Unit 3 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、 forms as attributives,adverbials and object complementsv-in形式形式作作定语定语，状语状语和宾补和宾补时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 doingbeing donehaving done(作状语作状语)having been done(作状语作状语)not+v.ing形式形式现在式现在式完成式完成式否定式否定式主主 动动被被 动动contents 动词动词ing作主语作主语动词动词ing作表语作表语动词动词ing作宾语作宾语动词动词ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语动词动词ing作定语作定语动词动词ing作状语作状语动词动词ing作主语作主

2、语AA.一般形式一般形式Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 3 hours.B.it 作形式主语作形式主语It is no use arguing with him.C.There be 句式句式There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处这样做没有害处动词动词ing作表语作表语AA.动名词（相当于名词）动名词（相当于名词）My favorite sport is swimming.Their job is cleaning the window.B.现在分词（相当于形容词）现在分词（相当于形容词）The food sme

3、lls inviting.The reason he gave was very convincing.这食物闻起来很诱人。这食物闻起来很诱人。他给的理由非常令人信服他给的理由非常令人信服A动词动词/动词短语后动词短语后I suggest doing it in a different way.I practice speaking English every day 我建议用一种不同的方式来做这件事我建议用一种不同的方式来做这件事动词动词ing作宾语作宾语我每天练习说英语我每天练习说英语1.作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词动词可用下面的口语记住可用

4、下面的口语记住:避免错过少延期避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习建议完成多练习(advice,finish,practise)喜欢想象忍不住喜欢想象忍不住(enjoy,imagine,cant help)承认否认与嫉妒承认否认与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)动词动词ing作宾语作宾语2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟英语中有一些动词短语也常跟 v-ing 形式作宾语。常见的跟形式作宾语。常见的跟v-ing 形式作宾语的形式作宾语的动词短语动词短语有有 insist on,object t

5、o,be good at,lead to,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be worth,be busy 等。等。动词动词ing作宾语作宾语He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按自己的方法去做。他坚持要按自己的方法去做。I have never dreamed of visiting that place.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。Stop doing sth 停止做某事停止做某事St

6、op to do sth 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事Remember doing sth 记得做了某事记得做了某事Remember to do sth 记住要去做某事记住要去做某事Forget doing sth 忘记做了某事忘记做了某事Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事后悔做了某事Regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事遗憾要去做某事Try doing sth 试着做某事试着做某事Try to do sth 努力努力/企图做某事企图做某事动词动词ing作宾语作宾语3.有些动词或词组后跟动词有些动词或词组后跟动

7、词-ing形式或不定式都可以形式或不定式都可以，但，但意思不同意思不同。动词动词ing作宾补作宾补01跟在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后，如：跟在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后，如：feel,find,notice,see等。等。I heard someone knocking at the door.02部分动词后可由部分动词后可由as引出动词引出动词ing形式作宾补，如形式作宾补，如regard,treat等。等。They describe the child as being very clever.使役动词及其它一些动词，如：使役动词及其它一些动词，如：keep,set等。后可用动词等。后可用

8、动词ing形形式作宾补。式作宾补。Can you get my watch going again?03你能使我的表再次走起来吗？你能使我的表再次走起来吗？他们说这孩子非常聪明他们说这孩子非常聪明我听到有人敲门我听到有人敲门 动词动词ing作定语作定语01动词动词ing单独作定语（类似于形容词）单独作定语（类似于形容词）waiting room(动名词动名词)a flying bird(现在分词现在分词)02动词动词ing与其他词构成合成词作定语与其他词构成合成词作定语 an easy-going man动词动词ing形式短语形式短语作后置定语作后置定语.A boy waiting for t

9、he busThe people talking there are my friends.03动名词修饰名词时表示该名词的用途动名词修饰名词时表示该名词的用途现在分词修饰名词时表示其性质状态或动作等现在分词修饰名词时表示其性质状态或动作等作定语作定语比较比较动词动词ing表示表示主动或正在进行或习惯性主动或正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成被动或完成意义；不定意义；不定式表示动作式表示动作尚未发生尚未发生。You should adapt to the (change)situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground

10、 is covered with (fall)leaves.地上满是落叶。地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room (live)in.我正在找房子住。我正在找房子住。changingto livefallen动词动词ing作状语作状语0102作时间状语作时间状语 Hearing the noise,I turned round When I heard the noise,I turned round.作原因状语作原因状语Being poor,he couldt afford a TV set.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV

