Unit-2-I-used-to-be-afraid-of-the-dark(单元总复习)课件.ppt

1、 Unit 2 学习目标学习目标学会用学会用used toused to谈论自己和他人过去的外谈论自己和他人过去的外貌、性格、爱好和经常做的事情。貌、性格、爱好和经常做的事情。类别类别 课程标准要求掌握的内容课程标准要求掌握的内容必备必备单词单词名词：名词：airplane,comic,death,gum,insect 动词：动词：terrify,chew,chat,cause,waste 形容词形容词:daily，patient 副词：副词：exactly 反身代词：反身代词：himself 常考常考短语短语be interested in,be terrified of,go to sle

2、ep,in the end,make a Decision,head teacher,to ones surprise,even though;no longer,not any more,give up,pay attention to.经典经典句型句型1You used to be short，didnt you?2I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends3It will make you stressed out4It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot5Did you us

3、e to play soccer?6，I didnt use to like tests 重点重点语法语法used to的用法的用法 复习反义疑问句复习反义疑问句【话话 题题】谈论自己和他人过去经常做的事及外貌、性格和爱好。谈论自己和他人过去经常做的事及外貌、性格和爱好。【学习目标学习目标】1.1.学会陈述自己过去常做的事情学会陈述自己过去常做的事情 2.2.学会陈述自己过去的爱好等学会陈述自己过去的爱好等 3.3.能够表达自己现在和过去在外表、性格、娱乐等能够表达自己现在和过去在外表、性格、娱乐等 方面的变方面的变 4.4.能够表达朋友、家人等现在和过去的变化能够表达朋友、家人等现在和过去的

4、变化【知识目标知识目标】重点词汇重点词汇 Used toConjunction but重点句型重点句型 Mario used to be short.Yes,he did.I used to eat candy all the time.Did you?Yes,I did.And I used to chew gum a lot.【能力目标能力目标】1）熟练掌握）熟练掌握“used to”句型，培养学生运用语句型，培养学生运用语 言的能力。言的能力。2）培养学生善于听说、乐于听说的良好习惯和）培养学生善于听说、乐于听说的良好习惯和 学习能力。学习能力。3）在表演中培养学生乐于表达的人际交往能力

5、）在表演中培养学生乐于表达的人际交往能力 和知识创新能力。和知识创新能力。【情感目标情感目标】培养学生积极健康的心态，学会谈论事物的发培养学生积极健康的心态，学会谈论事物的发展和变化，明白事物是不断变化的道理。展和变化，明白事物是不断变化的道理。重点和难点重点和难点重点：重点：used to句型。句型。难点：难点：used to句型在日常生活中的运用。句型在日常生活中的运用。反义疑问句。反义疑问句。一、听对话，选择能回答问题的一项一、听对话，选择能回答问题的一项 A B C1.M:What is UNICEF?W:It is a part of the UN and it helps chil

6、dren around the world.2.W:Whats the program about?M:Its about the biggest animal on land.3.M:What will the weather be like tomorrow?W:The radio says it will be a wet day.4.W:Which is your favorite festival?M:My favorite festival is Dragon Boat Festival.5.W:Which do you prefer,music or sports?M:Neith

7、er.I like reading better.二、听句子二、听句子,选答语，你将听到五个句子，请你根据所听到的内选答语，你将听到五个句子，请你根据所听到的内容，选择恰当的答语，每个句子仅读一遍。容，选择恰当的答语，每个句子仅读一遍。()6.A.She is Miss Gao.B.Alice.C.His name is Peter.()7.A.Hes in Class 4.B.Hes very old.C.Hes thirteen.()8.A.Hes twelve.B.Shes in Class 1.C.Hes in Class 2.()9.A.Shes at school today.B.

