 雨 2.2.不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词若表示数量，需要加适当的单位名词。(1)(1)用用some,much,a little,a lot of,plenty of some,much,a little,a lot of,plenty of 等等词词 修饰，表示修饰，表示大概的大概的量。量。例：much water a little butter a lot of food plenty of time (2)(2)表示表示具体的具体的量

7、。量。结构为：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词 例：a piece of advice a meter of cloth a ton of coal a pound of meat a bag of rice two cups of tea three bottles of water a drop of rain a bar of chocolate a gust of wind a flash of lightning a crowd of people a group of children3.3.可数名词和不可数名词的转化可数名词和不可数名词的转化例例:A A glass glass

8、 is made of is made of glassglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃做的。玻璃杯是由玻璃做的。She broke two She broke two glassesglasses.None of his family likes None of his family likes chickenchicken.鸡肉鸡肉 A dog is running after A dog is running after a a chickenchicken.小鸡小鸡 注意：注意：有些不可数名词也可以作可数名词，但意义发有些不可数名词也可以作可数名词，但意义发 生了变化。生了变化。例：例：cl

9、oth cloth（布）（布）clothes(clothes(衣服衣服)good good（益处）（益处）goods goods（货物）（货物）work work（工作）（工作）works (works (著作著作)paper paper（纸）（纸）papers(papers(报纸、证件、试卷报纸、证件、试卷)wood wood（木头）（木头）woods(woods(小树林小树林)room room（空间）（空间）roomroom（房间）（房间）life life（生活）（生活）lives lives（生命）（生命）time time（时间）（时间）times times（次数、倍数，时代）（

10、次数、倍数，时代）fruit fruit（水果）（水果）fruits(fruits(各种水果各种水果)要点三：名词所有格要点三：名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词所属关系的形式。名词所有格表示名词所属关系的形式。1.1.表示有生命的名词的所有格表示有生命的名词的所有格.(1)(1)一般情况下在名词词尾加一般情况下在名词词尾加 s.s.例：例：the student the student s s book book 这个学生的书这个学生的书 Miss Green Miss Green s s coat coat (2)(2)以以-s-s或或-es-es结尾的复数名词，直接在其后加结尾的复数名词，直

11、接在其后加.例：例：my parentshope my parentshope Teachers Day Teachers Day (3)(3)不以不以-s-s或或-es-es结尾的复数名词，在词尾加结尾的复数名词，在词尾加 s.s.例：例：Children s Day Children s Day Women s Day Women s Day (4)(4)两人或多人共同拥有一样东西时，只需在最后一个两人或多人共同拥有一样东西时，只需在最后一个名词后加名词后加s;s;如果不是共有的，则两个词后都要加如果不是共有的，则两个词后都要加s.s.例：例：This is Susan and my li

12、ttle sisters room.共有共有 They are Jims and Johns father.2.2.表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等地点时，名词表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词。所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词。例：例：at the tailors(shop)near the grocers at the butchers(shop)at the Greens(home)3.3.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以加词也可以加ss构成所有格。构成所有格。例：例：yesterday

13、s food a weeks time two hours walk six minutes drive Chinas weather Beijings scenery the moons light the suns center 4.4.特殊的所有格形式特殊的所有格形式(1)(1)表示无生命事物的名词，通常用表示无生命事物的名词，通常用“名词名词+of+of+名词名词”结构来构成所有格。结构来构成所有格。例：例：the windows of the classroomthe windows of the classroom the legs of the desk the legs of

14、the desk the title of the book the title of the book (2)(2)双重所有格由双重所有格由“of+of+名词所有格名词所有格”或或“of+of+名词性物名词性物主代词主代词”构成。构成。用法：双重所有格带有s所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，同时of前面必须是不确指的名词。例：例：a brother of my fathers a novel of Lu Xuns Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 一致主 谓主谓一致三原则Hi!My Sweet

15、 Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则壹 语法一致原则Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。eg:His father is a doctor.They are students.We love our motherland.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dr

16、eam Work Harder Goodbye 由and或bothand.连接的并列主语 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，若指同一个人或物，则谓语动词用单数。eg：Both Lucy and Lily are students.A worker and writer is going to gave us a talk.一个工人兼作家 知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 用one、everyone、each one、any one、each、either、neither

17、等+of+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Every one of the students is studying hard.Neither of the girls is pretty.知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 不定代词either、neither、the other、another、someone、somebody、something等在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Is there anything wrong with your bike?Everyone is

18、ready for the sports meeting?There is something wrong the my bike.知识要点知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg：Reading is learning.To see is to believe.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 主语后面跟有with,along with,except,besi

19、des,but,as well as,together with,including,rather than等词或短语，谓语动词的 数应与主语保持一致。就远原则 eg：The boy together with her parents goes to the museum once a week.All the students,including Tom,are going to the park.知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 由“some of,plenty of,a lot of,mos

20、t of,the rest of,all of,half of,分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持数的一致。eg：Two thirds of the work was finished by me.Most of the computers bought from Beijing.知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye “a pair/a kind/a series.+of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“pairs/kinds+of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词

21、用复数形式。eg：A kind of birds has been discovered by them.Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 某些只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg：My glasses were broken.pants shoes shorts trousers gloves clothes 知识要点梦家Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream

22、 Work Harder Goodbye 贰 意义一致主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。eg:Twenty dollars is too dear.My family are watching TV.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 主语为集体名词，若表示集体概念谓语动词用单数,若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。team,clas

23、s,group,company,eg：My family is a small one with three people.My family all like classical music.有些集合名词，形式上是单数，意义上表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词news,physics等，形式上是复数，而意义上表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。police,people人们 peoples 民族 eg：The police are looking for the missing child.Physics is very interesting.We all like it.Hi!My

24、 Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 表示价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般看成一个整体，谓语常用单数。eg:Three years is a long time.“the+形容词”作主语若表示一类人，谓语用复数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，谓语用单数。the young/old/rich/poor eg：The rich are not always happy.The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.the+姓氏 The blacks enjoy workin

25、g in China.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 弎 就近原则就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的主语。eg:Either he or she is wrong.Both he and I are wrong.不是 就是 要么 要么Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye.由eitheror.,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连接两个主语时，其谓语的单复

26、数需与较近的主语保持一致。eg:Neither her sisters nor Mary/is going to the party tomorrow.Mary nor her sisters are going to Not only my parents but also I am looking forward meeting my uncle.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye There be.和Here be 两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数 上保持一致。There(引导词)+be(谓语)+主语+状语 eg：There are three apples and a banana in Toms bag.There is an apple and a banana in Toms bag.There is a table with three legs in Toms room.谢 谢！Thanks!Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye