Unit 2 Out of this world 单元词汇详解（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修三Unit 2 Out of this world1 astronaut/strnt/n.宇航员，航天员（16）【原句背诵】Living in space is every would-be astronauts dream.【联想拓展】astronomy n.天文学astronomer n.天文学家astronomical adj.天文的，天文学的；极大的【经典例句】Shenzhou XIII carried three Chinese astronauts aloft.神州十三号运载了三名中国宇航员升空。2 gravity/rvti/n.重力，地球引力；严重性

2、；严肃（16）【原句背诵】I bet you would love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earththe low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!【联想拓展】Newtons law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律the law of gravity 物万有引力定律absolute gravity 绝对重力；绝对比重zero gravity 失重；无重力，零重力【经典例句】Arrows

3、 would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity,which brings them down to earth.要不是重力使箭掉落地上，它将会一直沿直线向前飞行。I dont think you realise the gravity of the situation.我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence.处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。They were asked

4、to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law.他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有的严肃态度。【误区】多关注gravity作为“严重性；严肃”意义时的用法。【链接高考】（2019全国卷II）For the past two years,Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).在过去的两年里，戈登的学生们一直在研究在零

5、重力下杀死细菌的方法，他们认为已经接近解决方案了。3 absence/bsns/n.缺乏，不存在；缺席（16）4*float/flt/vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流（16）【原句背诵】Due to the near absence of gravity in space,we have to attach ourselves so that we dont float around.【联想拓展】absence of 缺乏in the absence of 缺乏，不存在；无时，缺少时in absence of 缺乏absence of mind 心不在焉in absence 当不在的

6、时候；缺席absence from 缺席；不在absent /bsnt/adj.缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的be absent from 缺勤；缺席【反义词】absence的反义词是presence（出席，在场；存在）。The presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on temperature.云的有无对气温会产生重要影响。【经典例句】The decision was made in my absence(=while I was not there).这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。We d

7、id not receive any news during his long absence.我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills floating in the water

8、.他们注意到水中漂浮着一些50和20美元的纸币。Its below freezing and small icebergs are floating by.气温在冰点以下，一座座小冰山正漂过。There wasnt enough water to float the ship.水不够深，船浮动不起来。【链接高考】（2017全国卷III）In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.在没有狼的情况下，土狼的数量也迅速增长。（2014湖南卷）What I failed to expect was that several

9、 students were absent,which threw off my estimate.我没有料到的是，有几个学生缺席了，这打乱了我的估计。5 cupboard/kbd/n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜（16）6 ceiling sil/n.天花板；上限（16）【原句背诵】We usually sleep in private quarters,which are more like large cupboards,or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.【联系拓展】a large room with a high ce

10、iling 屋顶很高的大房间price ceilings 最高限价【经典例句】She lay on her back staring up at the ceiling.她仰卧着凝视天花板。The rooms were spacious,with tall windows and high ceilings.房间很宽敞，且窗户和屋顶都很高。【熟词生义】关注ceiling作“上限”的用法。The company passed an informal agreement to put a ceiling on salaries.公司通过一项规定工资上限的非正式协议。【链接高考】（2018全国卷I）

11、The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.房间的颜色主要取决于墙壁、天花板和地板。（2018天津卷）A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.你房间的天花板上有一个烟雾探测器。一些建筑的天花板上也有热探测器。（2015天津卷）Items that are not allowed in student rooms inc

12、lude:candles,ceiling fans,fireworks,waterbeds,sun lamps and wireless routers.学生宿舍禁止携带的物品包括：蜡烛、吊扇、烟花、水床、日光灯和无线路由器。7 bother/b(r)/vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n.麻烦，困难（16）【原句背诵】Its strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds dont bother us any more.【联想拓

13、展】dont bother 不用麻烦了；不打扰了bother about 烦恼bother with 为而费心，为操心；用打扰cant be bothered 不想出力，不愿找麻烦bother to do sth 费心去做某事【经典例句】He failed his exams and didnt bother about the resits.他考试没有通过，却没有为补考而感到烦恼。He didnt even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至都没通知我他要来。I dont want to bother her with my problems at

14、 the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。（2014江西卷）Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.有时，他被限制在水下的笼子里，但这并不妨碍他。8 occupy/kjupa/vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于（16）【原句背诵】The routine tasks

