高考英语一轮复习语法专项十特殊句式课件外研版.pptx

1、十、特殊句式考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有:倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句等。一、倒装句1.全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法以以here,there,out,in,up,down,away等副词开头等副词开头,谓语动词多为谓语动词多为be,come,go等等,主语是名词主语是名词副词副词+谓语谓语+主主语语以以then,now,thus,such开头开头,谓语动谓语动词多为词多为come,follow,begin,end,be,主主语是名词语是名词副词副词+谓语谓语+主主语语倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法表地点的介词短语位于句首表地点的介词

2、短语位于句首,且谓语动词为不及物动词且谓语动词为不及物动词,主主语是名词语是名词介词短语介词短语+谓语谓语+主语主语表语置于句首表语置于句首,为了保持句子为了保持句子平衡平衡,为表示强调为表示强调,或利于上下或利于上下文衔接文衔接*Out rushed a cat from under the table.*Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.*In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.*Seated in the first line are

3、 some advanced workers.2.部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法only修饰副词、介词短语或修饰副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语从句位于句首作状语Only+助动词助动词/系动词系动词/情态动情态动词词+主语主语+谓语其他部分谓语其他部分倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法含有否定意义的副词或介词短语含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not,never,seldom,little,hardly,by no means,not until,on no condition,in no case,under no circumstances

4、)位于句首时位于句首时否定副词或介词短否定副词或介词短语语+助动词助动词/系动词系动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语+谓谓语其他部分语其他部分倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法hardly.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also)等连接等连接两个分句时两个分句时,如果如果hardly,no sooner,not only位于句首位于句首,前一个前一个分句用部分倒装分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不后一个分句不变变Hardly/No sooner/Not only+助动词助动词/系系动词动词/情态动词情态动词+主主语语+谓语其他部分谓语其他部分+when/than/bu

5、t also+分句分句倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法so(such).that中的中的so(such)位于句首时位于句首时So+adj./adv.+系动词系动词/助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语+谓语其他部分谓语其他部分+that从从句句so/neither/nor置于句首置于句首,意为意为“也也”或或“也不也不”表示前面表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时人或事物时so/neither/nor+系动词系动词/助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语倒装条件倒装条件倒装方法倒装方法as引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时,意为意为“尽管尽管”,把句中状语

6、、表语或把句中状语、表语或动词提前动词提前;若表语是名词若表语是名词,其前不其前不用冠词用冠词当当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词助动词had,were或或should等时等时,如将如将if省略省略,则要将则要将had,were或或should等移到主语之前等移到主语之前Had/Were/Should+主语主语+谓语其他部分谓语其他部分+主句主句*Only in this way can you solve this problem.*Never before have I seen such a moving film.*Not only was he forced

7、 to stay home,but also he had to do his homework.*So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.*Tom doesnt like bananas,neither/nor do I.【点津】(1)there,here,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等副词置于句首,但主语为人称代词时,不用倒装。(2)only修饰主语置于句首时,不能倒装。(3)若两个主语一致时,则表示同意以上观点,不能倒装,此时so表示“的确如

8、此”,即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”。(5)Neither.,nor.“不,也不”,连接两个并列分句时,这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。(6)though引导让步状语从句时,可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。二、强调句1.强调句(1)It is/was.that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时,可用that或who,其他情况下用that。*It was Belorussian writer S

9、vetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature.(2)在强调句中,当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.(3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,强调句结构须用:It is.that/who.;如原句的谓语动词是过去时态,则强调句结构须用It was.that/who.。(4)“not.until.”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until.that.”。

10、*It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed.(5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。*Was it in 1939 that World War broke out?(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为:疑问词+is/was+it+that/who.?*Where was it that you met Jack yesterday?2.谓语动词的强调(1)do/does/did+动词原形。*Do come here this evening.(2)“never+助动词do”

11、也常用来表示强调,一般意为“从来没有,绝不”。【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析类型类型区别区别与主语与主语从句的从句的区别区别强调句型去掉强调句型去掉It is/was和和that之后之后,句子结构句子结构仍然完整仍然完整,而主语从句却不能而主语从句却不能It is there that accidents often happen.(强强调句调句)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句主语从句)类型类型区别区别与定语与定语从句的从句的区别区别强调句中强调句中that没有意义没