8、A teacher.C.Hes on the playground.()10.A.Its under the bed.B.They are under the bed.C.Hes under the bed.答案：答案：610 BCCAB 听力材料：听力材料：听句子听句子,选答语选答语。你将听到五个句子，请你根据所听。你将听到五个句子，请你根据所听到的内容，选择恰当的答语，每个句子仅读一遍。到的内容，选择恰当的答语，每个句子仅读一遍。6.Whats her name?7.How old is Jack?8.What class is the boy in?9.Where is Mrs.Smit

9、h?10.Where are his shoes?三、听录音，补全对话（听两遍）三、听录音，补全对话（听两遍）Paula:Hey,Steve!Over here!Dont you _ me?Steve:Oh,wow!Youre Paula,arent you?Paula:Thats right.Steve:But you _ to be really _,didnt you?Paula:Yeah.I wasnt very _.Steve:No,you werent.But you were always _.Wait a minute!Did you _ to play the piano?P

10、aula:Yes,I did.But now Im more _ in sports.I play _ and Im on the _ team.Steve:Wow!People sure _.Paula:Hey,Steve!Over here!Dont you remember me?Steve:Oh,wow!Youre Paula,arent you?Paula:Thats right.Steve:But you used to be really quiet,didnt you?Paula:Yeah.I wasnt very outgoing.Steve:No,you werent.Bu

11、t you were always friendly.Wait a minute!Did you use to play the piano?Paula:Yes,I did.But now Im more interested in sports.I play soccer and Im on the swim team.Steve:Wow!People sure change.Paula:Hey,Steve!Over here!Dont you remember me?Steve:Oh,wow!Youre Paula,arent you?Paula:Thats right.Steve:But

12、 you used to be really quiet,didnt you?Paula:Yeah.I wasnt very outgoing.Steve:No,you werent.But you were always friendly.Wait a minute!Did you use to play the piano?Paula:Yes,I did.But now Im more interested in sports.I play soccer and Im on the swim team.Steve:Wow!People sure change.My biggest _ is

13、 that Im too _.When I was young,I used to have so much time,but these days,I get up _ and stay in school all day.Then I go right home and _ dinner.Before I started high school,I used to spend a lot of time _ games with my friends,but I just dont have the time anymore.In the evening,I used to watch T

14、V or _ with my grandmother,but now I have to _.I love music and my father takes me to _.These days,I hardly ever have_for concerts.I do my homework and go to bed.I really _the old days三、听录音，补全短文（听两遍）三、听录音，补全短文（听两遍）My biggest problem is that Im too busy.When I was young,I used to have so much time,bu

15、t these days,I get up early and stay in school all day.Then I go right home and eat dinner.Before I started high school,I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends,but I just dont have the time anymore.In the evening,I used to watch TV or chat with my grandmother,but now I have to st

16、udy.I love music and my father takes me to concerts.These days,I hardly ever have time for concerts.I do my homework and go to bed.I really miss the old days My biggest problem is that Im too busy.When I was young,I used to have so much time,but these days,I get up early and stay in school all day.T

17、hen I go right home and eat dinner.Before I started high school,I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends,but I just dont have the time anymore.In the evening,I used to watch TV or chat with my grandmother,but now I have to study.I love music and my father takes me to concerts.Thes

18、e days,I hardly ever have time for concerts.I do my homework and go to bed.I really miss the old days1.die;dead和和death【辨析辨析】die是动词，是是动词，是“死亡，去世死亡，去世”的意思，为短暂性动词，不能与的意思，为短暂性动词，不能与延续性时间连用，表延续性用延续性时间连用，表延续性用be dead，它在句子里作谓语。，它在句子里作谓语。My grandpa died long time ago.（我爷爷很久之前就死了。）（我爷爷很久之前就死了。）She has been d

19、ead for 3 years.她去世三年了。她去世三年了。death是名词，它在这个句子里作主语。是名词，它在这个句子里作主语。Her death was a shock to him（她的死对他是个打击）。（她的死对他是个打击）。I afraid of death.我害怕死亡。我害怕死亡。dead是形容词，是是形容词，是“死亡死亡”的意思，它在句子里作表语、定语。的意思，它在句子里作表语、定语。The cat is dead.（这只猫是死的。）（这只猫是死的。）2.Surprise，surprised，surprising【辨析辨析】surprise v.使使惊讶，使惊讶，使吃惊，使吃惊，

