Unit 4 Grammar and usage 情态动词（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、How do you explain modal verbs?情态动词情态动词情感情感态度态度 情态情态动词，即表示人的动词，即表示人的情感和态度情感和态度的动词。的动词。The features of Modal verbs情态动词的特征没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化;其否定形式在后面直接加其否定形式在后面直接加not情态动词后接动词原形情态动词后接动词原形实义动词实义动词及物动词及物动词不及物动不及物动词词系动词系动词虚义动词虚义动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词谓语动词分类吃吃饭饭睡觉睡觉打打豆豆豆豆实义动词豆豆豆豆的故事的故事EatEat dinnerdinnerSleepSlee

2、pBeatBeat Dou DouDou Dou可以独立做谓语动词主系表主系表 They are penguins.主谓宾主谓宾 They beat Dou Dou every day.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 They call a small penguin Dou Dou.主谓宾宾主谓宾宾 They give him a good beat every day.主谓主谓 They eat.They sleep.回想当初回想当初不及物动词不及物动词系动词系动词及物动词及物动词1动词本身意义不完整，需宾语补充。众里寻众里寻她她千百度千百度，暮然回首，那人却在门口小卖部。暮然回首，那人却在门口小卖

3、部。他们吃他们吃饭饭。他们打他们打豆豆豆豆。EatEat dinnerdinnerBeatBeat Dou DouDou DouI have looked for I have looked for herher for a thousand timesfor a thousand times。自身意思完整，无需接宾语。2“双子座”的动词“双子座”的动词 Is she beautiful?Is she beautiful?Does she like me?Does she like me?I have flowers.I have flowers.Will she married me?Wil

4、l she married me?2 2协助协助 动词动词 构成谓语构成谓语1助动词dodoes,diddoesnt,didnthavehashasnt,haventbeis am areisnt,am not,arentwillwouldwont,wouldnt情感和态度情感和态度cancouldmaymightmust should3特征He can climb the wall.后接动词原形一起构成谓语无人称和数的变化（have to除外)He can not get down.否定形式直接在词后加not-1-2-3-She can dance.She could dance when

5、she was a child.能力能力Can/Could you stop chasing me?征求征求意见意见Can/Could you stop chasing me?Certainly/Yes,I can.No,I cant.can/could 的回答can vs.could3Could比can更委婉Could you help me?Can you help me?征求征求意见意见Could是can的过去式I can do better.I could do better.能力能力Cant be不可能是猜测猜测He cant be my brother 猜猜测测-Oh my god

6、!Can it be true?-It cant be ture.canbe able to He pass the exam through studying hard.is able toHe can write.注意：注意：can表示可能性时，含有表示可能性时，含有“有时会有时会”的的意思。意思。如：如：这里的温度有时高达这里的温度有时高达37。The temperature here can be as high as 37.许可猜测愿望may/might3May I take photos here?May I take photos here?Yes,you may.Yes,you

7、 can.No,you cant No,you mustnt.may/might 的回答They may/might be relatives.常与I am not sure/I think连用 May you smile all the time.不妨做某事may/might as well do sth.常用词组积累you may/might as well do the experiment again 你你不妨再做一次实验不妨再做一次实验must3必须猜测禁止I must take care of my hairstyle.I have to take care of my hairs

8、tyle.must主观认为;必须，have to客观被迫;不得不-不用mustnt回答-Must I go to school today?No,you dont have to./neednt./had better not.Yes,you must!must 的回答You mustnt bully your brother.He must have seen the answer.你不能欺负你的弟弟你不能欺负你的弟弟他一定看到了答案。他一定看到了答案。will 与与 would 1)表示习惯性动作（表示习惯性动作（habit），），will 表示现在的习表示现在的习惯，惯，would 表示

9、过去的习惯。表示过去的习惯。如：如：Mary will listen to music for hours in her room.I would take a walk after supper when I was young.2)表示意愿（表示意愿（willingness）。）。如：如：The baby wont go to sleep.3)表示请求（表示请求（request），），would 比比 will 更委婉些更委婉些 Would you give me some advice?注意：注意：used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指