11、 set.听到响声我转过身去。听到响声我转过身去。由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。动词动词ing作状语作状语0304作条件状语作条件状语相当于一个相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。Working hard,youll certainly succeed.If you work hard,youll certainly succeed.作结果状语作结果状语通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The fire lasted whole night,causing gr

12、eat damage.只要努力学习只要努力学习,你肯定会成功的。你肯定会成功的。大火持续了一整夜大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。造成了巨大损失。动词动词ing作状语作状语名师点津名师点津动词动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然自然结果结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus而不定式作结果状语时常表示而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果出乎意料的结果，常用，常用 only to do结构，其被动结构，其被动形式为形式为 only t

13、o be done He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.被雨淋后他感冒了。被雨淋后他感冒了。我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。动词动词ing作状语作状语06作让步状语作让步状语相当于相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 Having being told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.=Al

14、though he had been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.虽然被告知多次了，但他仍然犯同样的错误。虽然被告知多次了，但他仍然犯同样的错误。动词动词ing作状语作状语05作伴随状语作伴随状语动词动词-ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。连词连接的并列谓语。Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading book.=Mary sat by the window of the class

15、room and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as attributivesv-ing 作定语作定语 building materials=drinking water=a walking stick=a reading room=a writing desk=tiring music=materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料 water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a stick for walking 手杖手杖a room for reading 阅览室

16、阅览室a desk for writing 写字台写字台music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐1.单个单个动词动词-ing形式形式作定语，常置于被修饰词作定语，常置于被修饰词之前之前，可表，可表示示被修饰者的作用或功能被修饰者的作用或功能 The experiment was an amazing success.It was an astonishing performance.那项试验是一个那项试验是一个惊人的惊人的成功。成功。这是一场这是一场令人惊讶的令人惊讶的演出。演出。有些动词有些动词-ing形式形式已转化成形容词已转化成形容词，表示，表示“令人令人的的”。常

17、用的此类词有：。常用的此类词有：exciting,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。等。They lived in a room facing the street.The man standing there is Peters father.Anybody swimming in this

18、 river will be fined.=They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。=The man who is standing there is Peters father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。=Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。2.(1)动词动词-ing形式短语形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词作定语，常置于被

19、修饰词之后之后，并且在，并且在意思上相当于一个意思上相当于一个定语从句定语从句。His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.The apple tree,swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。=The apple tree,which was swaying gently in the breeze,

20、had a good crop of fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。2.(2)动词动词-ing形式短语形式短语也可以用作也可以用作非限制定语非限制定语，相当于一个，相当于一个非限非限制性定语从句制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开用逗号分开。3.动词动词-ing形式作形式作定语定语，有被动形式。，有被动形式。动词动词-ing形式形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动形式，即与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动形式，即being done.Being done通常表示正在被做，常做通常表示正在被做，常做后置

21、定语后置定语。The tall building being built now is our new school.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。Fill in the blanks.1.He rushed into the _(burn)house.2.The child _(stand)over there is my brother.3.The room _(face)so

22、uth is our classroom.4.The man,_(talk)to the teacher,is our monitors father.5.Success makes sense to you only when you choose something _(challenge).burningchallengingstandingfacingtalkingFocus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as adverbialsv-ing 作状语作状语 1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he c

23、ouldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相

24、当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the ch

25、air reading a newspaper.时间时间 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way

26、.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.1.Walking in the street,I saw a ta

27、ilors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原

28、因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Stu

29、dying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt aff

30、ord a TV set.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a

31、newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.

32、3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于

33、状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even wor

34、se off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the s

35、treet,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a

36、good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he w

37、as poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will

38、find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.B

39、ecause he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your hea

40、d,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailo

41、rs shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His fat

42、her died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用

43、相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.1.Walking in the street,I saw a

44、 tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式 动词动词-ing形

45、式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.4.If you use you

46、r head,you will find a good way.6.He earns a living by driving a truck.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns

47、 a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式伴随伴随 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His fathe

48、r died and left the family even worse off.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.6.He earns a living by driving a truck.1.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died,leaving the family e

49、ven worse off.4.Using your head,you will find a good way.5.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式伴随伴随 动词动词-ing形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让让步步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并并列句列句。1.Whe

50、n I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.7.He sat in the chair and read a newspaper.6.He earns a