20、使感到意外感到意外Lets surprise Mom with a present.我们送件礼物让妈惊喜惊喜。我们送件礼物让妈惊喜惊喜。surprise n.惊奇，惊讶惊奇，惊讶U；惊人的事物，意外的事；惊人的事物，意外的事CThere was a look of surprise on his face.他脸上带着惊讶的表情。他脸上带着惊讶的表情。His success was a great surprise to me.他的成功令我大为惊讶。他的成功令我大为惊讶。surprised adj.吃惊的，感到惊讶的吃惊的，感到惊讶的a surprised look 吃惊的表情吃惊的表情The

21、man looked surprised.那个人看起来有些惊讶。那个人看起来有些惊讶。be surprised at 因因而感到惊讶而感到惊讶We were surprised at the fact.我们对这事感到惊讶。我们对这事感到惊讶。in surprise 吃惊地，在惊慌中吃惊地，在惊慌中He hid himself in surprise.他在惊慌中躲了起来。他在惊慌中躲了起来。takeby surprise 使使惊慌，突袭惊慌，突袭The question took the professor by surprise.那个问题使教授大感意外。那个问题使教授大感意外。to ones

22、surprise 令（使）某人惊讶的是令（使）某人惊讶的是To my surprise,she was the mother of two children.surprising adj.惊人的，意外的，令人惊奇的惊人的，意外的，令人惊奇的The news is surprising.What youve just told me is very surprising.1.used to be/do 过去常常过去常常2.over here/there在这里在这里/那里那里 3.wait a minute请稍等请稍等4.be interested in sth/doing sth 对对感兴趣感兴

23、趣 5.on the team在在队队6.people sure change人当然在改变人当然在改变 7.fly in an airplane乘飞机乘飞机 8.speak in front of a group在小组前发言在小组前发言 9.be terrified of sth/doing sth对对感到害怕感到害怕10.with the light on 开着灯开着灯11.worry about sth/doing sth 为为担忧担忧 =be worried about sth/doing sth 12.chat with sb和和聊天聊天13.daily life日常生活日常生活15.

24、in the last/past few years在过去几年里在过去几年里 16.chew gum嚼口香糖嚼口香糖 17.hardly ever几乎不几乎不 18.it seems that.看起来看起来 19.be stressed out焦虑的，焦躁的焦虑的，焦躁的 20.problem child问题儿童问题儿童 21.cause trouble/problems惹麻烦惹麻烦22.afford to pay for负担负担的费用的费用 23.get into trouble with sb和和发生冲突发生冲突 24.boarding school 寄宿学校寄宿学校 25.as well

25、 as 也也 26.to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是令某人惊奇的是27.take pride in =be proud of为为而骄傲而骄傲/自豪自豪 28.pay attention to注意；关注注意；关注 29.a top student名列前茅的学生名列前茅的学生 30.give up sth/doing sth放弃放弃 1.Mario,you used to be short,didnt you?马里奥，你过去很矮，对吗？马里奥，你过去很矮，对吗？【解析解析】(1)used to 是一个固定结构，意为是一个固定结构，意为“过去常常过去常常”，后面跟动词，后面跟动词原形

26、，表示过去习惯性的的动作或状态。这种动作或状态现在原形，表示过去习惯性的的动作或状态。这种动作或状态现在已不存在，所以不能用一般现在时态。状语可以用已不存在，所以不能用一般现在时态。状语可以用always，sometimes，often等频度副词。等频度副词。He used to play basketball at school 他过去常在学校里打篮球。他过去常在学校里打篮球。I used to be outgoing,but now I am much quieter.(2)used to 在疑问句和否定句中用助动词在疑问句和否定句中用助动词did Did you use to swim?

27、你过去经常游泳吗你过去经常游泳吗?I didnt use to be quiet 我过去不是很文静。我过去不是很文静。【辨析辨析】used to do sth.,be used to(doing)sth.与与be used to do sth.used to do sth意为意为“过去常做某事过去常做某事”，只用于过去时态。，只用于过去时态。She used to have long hair她过去留着长发。她过去留着长发。be used to(doing)sth意为意为“习惯于习惯于(做做)某事某事”，可用于，可用于现现 、在、过去、将来等多种时态。在、过去、将来等多种时态。She has