10、后来停止了的动作。于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否否定形式是定形式是 didnt use to 或或 used not to。如：如：I used to have a bicycle,but I sold it.John didnt use to come here.Did Mike use to read newspapers?should 1).表责任或义务，应该，应当表责任或义务，应该，应当You should complete your test in time.你应该按时完成你的测验。你应该按时完成你的测验。周末这条街应该很拥挤。周末这条街应该很拥挤。万一明天我有空，我会来的

11、万一明天我有空，我会来的像他这样的绅士对待女士竟然这么粗鲁像他这样的绅士对待女士竟然这么粗鲁2).表较大可能实现的猜测，推断，意为表较大可能实现的猜测，推断，意为“可能，应该可能，应该”The street should be crowed at weekends.3).表万一表万一 Should I be free tomorrow,I will come4).表意外，表意外，“竟然，居然竟然，居然”A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady.ought to u You are his father.You ought to take car

12、e of him.u You oughtnt to smoke so much.表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），语气比should稍重。你是他的父亲，你应该照顾他。你是他的父亲，你应该照顾他。你不应该抽太多烟你不应该抽太多烟shall1)在疑问句中，表示建议或征求意见。在疑问句中，表示建议或征求意见。如：如：Shall I help you with the box?2)表示承诺或要求。表示承诺或要求。如：如：You shall have the magazine.He shall do as I tell him.3)用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等，表示规定。用于正式文件、法律、

13、规章制度等，表示规定。如：如：Students shall not use calculators during exams.我帮你搬箱子好吗我帮你搬箱子好吗?你将得到这本杂志。你将得到这本杂志。他将按照我告诉他的去做。他将按照我告诉他的去做。学生考试时不得使用计算器。学生考试时不得使用计算器。We need to finish the job before dark.You neednt hurry as theres plenty time left.He dared to travel abroad when he was young.How dare you let your litt

14、le child go out alone?我们必须在天黑前完成这项工作。我们必须在天黑前完成这项工作。你不必着急，还剩下很多时间。你不必着急，还剩下很多时间。他年轻时敢于出国旅行。他年轻时敢于出国旅行。你怎么敢让你的小孩单独出去你怎么敢让你的小孩单独出去?dare(敢于，敢敢于，敢)与与 need（需要）（需要）dare 和和 need 作为情态动词，常用于疑问句和否定句中。同时也可用作为情态动词，常用于疑问句和否定句中。同时也可用作实义动词。作实义动词。实义动词随主语变化，情态动词后接动词原形实义动词随主语变化，情态动词后接动词原形Need I come here tomorrow？Yes

15、,you must.No,you neednt./you dont have to.Need Need 的回答的回答1.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测表示对过去行为的推测,意为意为“一定一定,想必做过想必做过”,语气十分肯定语气十分肯定It must have rained last night,as the ground is wet.情态动词情态动词+have+done的用法的用法昨晚一定下雨了昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。因为地面是湿的。2.could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定的行为表示怀疑

16、或不肯定,其中其中couldnt have done 多用于语气强烈的否定多用于语气强烈的否定,意为意为“过去不可能做过过去不可能做过”could have done在肯定句中是在肯定句中是虚拟语气虚拟语气表示表示“本来能本来能做但却没做做但却没做”Dont worry.They could have just forgotten to call.I saw Mr.Li just now.He couldnt have gone to Beijing.别担心。他们可能只是忘了打电话。别担心。他们可能只是忘了打电话。我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。3.

17、may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测表示对过去行为的推测,意为意为“可能做过可能做过”might 所表示的可能性比较弱所表示的可能性比较弱,此外此外might have done 还可表示还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做本可能做而实际上未做”,含有轻微的责备语气。含有轻微的责备语气。Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work.昨天史密斯也许已经去看过电影了昨天史密斯也许已经去看过

18、电影了你本来可以给他更多的帮助你本来可以给他更多的帮助,尽管你工作很忙。尽管你工作很忙。4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时用于肯定句时,表表示示“本该做某事而实际上未做本该做某事而实际上未做”shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 则表示则表示“不该不该做某事反而做了做某事反而做了”你本来应该进行充分准备的。你本来应该进行充分准备的。You shouldnt have bulled your brother你本不应该欺负你的弟弟你本不应该欺负你的弟弟You should have made full preparations.5.needn

