高中英语语法填空高考英语二轮复习专题讲解(24张)课件.pptx

1、高考英语专题讲解高考英语专题讲解 语法填空语法填空一、考题分析一、考题分析 语法填空主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础语法填空主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法的能力。上运用语法的能力。主要考察的是主要考察的是:(1)语法和词汇的基本知识语法和词汇的基本知识；(2)上下文连贯性词语的选择上下文连贯性词语的选择；共共10小题，每小题小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇分。在一篇200词左右词左右的短文中留出的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词个适当的单词或所给

2、单词的正确形式。的正确形式。二、命题特点、命题特点 1.命题形式：命题形式：有不给提示词和给提示词两类，其比例通有不给提示词和给提示词两类，其比例通常为常为3:7，仅，仅2016年年卷为卷为4:6。2.答案词数：答案词数：不给提示词的纯空格只能填不给提示词的纯空格只能填1个英语单词，个英语单词，而给提示词的答案可能是而给提示词的答案可能是1个词、个词、2个词，也可能是多个词个词，也可能是多个词。3.纯空格题的考点有：纯空格题的考点有：主要是选择各种词性的词汇，比如有冠词、代词、主要是选择各种词性的词汇，比如有冠词、代词、连词、连词、介词等介词等。4.给提示词题的考点：给提示词题的考点：(1)年

3、年考查谓语动词年年考查谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致等包括时态、语态、主谓一致等)、非谓语动词和词类转换。非谓语动词和词类转换。(2)经常考查名词的复数形式、形容词或副词的比较等级经常考查名词的复数形式、形容词或副词的比较等级，尤其是全国，尤其是全国卷。卷。三、解题技巧三、解题技巧 1.有提示词有提示词:可填词性可填词性:动词、名词、形容动词、名词、形容词和副词。词和副词。若提示词为动词则先要进行两个步骤若提示词为动词则先要进行两个步骤:(1)将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分。(2)标出句子中标出句子中的的动词动词。a.若句中无谓语动词则需考虑若句中无谓

4、语动词则需考虑 时态和语态时态和语态 主谓一致主谓一致 例如：例如：It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.所给动词所给动词arrive前是代词前是代词I，这里，这里arrive应应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态时态，因此这里用过去时态arrived。若提示词为名词，则需考虑若提示词为名词，则需考虑：可数名词或是不可数名词。可数名词或是不可数名词。可数名词单数或复数。可数名词单数或复数。Id skipped nearby Guilin,a

5、 dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).该词前面有限定词该词前面有限定词many,因此用复数形式因此用复数形式paintings。若提示词为形容词副词则需考虑若提示词为形容词副词则需考虑:形容词修饰名词。形容词修饰名词。副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子。副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子。形容词和副词的比较级。形容词和副词的比较级。形容

6、词和副词的形容词和副词的转换。转换。Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.答案与分析答案与分析:cleaner,clean是形容词，后有是形容词，后有than,故用比较级。故用比较级。Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _(slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.答案与分析答案与分

7、析:slowly slow是形容词，但要修是形容词，但要修饰动词短语饰动词短语give out，因此转换为副词，因此转换为副词slowly。2.无提示词无提示词:可填词性可填词性:介词、代词、连词、冠词、情态介词、代词、连词、冠词、情态动词。动词。若若空格空格判断为判断为介词介词则需考虑则需考虑:，介词的基本意思，例如，介词的基本意思，例如:with常考的三常考的三个意思个意思:a.和和，b.用用，c.伴随伴随 固定搭配固定搭配 For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery

8、of the better-known city.答案与分析答案与分析:by by car为固定搭配。为固定搭配。若若空格空格判断为代词则需考虑判断为代词则需考虑:代词指代往向上文看代词指代往向上文看(同时要注意主语单复数及男、同时要注意主语单复数及男、女区别女区别)。当动作发出者和承受者为同一人或物，则使用反身当动作发出者和承受者为同一人或物，则使用反身代词。代词。it做形式主语及形式宾语，并且和可以指天气，时间做形式主语及形式宾语，并且和可以指天气，时间。Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my f