28、been here for ten years,so she is used to the weather here.He is used to getting up early 他习惯于早起床。他习惯于早起床。be used to do sth意为意为“被用于做某事被用于做某事”，是被动语态，不，是被动语态，不 定式表示目的，用于多种时态。定式表示目的，用于多种时态。Wood is used to make paper 木材被用来造纸。木材被用来造纸。【中考链接中考链接】【2011兰州兰州】28.Mary is used to a T-shirt and jeans.A.wear B.put

29、 on C.wearing D.putting on 答案：答案：C【解析解析】词义辨析。句意词义辨析。句意“玛丽习惯于穿玛丽习惯于穿T恤衫和牛仔裤恤衫和牛仔裤”，be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，因此排除选项习惯于做某事，因此排除选项A、B，wear强调状态，强调状态，put on强调动作，由句意知强调动作，由句意知“此处表示状此处表示状态态”，因此选，因此选C【2011雅安雅安】16.Her sister _ a taxi driver.Now she works for a charity.A.is B.were used to being C.is used to

30、 being D.used to be答案：答案：D【解析解析】考查近义词组的辨析。考查近义词组的辨析。be used to do“被用于被用于”；be used to do ing“习惯于习惯于”；used to do“过去过去”。句意。句意为为“他的妹妹过去是一个出租车司机，现在她为慈善组织工他的妹妹过去是一个出租车司机，现在她为慈善组织工作作”。故选。故选D。【实战演练实战演练】I _ keep dogs for protection,but now I keep them as pets.A.would rather B.had better C.used to D.have to【解

31、析解析】考查短语辨析。考查短语辨析。would rather意为意为“宁愿宁愿”；had better意为意为“最好最好”；used to意为意为“过去常常过去常常”；have to意为意为“必须必须”；根据后句句意：但是现在我把它们当宠物；根据后句句意：但是现在我把它们当宠物养，可知过去常常是养狗保护。故选养，可知过去常常是养狗保护。故选C。【实战演练实战演练】Bamboo can _ paper.A.used to make B.be used make C.be used to make D.be used to making【解析解析】词义辨析。词义辨析。used to do sth意

32、思是意思是“过去常常做某过去常常做某事事”；be used to do sth 意思是意思是“被用来做某事被用来做某事”；be used to doing sth意思是意思是“习惯做某事习惯做某事”。由句意可知。由句意可知“竹竹子被用来制作成纸子被用来制作成纸”，故选，故选C。【2010湖北湖北孝感孝感】33.Old Henry _ take his dog for a walk after supperBut these days he is too weak to do that.A.has to B.is able to C.used toD.got used to答案答案C【解析解析】

33、句意：老亨利过去晚饭后带着狗去散步，但这些天他句意：老亨利过去晚饭后带着狗去散步，但这些天他太虚弱不能去啦。太虚弱不能去啦。has to不得不；不得不；is able to 能；能；used to过过去曾经做过；去曾经做过；get used to 习惯于。根据句意，答案应选习惯于。根据句意，答案应选C。【2010江西江西南昌南昌】29一一Are you _ the dark?OhyesI always go to sleep with the light onAused to Bafraid of Cinterested in Dgood with答案答案B【解析解析】“be used to+

34、名词名词/动名词动名词”意为意为“习惯于做某习惯于做某事事”；be afraid of意为意为“害怕害怕”；be interested in意为意为“对对感兴趣感兴趣”；be good with意为意为“善于使用或处善于使用或处理理”，因此答案为，因此答案为B。【实战演练实战演练】根据汉语提示完成句子：根据汉语提示完成句子：1.I _ _(过去常常过去常常)collects stamps,biut now I am not 2.interested in it any more.3.2.Paula,you _ _ _(过去曾是过去曾是)，short,didnt you?4.3.Tina,you

35、 _ _ _(过去常常留过去常常留)straight hair,didnt you?5.句型转换：句型转换：6.She used to live in Beijing.(反义疑问句反义疑问句)7.She used to live in Beijing，_ _/_ _?8.2.He used to wear jeans.(划线提问划线提问)9._ _he _to _?10.3.My grandfather doctor before.（同义句）（同义句）11.My grandfather _ _ _ a doctor.used toused to beused to havedidnt he u