12、有意义,且不作任何成分且不作任何成分,而而定语从句中定语从句中that为关系代词为关系代词,在从句中充当主在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语语、宾语或表语It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(强调句强调句)It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句定语从句)类型类型区别区别与时间与时间状语从状语从句的区句的区别别强调句型去掉强调句型去掉It is/was和和that后后,结构完整结构完整,而而It is.when.中中,it指代时间指代时间It was at six ocloc

13、k that I got up today.(强强调句调句)It was six oclock when I got up today.(状状语从句语从句)三、省略句的5种类型1.宾语从句:引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可省略。*He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答语,后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定,宾语从句可省略。*Do y

14、ou think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain).2.定语从句:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that,which,whom充当宾语,而且前面无介词时可省略。*He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday.the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which,the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。*I dont like the way(that/in which)he speaks to others.3.状语从句:当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致

15、或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。*(2014全国卷)When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.4.虚拟语气:在虚拟条件句中,如含有had,were,should,if可省略,句子要用倒装。*Were I(=If I were)twenty now,I would join the army.5.动词不定式:不定式符号to的省略:a.感官动词或使役动词(如fee

16、l,see,hear,notice,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。*I heard someone sing in the next room.b.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.;prefer to do.rather than.等句型中省略to。*He did nothing but wait all the time.不定式省略:a.使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,p

17、refer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。*I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.b.在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。*Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.c.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。*Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.四、祈使句1.否定式:在动词前面加dont。2.强调式:肯

18、定句在其前加do,否定句在其前加never。3.带有主语的祈使句:为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”,有时还可同时加称呼语。五、反意疑问句1.陈述部分含有must:(1)当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问词用neednt;当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问词用must/may。(2)当must表示推测时,其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词。2.陈述部分含有used to:其反意疑问词用usednt或didnt。3.陈述部分含有ought to:其反意疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt。4.陈述部分含

19、有否定词或半否定词:反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。5.陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词:其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式。6.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时:疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致,但如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine等,且主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。六、感叹句1.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3.How+主语+谓语!4.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!5.What+形容词+不可数名

20、词+主语+谓语!6.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!7.What+名词+主语+谓语!【典例剖析】单句填空(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,_(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解题关键:此处make sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry

21、 about是祈使句。答案判定:make【高考题组】单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2016江苏高考)Not until recently _ they encourage the development of tourist-related activitiesin the rural areas.2.(2016天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.Itis at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.3.(2015全国卷)Open the curtains and _(turn)up the lights.didt

22、hatturn4.(2015全国卷)We eat about 22 percent more when _(use)a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.5.(2015天津高考)Its the journey,not the arrival,_ counts.6.(2014全国卷)In reality,its the chair _ does the important work.usingthatthat7.(2015全国卷)Look at everything you still have and are thankful for all o

23、f the good in your life.(改错)_8.(2013湖北高考)Not until then do I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.(改错)_are改为bedo改为did编后语 听课不仅要动脑，还要动口。这样，上课就能够主动接受和吸收知识，把被动的听课变成了一种积极、互动的活动。这对提高我们的学习积极性和口头表达能力，以及考试时回答主观题很有帮助的。实践证明，凡积极举手发言的学生，学习进步特别快。上课的动口，主要有以下几个方式：第一，复述。课本上和老师讲的内容，有些往往非

24、常专业和生硬，不好理解和记忆，我们听课时要试着用自己的话把这些知识说一说。有时用自己的话可能要啰嗦一些，那不要紧，只要明白即可。第二，朗读。老师要求大家朗读课文、单词时一定要出声地读出来。第三，提问。听课时，对经过自己思考过但未听懂的问题可以及时举手请教，对老师的讲解，同学的回答，有不同看法的，也可以提出疑问。这种方法也可以保证自己集中注意力。第四，回答问题。上课时积极回答问题是吸收知识的有效途径。课堂上回答问题要主动大胆。回答时要先想一想“老师提的是什么问题?”，“它和学过的内容有什么联系？”，并先在头脑中理一理思路，想好回答时，先答什么，后答什么。老师对你的回答做出点评和讲解，指出大家都应该注意的问题和标准答案时你一定要仔细听讲，从中发现哪些是应当记住和掌握的。2022-10-26最新中小学教学课件412022-10-26最新中小学教学课件42谢谢欣赏！