19、t have done表示对过去的虚拟，意为表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本来本来不必做某事而实际上却做了不必做某事而实际上却做了”我实际上不必买这么多食物我实际上不必买这么多食物只有三个人来了。只有三个人来了。I actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came.6.had better have done 用于事后的建议用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻含轻微责备的口吻,意为意为“当时当时最好做了某事最好做了某事”。I had better have started earlier.我要是早点起程就好了。我要是早点起程就好

20、了。7.would rather have done sth.表示表示“宁愿当时做某事宁愿当时做某事”,其否定形式其否定形式 would rather not have done sth.表达相反的含义表达相反的含义,两者都含有两者都含有“后悔后悔”之意。之意。I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。8.would like/love to have done sth.表示表示“过去本打算做某事但未做成过去本打算做某事但未做成”。I would love to have gone to the party l

21、ast night,but I had to finish my report.我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会来我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会来,但我不得不写完报告。但我不得不写完报告。certainty 确定性确定性might may could should ought to will must very uncertain 非常不确定非常不确定almost certain几乎确定几乎确定can could may might permission 许可许可informal/spokenformal/writtenWhat Modal Verbs have we learned?Modal verbs

22、couldmaymightshallshouldhave tomustoughttocanneedModal verbs can be followed by _.You can choose more than one answer for the blank.a do(the base form)b doing(the verb-ing form)c did(the past form)d be done(the passive voice)e be doing(the continuous form)f have done(the perfect form)a d e fRead the

23、 following dialogue and complete the table below it.A:May I ask you a question?B:Yes,please.A:I find it hard to decide what to read.Would you give me some advice?B:Of course,I will.You can ask your teacher,classmates or friends for recommendations,go to bookshops,or read book reviews.A:Great!Thank y

24、ou so much!Suggestion(1)RequestWould you give me some advice?Permission(2)Willingness(3)You can ask your teacherMay I ask you a question?Of course,I will.Make sentencesYou should/ought to You can/could We/I shall Make sentences我能跑的特别快我能跑的特别快I can/could Make sentences must/have to/should/ought to Mak

25、e sentences你可能爱上了我你可能爱上了我You may/might/could/must be/should Conclude the rulesSuggestionshould,ought to,could,should,ought to,could,can,shall can,shallAbilitycan,can,couldcould,Necessitymust,have to,must,have to,should,ought to,should,ought to,Possibilitymay,might,could,should,mustmay,might,could,sh

26、ould,mustB1 For the following groups of three sentences,tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.1 a Can I keep the book for more than two weeks?b Nick can read more in an afternoon than I can in a week!c Can Mary finish War and Peace in a month?aCan in sentence a i

27、s used to ask for permission,while can in sentence b and sentence c is used to express ability.2 a I am afraid I may be unable to finish this novel today.b It may be difficult for people to agree on what good literature is.c You may go to the library tomorrow afternoon,if you have time.cMay in sente

28、nce c is used to express permission,while may in sentence a and sentence b is used to express probability.3 a I must finish writing the book review and hand it in before Wednesday.b You must be tired after three hours reading.c Students must develop the habit of reading classic literature.bMust in s

29、entence b is used to express probability,while must in sentence a and sentence c is used to express necessity.4 a Henry should be reading books in the library.b I have fifty dollarsthat should be enough for three books.c Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabularyyou should try it too

30、.cshould in sentence c is used to express necessity,while should in sentence a and sentence b is used to express probability.B2 Below is an entry in a students reading journal.Complete the entry with the correct modal verbs in the brackets.When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dicken

31、ss A Christmas Carol,I thought,“I(1)_(cant/shouldnt)read this!It(2)_(has to/must)be very boring!”Surprisingly,it turned out the exact opposite.I(3)_(could/might)not stop turning the pages!cantmustcouldThe books main character is Scrooge,a rich but mean old man.He hates all kinds of celebrations.On C

32、hristmas Eve,he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits.In the end,he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes.Then he decides that he(4)_(might/must)change himself.On Christmas morning,he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner.He also tries to mak

33、e his family and friends happy by spending time with them.mustadj.吝啬的，小气的；吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的不善良的，刻薄的n.火鸡；火鸡肉火鸡；火鸡肉There is something that(5)_(can/must)be learnt from A Christmas Carol:we(6)_(should/may)treat others with kindness,generosity and love.I think everyone(7)_(would/ought to)read this book.canshouldought ton.慷慨，大方，慷慨，大方，宽宏大量宽宏大量