36、sednt heWhat did use doused to be2.But now Im more interested in sports.但我现在对运动更感兴趣。但我现在对运动更感兴趣。【解析解析】be interested in.对对感兴趣感兴趣 Are you interested in learning English?They are becoming interested in sports注意：注意：more在这里帮助构成比较级。部分双音节和多音节的形在这里帮助构成比较级。部分双音节和多音节的形容词在其前加容词在其前加more构成比较级，加构成比较级，加most构成最高级。构

37、成最高级。【辨析辨析】interesting与与interestedinteresting意为意为“令人感兴趣的令人感兴趣的”，可作表语，其主语通常是，可作表语，其主语通常是物。物。interested意为意为“感兴趣的感兴趣的”，常用于，常用于“bebecome interested in”这一结构中，其主语通常是人这一结构中，其主语通常是人The students in Class Two are interested in this interesting story二班的学生都对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。二班的学生都对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。3.Im on the swim team.我是游

38、泳队员。我是游泳队员。【解析解析】(1)句中句中on为介词，意为为介词，意为“(是是)的成员；在的成员；在供职供职”。I am on the school basketball team 我是校篮球队队员。我是校篮球队队员。(2)此处此处be onteam相当于相当于be a member of.。I am on the school basketball team I am a member of the school basketball team 我是校篮球队队员。我是校篮球队队员。【拓展拓展】in the team 在队里（不一定是队员）在队里（不一定是队员）4.Im still af

39、raid of我现在仍然害怕我现在仍然害怕【解析解析】(1)still为副词，意为为副词，意为“仍然仍然”，用来说明某人或某物没有变化。，用来说明某人或某物没有变化。still在句中通常放在实义动词前，助动词、情态动词、连系在句中通常放在实义动词前，助动词、情态动词、连系动词等的后面。动词等的后面。The woman still lives in Shanghai 那个女人仍然住在上海。那个女人仍然住在上海。He is still in the classroom 他仍然待在教室里。他仍然待在教室里。(2)be afraid of“害怕害怕”，后跟名词或动名词。，后跟名词或动名词。The bo

40、y isnt afraid of snakes 那个男孩不怕蛇。那个男孩不怕蛇。Mary is afraid of swimming in the river 玛丽害怕在河里游泳。玛丽害怕在河里游泳。5.being alone独处独处【解析解析】alone为形容词，意为为形容词，意为“单独的，独自的单独的，独自的”。Her parents were not at home，and she was alone她父母不在家，留下她独自一人。她父母不在家，留下她独自一人。【辨析辨析】alone与与lonelyalone既可作形容词，又可作副词，意为既可作形容词，又可作副词，意为“单独的单独的(地地)

41、，独自的，独自的(地地)”，作形容词时常用作表语。，作形容词时常用作表语。lonely形容词，意为形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的，人烟稀少的孤独的，寂寞的，人烟稀少的”，可作，可作表语或定语，带有感情色彩。表语或定语，带有感情色彩。He lives alone，but he never feels lonely，他一个人生活，但从不感到孤单。他一个人生活，但从不感到孤单。The old man lives alone in a lonely village这位老人独自住在一个偏僻的村庄里。这位老人独自住在一个偏僻的村庄里。【中考链接中考链接】【2011雅安雅安】12.His grandparen

42、ts live _ in a small house,but they dont feel _.答案：答案：B A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone【解析解析】考查形容词考查形容词alone;lonely用法。句意为用法。句意为“他的爷爷奶他的爷爷奶奶单独住在一个小房子里，但是并不感到孤独。奶单独住在一个小房子里，但是并不感到孤独。”alone意为意为“单独一个人单独一个人”;lonely“内心孤独的内心孤独的”。故选。故选B。(2011江苏宿迁江苏宿迁)17.I dont have any close frie

43、nds here.I feel _ from time to time.A.aloneB.happyC.lonelyD.proud【解析解析】【答案答案】C本题考查词义辨析。本题考查词义辨析。alone意为意为“独自的独自的”，侧重说明、独自一人，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态；侧重说明、独自一人，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态；happy意为意为“高兴的；幸福的高兴的；幸福的”；lonely 意为意为“寂寞的寂寞的”表表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情；生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情；proud意为意为