9、riends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.答案与分析答案与分析:it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里里it代替前文提到过的代替前文提到过的Miami。若若空格空格判断为冠词则需考虑判断为冠词则需考虑:定冠词和不定冠词的区别。定冠词和不定冠词的区别。a和和an的区别。的区别。单数可数名词前一定要有冠词。单数可数名词前一定要有冠词。固定搭配。固定搭配。He owned _ farm,which looked almost abandoned.答案与分析

10、答案与分析:a。名词。名词farm前应该有冠词，因前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。若若空格空格判断为连词则需考虑判断为连词则需考虑:(1)，逻辑连接词，逻辑连接词:and,but,or,while(而，却而，却)，when(就在这个时候就在这个时候)等构成并列句。等构成并列句。当句子中出现当句子中出现:句子句子A,_句子句子B。(A、B成分完整成分完整)句子句子A_ 句子句子B(A、B平行平行)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,_ some of them looked ve

11、ry anxious and disappointed.答案与分析答案与分析:and。There were many people waiting at the bus stop是个完整的是个完整的句子，句子，some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.也是个完整的句子，两也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。句之间是并列关系。(2)从句连接词从句连接词:if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从等构成含状语从句的复合句句的

12、复合句 who,which,that,when,where,why等构成等构成含定语从句的复合句。含定语从句的复合句。(这里要提醒的是往这里要提醒的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。)that,if/whether(是否是否)，wh-等构成含名词性等构成含名词性从句的复合句。从句的复合句。句子句子A，_句子句子B(句子句子B 缺往往缺主语、宾语缺往往缺主语、宾语和表语，其中以主语为多和表语，其中以主语为多)，则为非限制性定语从句。，则为非限制性定语从句。句子句子A_句子句子B 或或 _句子句子

13、A，句子，句子B,则则为三大从句。为三大从句。_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.答案与分析答案与分析:Although/Though。这里有两个句子，。这里有两个句子，_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back和和he was wrong.，且两个句子之间没有分，且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。句。As natural

14、architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案与分析答案与分析:how。因为。因为.the Pueblo Indians figured out和和.the adobe walls needed to be.是两套主谓关系，即两个句是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词定是填连词;根据句意，确定填写连词根据句意，确定填写连词h

15、ow。Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案与分析答案与分析:that/which，空格后是定语从句，空格后是定语从句。I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged

16、 for the reservation.答案与分析答案与分析:why四、四、语法填空的能力要求语法填空的能力要求 1.阅读阅读/理解语篇的能力理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力分析句子结构的能力 3.熟练运用语法的能力熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。下层考生来说，难度较大。五、备考策略五、备考策略 1.不断记忆不断记忆,积累词汇积累词汇.语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求求,它不但要求考生认识单词它不但要求考生认识单词,还要求能写出还要求能写出一些要求的单词一些要求

17、的单词.这就要求考生平时不断地这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单词记忆单词,不断地积累词汇不断地积累词汇,千方百计地把我千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去们的词汇量提高上去.考试时才能随心所考试时才能随心所 欲的写出单词欲的写出单词,填出固定搭配填出固定搭配.2.夯实基础夯实基础,学好语法学好语法.英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂,不是不是一朝一夕就能掌握的一朝一夕就能掌握的,它要求我它要求我们平时们平时多听多听,多读多读,多记多记,夯实自己夯实自己的基础知识的基础知识;我们还要坚定不移我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习地加强语法的学习,尤其是长句尤其是长句,难句难句,复杂句的分析复杂句的分

18、析.只有这样只有这样,才才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础基础.六、专题训练六、专题训练语法填空语法填空 1.He must be _(mental)disabled.2.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.3.We drank together and talked_(merry)till far into the night.4.One Sunday morning in August I went to

19、 a local musical festival.I left it early because I had an appointment _(late)that day.5.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.答案1.mentally2.warmly3.merrily4.later5.natural 6.But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her fathe

20、r.7.Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.8.That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like ours,Nick said.9.But such a small thing couldnt_(possible)destroy a village.答案6.choice7.pleased8.reasonable9.possibly10.He spit

21、it out,_(say)it was awful.11.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.12.He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.13.In the beginning,there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always _(

22、think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.14.While she was getting me_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.15.For example,the proverb,plucking up a crop _(help)it grow,is based on the following story.答案答案10saying 11sitting 12wearing 13thinking 14settled 15to helpThanks for watching!See you next time!