(新课标通用)18届高考英语一轮复习专题11语篇填空课件.ppt
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1、第二部分第二部分语法知识运用语法知识运用专题十一语篇填空语篇填空要做好语篇填空这一类型的题目,首先需要大家平时记忆单词的时候最好要结合词语的各种词性一块记忆。比如,interest(名词的意思是“有趣”,作为动词时是“对感兴趣”)这个简单的词汇,记忆的时候要同时掌握其形容词以及副词等形式。这是大家正确选择合适单词形式的基础。其次,我一直觉得有好的做题步骤十分关键。以我自己为例,当拿到一篇语法填空题的短文时,我要先通读全文,把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。第二步要结合语境,试填空格。读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语
2、言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格处所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所填单词的正确形式。在解题过程中要先易后难,在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。最后,当所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍,以确保没有笔误等低级错误的存在。这样这个大题就基本完成啦。北京大学张义德试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 1(2017全国)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and
3、less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)1 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案与解析】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要分析了低脂低盐的饮食方式的利弊以及这种饮食方式对人体的影响。1.as考查介词。a
4、s“作为”,是介词。此处意为“作为一种与心脏病做斗争的方法”。2.effects考查名词的复数。effect“作用”,是可数名词。根据前面的some可知要用effects。side effects“副作用”。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt
5、 4(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案与解析】3.to process考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”,所以填to process。4.are removed考查被动语态。remove是及物动词,与fat and salt有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态。5.a考查固定搭配。as a r
6、esult“结果”,是固定搭配。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Even 6(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7(be)full of fat and salt;by 8(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案与解析】6.worse考查比较级。根据前面的even可知,所填的词要用比较级。bad的比较级是worse。7.is考查主谓一致。fast food是第三人称
7、单数形式,句子是一般现在时,所以填is。8.eating考查非谓语动词。by是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 9(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both
8、,10 is not good for the health.【答案与解析】9.careful考查形容词。be是连系动词,后面要接形容词作表语。care的形容词形式是careful。10.which考查定语从句。题空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,所以填which。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 2(2017全国)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allo
9、wed people to avoid terrible 1(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.【答案与解析】【语篇解读】本文介绍了伦敦地铁的建设、发展以及使用情况。1.crowds考查名词。根据前面的terrible可知,这里用名词crowd的复数形式,表示“人群”。2.from考查介词。根据前面的to可知,这里填from。to and from work“上下班”。
10、试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练method.This included digging up the road,3(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.【答案与解析】3.laying考查非谓语动词。根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,作谓语动词included的宾语。4.the考查冠词。这里特指地铁的顶部。意思是在地铁的顶部建了一个坚固的顶棚
11、。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 Steam engines 5(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 6(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.【答案与解析】6.fairly考查副词。un
12、pleasant是形容词,这里用副词fairly修饰,意思是“相当不舒服”。7.it考查代词。it在这里指代前面提到的名词the railway。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Later,engineers 8(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 9(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.The
13、 Central London Railway was one of the most 10(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.【答案与解析】8.managed考查动词时态。根据上文及后面的became可知,这里用过去时。9.introduction考查名词。根据前面的the以及后面的of可知,这里要填名词,introduce的名词形
14、式是introduction。10.successful考查形容词。根据前面的the most可知,这里是形容词的最高级,success是名词,其形容词是successful。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 3(2017全国)She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-ye
15、ar-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1(rest).Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day as 2 model in New York.【答案与解析】【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。16岁的女中学生Sarah Thomas在被告知能够做超模,年薪百万美金的情况下仍然挑战自我,坚持以学业为重,兼职做模特。她拥有自己的梦想,对未来有更好的人生规划。1.resting考查非谓语动词。spend.(in)doing sth.“花费做某事”,为固定搭配。2.a考查冠词。as a model“作为一名模特”。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高
16、招对点精练Sarah 3(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,4has taken part in shows along with top models,wants 5(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to
17、carry on with her 6(educate).【答案与解析】3.has been told/was told考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时态可知用现在完成时或者过去时的被动形式,填has been told或者was told 均可。4.who考查定语从句。此处先行词在从句中作主语且指人,故用who引导。5.to prove考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.“想要做某事”,为固定短语,故用to prove。6.education考查名词。根据此处句意及空前的with her可知,educate需要用名词形式。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练She has t
18、urned down several 7(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.【答案与解析】7.invitations考查名词。她拒绝了好几个邀请,所以 invitation要用复数形式。8.in考查介词。get a degree i
19、n.为固定搭配,意为“取得学位”,故用介词in。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 9(come)first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 10(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant m
20、odel any more.”【答案与解析】es考查动词。根据前句的时态判断,此句需用一般现在时,要注意主谓一致,故用comes。10.certainly考查副词。此处用副词certainly修饰形容词fun。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage 4(2016全国)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,1 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.【答案与解析】【语篇解读】本文为说明文。介绍了筷子的应用,
21、制作不同的筷子需要的材料与工艺,以及筷子的形成过程。1.and考查连词。列举的几个国家是并列关系,故用and连接。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2(make)of gold and silver with Chine
22、se characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3(create)special designs.【答案与解析】2.be made考查语态。该句句意:真正精致的筷子可能是由金银制成,并刻有汉字。筷子是被制作的,应该用被动语态,在情态动词might后用动词原形,故答案为be made。3.to create考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用不定式形式作目的状语。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousan
23、d years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,4(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,5the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6(gradual)turned into chopsticks.【答案与解析】4.using考查非谓语
24、动词。逗号前面是一个完整的句子且中间没有连词,因此该空格应该用非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语people与use之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词形式using作方式状语。5.as/when考查连词。句意为“随着人口的增长”,故用as或when引导时间状语从句。6.gradually考查形容词与副词。动词短语turned into应该用副词修饰。gradual是形容词,其副词形式为gradually。试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7lived from roughly 551
25、 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 8(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9(be)too violent for use at the table.【答案与解析】7.who考查定语从句。根据对逗号前后内容的分析可以看出空格处所在句子为非限制性定语从句,其先行词Confucius 指人,故用who引导该定语从句。8.development考查名词。根据句意以及前面的动词influenced和冠词the可以断定,此处应该用名词作宾语。devel
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