44、“自豪的自豪的”。句意。句意“我这儿没有任何朋友。我有时感觉很我这儿没有任何朋友。我有时感觉很_”。由语境可。由语境可知选知选C。【实战演练实战演练】He did the work all by himself.A.already B.together C.alone【解析解析】考查副词的用法。他独自一人做的这项工作。考查副词的用法。他独自一人做的这项工作。alone=by oneself.故选故选C。【实战演练实战演练】Though his grandmother lives ，she never feelsAalone；alone Blonely；lonely Calone；lonely

45、Dlonely;alone【解析解析】题意：虽然他奶奶一个人生活，但她从未觉得孤独。题意：虽然他奶奶一个人生活，但她从未觉得孤独。alone表示客观情况，意为表示客观情况，意为“孤单一人孤单一人”；lonely表示内心感受，表示内心感受，意为意为“孤独的，寂寞的孤独的，寂寞的”。答案：答案：C6.Im terrified of the dark.我惧怕黑暗。我惧怕黑暗。【解析解析】(1)be terrified of相当于相当于be afraid of，都有，都有“害怕害怕”的意思。的意思。be afraid of表示一般的表示一般的“害怕、担心害怕、担心”，语气较轻，比较委，语气较轻，比较委

46、婉，相当于婉，相当于be fearful;be terrified of表示表示“被被吓了一跳吓了一跳”或或“对对极度恐极度恐惧惧”，语气较强，相当于，语气较强，相当于be frightened。The girl is afraid of her father 那个女孩怕她的父亲。那个女孩怕她的父亲。She is terrified of dogs and snakes 她害怕狗和蛇。她害怕狗和蛇。(2)dark在此处用作名词，意为在此处用作名词，意为“黑暗，夜色黑暗，夜色”。He is walking slowly in the dark 他在夜色下缓慢前行。他在夜色下缓慢前行。【拓展拓展】

47、dark用法用法1.形容词，意为形容词，意为“黑暗的，暗的黑暗的，暗的”。Its getting dark.天黑下来了。天黑下来了。2.形容颜色，意为形容颜色，意为“深的深的”。She is wearing a dark blue skirt.她穿着一件深蓝色的裙子。她穿着一件深蓝色的裙子。【注意注意】be terrified atwith“被被吓一跳吓一跳”。I was terrified at the bad news。我被那个坏消息吓了一跳。我被那个坏消息吓了一跳。7.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着我卧室的灯睡觉。我开着我卧室的灯睡觉

48、。【解析解析】(1)go to sleep 指指“睡着，入睡睡着，入睡”，强调，强调“入睡入睡”这个动作，这个动作，即即 begin to sleep。(2)句中句中with引导的介词短语表示伴随状况。引导的介词短语表示伴随状况。He is sleeping with the windows open 他开着窗户在房间里睡觉。他开着窗户在房间里睡觉。(3)on在该句中作副词，意为在该句中作副词，意为“在接通或使用中在接通或使用中”，表示正在进，表示正在进行行 或发生。或发生。The light in his room is still on.他房间里的灯还亮着。他房间里的灯还亮着。【注意注意】

49、sleep with the light on意为意为“开着灯睡觉开着灯睡觉”。My elder sister used to sleep with the light on 我姐姐过去常常开着灯睡觉。我姐姐过去常常开着灯睡觉。【拓展拓展】turn on打开（电器、电源等）；打开（电器、电源等）；on TV通过电视；通过电视；on the swim team在游泳队；在游泳队；on Monday morning在星期一早上在星期一早上【跟踪训练跟踪训练】(4)房间的灯亮着，我想他可能在家。房间的灯亮着，我想他可能在家。The light isin the room.I think he mig

50、ht be at home.【拓展拓展】“with+名词名词+介词介词/形容词形容词”结构，在句中作状语，表结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随状况。示伴随状况。【跟踪训练跟踪训练】(5)夏天我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。夏天我喜欢开着窗子睡觉。I like to sleep the window in summer.(6)老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。My teacher went into the classrooma bookhis hand.with ononwith8I dont worry about tests我不担心考试。我不担心考试。【解析解析】worry abo