高考英语复习：完形填空说明文课件.ppt

1、高考英语复习：完形填空高考英语复习：完形填空 说明文说明文(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 1._ with them lots of waste.The 2._ might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing，changing the 3._ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories，Im 4._

2、 about the placeother destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.D C C B However，I soon 5._ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6._ among tons of rubbish.I find a 7._ mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 8._ but th

3、e efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9._.The best of a Kilimanjaro 10._，in my opinion，isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 11._ as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12._ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13._ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a fe

4、w kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters，14._ lands of low growing plants.Further up，the weather 15._low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with thick grass.A C D C A B D A B D A I 16._ twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is t

5、he highland 17._：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.18._ you climb into an arcticlike zone with 19._ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20._ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.文章大意：主题：人与自然(环

6、境保护)；话题：乞力马扎罗山。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。该语篇能激发深入思考，关注自然和生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。C B D A B 1AkeepBmixCconnectDbring解析：上文语境题。根据第一句“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro.”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。2AstoriesBbuildingsCcrowdsDreporters解析：上文语境题。联系上文

7、中的about 40,000 people可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。3Aposition BageCface Dname解析：上文语境题。联系上文中的The glaciers are disappearing可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。4AsilentBskepticalCseriousDcrazy解析：下文语境题。联系下文other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(s

8、keptical)。be skeptical about对表示怀疑。silent沉默的；serious严肃的；crazy 疯狂的。5Adiscover BargueCdecideDadvocate解析：下文语境题。联系下文的much has changed可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。argue争论；decide决定；advocate提倡。6AequipmentBgrassCcampsDstones解析：下文语境题。联系下文中的with toilets at camps可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。7AremoteBquietCtallDclean解析：上下文语

9、境题。联系上文However(然而)及下文with toilets at camps and along the paths(营地和路边都有厕所)可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。8AnewBspecialCsignificantDnecessary解析：上文语境题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。9Apaying offBspreading outCblowing up Dfading away解析：上文语境题。联系前

10、文的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(pay off)。spread out展开；blow up爆炸；fade away逐渐消失。10AatmosphereBexperienceCexperiment Dsight解析：下文语境题。联系下文reaching the top可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验(experience)并不是登顶。atmosphere气氛；experiment实验；sight视线。11Astudied BobservedCexploredDregarded解析：下

11、文语境题。联系空后的by many cultures可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，be regarded as被看作是。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。12AviewBqualityCreasonDpurpose解析：上下文语境题。结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的go through five ecosystems可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality品质；reason原因；purpose目的。13AscientistsBclimbersClocalsDofficials解析：上文语境题。联系

12、上文的“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro.”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。scientist科学家；local本地人；official官员。14Aholding on toBgoing back toCliving up to Dgiving way to解析：上文语境题。联系上文的It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters可知，热带雨林在3 000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give way to意为“被代替”，符合语境。hold on t

13、o坚持；go back to回到；live up to不辜负。15AchangesBclearsCimprovesDpermits解析：上下文语境题。上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的low clouds envelop the mountainsides可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。clear清除；improve改善；permit允许。16Amatch BimagineCcountDadd解析：下文语境题。联系空后的twelve shades of green可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。17Avillage BdesertCroad Dlake解析：下

14、文语境题。联系冒号后的gravel，stones and rocks可知，4 000米以上是荒漠(desert)。18AObviouslyBEasilyCConsequentlyDFinally解析：上下文语境题。上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。obviously明显地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。19ApermanentBlittleCfresh Dartificial解析：上文语境题。联系上文的climb into an arcticlike zone可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里

15、是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。little少的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的。20AenjoyBdeserveCsave Dacquire解析：下文语境题。联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？一、题型解读说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：1文章多用现在时态。

16、说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。名 师 点 津 2语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。3文章主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。二、解题技巧1明确说明对象，理清段落关系。通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的

17、理解。2弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。1掌握说明顺序为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。First of all.Then._2_，the pen should make a thick,dark line.Fineline pens may compensate for

18、 bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text,as,for example，a signature on a printed letter.A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)AMeanwhileBGenerallyCAfterwardsDFinally 典 例解题思路作者为了介绍怎样选择好用的钢笔使用了过渡词first of all,t

19、hen等引出相关的细节内容，然后选finally，与前面的过渡词保持一致。在说明文完形填空试题中，要特别注意文中用来举例或说明步骤、方法或过程等的单词或短语。故选_D_。2利用逻辑关系完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文是怎样的逻辑关系，找准关键信息词，可以帮助我们解题。Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.And theyve never actually met you.Everything they know about you

20、 came through this device,sometimes from hundreds of miles away._43_ they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the telephone is.AThusBYetCThenDIndeed 典 例解题思路上文说，很多人只凭桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象，即使从未谋面。他们对你的一切了解都来自这台装置，有时甚至相隔好几百英里。这里说，然而，他们感觉仅通过你的声音就能了解你是个什么样的人。thus“因

21、此，这样”；yet“然而”；then“于是，接着”；indeed“的确；确实”。根据句意选_B_。3明白所举事例作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理，通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常用手法，也是做题的突破口。例如：To find the meaning from textbased clues,you should look for clues in the sentence.A second kind of clue does not rely on specific words to indicate the meaning.This kind of context clue is c

22、alled a frameworkbased clue.Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words helps you discover the meaning of a word or sentence.Common sense and your knowledge of the part of speech also help define unknown words.典 例For example,the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other

23、driver.What does“vehemently”_56_？You know what _57_ means,and you know how people feel when they argue.From this,you can figure out that“vehemently”has something to do with strong emotion or intense feelings.56Amean.BuseCcontainDcomplete57AangryBgratefulChappyDanxious解题思路本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说，常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。为了表达上文的意思，作者举例说，一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的过程中喊叫着。这里用副词vehemently来修饰动词shouted。作者这里肯定问的是：“vehemently”是什么意思呢？因此56题选_A_项，与下文中的“You know what _57_ means”形成呼应。57题选_A_，意思是“你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受”，也与上文中的“the angry driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所述道理非常有帮助。