高中英语二轮复习-动词不定式详细讲解课件.ppt

1、什么叫非谓语动词？什么叫非谓语动词？1：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓语。语。2.因为不同的因为不同的成份成份必须用不同的必须用不同的词性词性，所，所以做各种成份的以做各种成份的动词动词必须要必须要变化其形式才变化其形式才能做对应的成份能做对应的成份。三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所

2、在之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done;done;to have done/to have been done;having done/having been done不定式不定式:是一种是一种非限定性动词非限定性动词。1.非限定动词非限定动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当是指那些在句中

3、不能单独充当谓语的动词，谓语的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何的任何句子成分句子成分。3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。有其完成式和进行式。一一.基本形式：to+to+动词原形动词原形 二二.其否定形式是其否定形式是:“not/never to donot/never to do”/not do./not do.三三.不定式可以不定式可以带宾语或状语带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，构成不定式短语，没没有人称和数有人称和数的变化。的变化。不定式的构成不定式的构成:肯定：肯定：to+V

4、.原原 或者或者(to)+V.原原 否定：否定：not/never+(to)+V.原原1)He likes to read novels.2)I saw him come.3)We decided not to buy that house.4)It is interesting to fly a kite.5)Please let him not go there.动词不定式的结构动词不定式的结构（2 2）特点）特点 ：A.A.没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为式为 to be +动词过去分词）动词过去分词）B.可以有

5、自己的宾语和状语可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式动词不定式1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned

6、the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补英语博客网英语博客网http:/一.一.结构结构:to do (否定否定)not/never to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not

7、 to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作

8、一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well.(1).主语主语1.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数2.不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.isis三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.It+be+adj

9、.+for/of sb.to do sth.for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/necessary/interesting 等等.）of:adj.多为多为 描述主语的品质特征描述主语的品质特征 （kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish 等等.）作主语作主语It is easy _ her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.offor5、轮到我们打扫教室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。It is our turn_6、To waste ti

10、me is to shorten life.（翻译成中文）（翻译成中文）to clean the classroom.浪费时间就是缩短生命。浪费时间就是缩短生命。练习练习1、主语、主语+be+to do sth 主语多为主语多为 duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job 等等 名词名词 1、My dream is to be a singer.2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.作表语作表语我的梦想是成为一名歌手。我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。他的工作是每天清扫教

11、室。1 1、动词、动词+to do sth.常用动词有：常用动词有：want/wish/like/would like/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise等等 1、I hope to finish it tomorrow.2、She plans to go and teach in the country.作宾语作宾语1、Dont forget _.(关灯关灯)2、I happened _when he called me.（出去）（出

12、去）3、I dont want_.(依赖别人）依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_.(怎样开车）怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护保护)to turn off the lightto go outto depend on othershow to drive a car练习练习to protect1、动词、动词+宾语（宾语（sb./sth.)+to do sth.1、The teacher asked her to answer the question.2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.作宾

13、补作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明 常用动词有：常用动词有：ask,tell,allow,want 等等The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等e.g.I made him do his work.He was made

14、 to do his work(by me).注意注意1 help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示等表示 感觉和感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动（注：被动 语态不省语态不省to）典型例题典型例题 1)-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.

15、to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 答案：答案：D.why not 后面接不带后面接不带to 的不定式，因此的不定式，因此选选D。2)Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning 答案：答案：B.make后接不带后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，用于被动时，to 不可省略。不可省略。3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时

16、,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.1、Let him _ the work at once.(finish/to finish)2、Do you like listening to other people_?(talk/talking/to talk)3、Jim was s

17、een _the room.(enter/to enter)4、Please tell her _here on time.(come/to come)finishtalkto enterto come练习练习5、Ill help you _this problem.(to solve/solve)6、I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh.(改成被动句）改成被动句）(to)solveI wish you to stay with us.We were made to laugh by her st

18、ory.放在被修饰词的后面放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work to do.I want to find something to drink.作定语作定语不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词介词。Im looking for a hotel _.A.stay B.stay at C.to stay D.to stay atD位置位置：I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is no

19、thing to worry about.(5).定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.6.作定语作定语(后置）后置）1.Do you have anything more_ 要说要说?2.She has a lot of work _做做 every day.3.The old man has a house _ 住住.4.She is a nice person_ 共事共事.to say to doto liv

20、e into work with4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗你有什么东西要寄吗I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语（表示目的或结果）（表示目的或结果）in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现(8)(8)“疑

21、问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 1.不定式不定式前前可带可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词等疑问词,这种这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。主语等。例例:He didnt tell me where to go.(直宾直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语宾语)I dont know what to do next.(宾语）宾语）He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语宾语补足语)返返回回注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连

22、用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构关于不定式中的小品词关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id li

23、ke to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.1、习惯于、习惯于be used to _ 被用于被用于be used to _Water is used to _(put)out fires.I am used to _(take)a walk after supper.2、prefer to 比起比起来更喜欢来更喜欢 比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。I prefer _ to _.介词介词 to 与与不定式不定式 to 的区别的区别puttaki

24、ngrunning swimmingdodoingAll I did was to give him some advice.His dream is to travel all over the world.Lucy needs a friend to play with.He was the last guest to arrive.Its interesting to read a science fiction.下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？（表语）（表语）（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（主语）（主语）He was glad to see you.My

25、father offered to buy a computer for me.He interviewed detective Ken to get some information.The doctor asked him to have more fruit and vegetables.（状语）（状语）（宾语）（宾语）（状语）（状语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？1、stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去作另一件事停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth.停止正在作的事停止正在作的事 eg.When the teache

26、r came into the classroom,the students stopped talking.After he worked for an hour,he stopped to have a rest.2、forget/remember to do sth.忘记忘记/记得要去作某事记得要去作某事 forget/remember doing sth.忘记记得曾经做过某事忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg.Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework 同义词比较同义词比较一、常使用动词不定式的

27、短语一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth.Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了该作某事的时候了.2、cant wait to do sth.迫不及待要作某事迫不及待要作某事 3、ask/telle sb.(not)to do sth.要求要求/告诉某人告诉某人(不不)作某事作某事 4、allow sb.to do sth.允许某人作某事允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth.应该作某事应该作某事 6、Would like/want(sb.)to do sth.想要作某事想要作某事 中考重点句型中考重点句型1.My teach

28、er was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being4.The Emper

29、or ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.havi

30、ng turned it off几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making

31、 B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impos

32、sible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making

33、 D.To have made13.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be s

34、tudying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is ce

35、rtainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to bla

36、me for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride h

37、is bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to

38、go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turne

39、d off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全

40、到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the

41、 Olympic.to be repaired at once/immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given 不定式的特殊句型不定式的特殊句型tooto 1)tooto 太太以至于以至于 He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话他太激动了，说不出话来。来。-Can I help you?需要我帮忙吗需要我帮忙吗?-Well,Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,but thank you all the same.不用了。这不用了。

42、这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为为不太不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语谚语)改过不嫌晚。改过不嫌晚。3)当当too 前面有前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常时，意思是：非常 等于等于very。1.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash

43、 D.to be washing 2.Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut 3.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 4.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _by his little sister.A.cry；to cry B.crying；crying C.cry；cry D.to cry；cry 5.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone ABAAATest