15、 that occupy most of the day are demanding,but they can also be extremely rewarding.【联想拓展】occupy in 从事occupy sb/sth/oneself(in doing sth/with sb/sth)使忙于（做某事）；忙着（做某事）be occupied in doing sth/with sth/sb 忙于做某事occupation n.工作，职业；消遣，业余活动；（尤指军队的）占领，控制；（房屋等地方的）居住，使用【经典例句】How much memory does the program o

16、ccupy?这个程序占用多少内存？The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.叛军已占领了首都。Many men still occupy more positions of power than women.许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。She occupied herself with routine office tasks.她忙于办公室的日常工作。I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业

17、。【链接高考】（2020天津卷）It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.它鼓励我们占据我们自己的小角落，避免愚蠢地跳到黑暗中去，获得满足。（2012浙江卷）As global temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate(迁徙)to higher ground but they already occupy the mountaintops.随着全球气温上升，它们会自然地迁移到更高的地

18、方，但它们已经占据了山顶。（2021天津卷）Society pushes us to specialize,to become experts.This requires commitment to a particular occupation,branch of study or research.社会推动我们专业化，成为专家。这需要对特定的职业、学习或研究做到全身心投入。9 mission/mn/n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务（16）【原句背诵】Our main mission is to conduct scientific research.【联想拓展】a trade

19、mission to China 赴华贸易使命a fact-finding mission 核查事实的工作a mercy mission to aid homeless refugees 帮助无家可归的难民的慈善工作【经典例句】He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.他把保护弱者不受坏人伤害看作自己一生的使命。The space shuttle returned safely today from a 90-day mission.航天飞机在为期90天的任务之后于今日平安返回。The successf

20、ul mission marked the crowning moment for the space programme.这个成功使命标志了太空计划的最伟大时刻。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）Feb 24:The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.2月24日，中国-世界卫生组织新冠肺炎联合考察团在北京举行新闻发布会。（2015天津卷）Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic

21、mission of the University.住宅建筑必须保持一种氛围，支持大学的学术使命。10 evaluate /vljuet/vt.评估，估计，评价（16）【原句背诵】We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.【联想拓展】evaluation/vljuen/n.CU 评价，评估，估计an evaluation of the health care system 对医疗制度的评价evaluative/vljutv/adj.可评价的【经典例句】Our research attempts to

22、 evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester.许多学生被要求在学期结束时评价他们的教授。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）The popularization of emotional intellige

23、nce has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及它们如何在日常生活中为人们提供适应性服务。（2019天津卷）February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.Students then have an o

24、pportunity to improve their products.2月19日：由教师组成的委员会将对材料进行评估并给出意见。这样学生就有机会改进他们的产品。11 creature/krit(r)/n.动物，生物；人（16）12 mosquito n.(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子（16）【原句背诵】Creatures such as mice,fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station!【经典例句】Every creature on the earth should be treated a

25、s an equal member of the nature and be protected.地球上的每个生物都应被视为自然界平等的一员，并受到保护。Jesse is a creature of habit and always eats breakfast.杰西是按习惯行事的人，每天都吃早餐。【误区】mosquito的复数可以在词尾加s或es。13 microscope/makrskp/n.显微镜（16）【参考词条32】【原句背诵】In a low-gravity environment,we can learn more about changes in cells and micro

26、organisms under the microscope.【联想拓展】microbiology n.微生物学microcomputer n.微型计算机microfiber n.超细纤维microchip n.微芯片microorganism n.微生物microphone n.麦克风；话筒；扬声器【反义词】telescope n.望远镜14 cast new light on 使进一步了解（16）【原句背诵】Hopefully,it will cast new light on the Earths climate and lead to better lightning protecti

27、on.【联想拓展】bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发cast/shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露bring to light 揭露；发现；公开in(the)light of sth 考虑到；鉴于【经典例句】A new approach offers an answer,and may cast/shed light on an even bigger question.一种新方法提供一个答案，而且可能阐明更大的问题。Recent research has thrown new

28、light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。New evidence has recently come to light.新的证据最近已披露出来。【链接高考】（2016浙江卷）Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.将儿童发展视为一项科学调查，有助

29、于了解儿童是如何学习的，但它也为科学和科学家提供了一个鼓舞人心的视角。15 maintenance/mentnns/n.维护，保养；维持，保持（16）【原句背诵】With so much going on,the space station needs a lot of maintenance,so we constantly check support system and do some cleaning.【联想拓展】daily/routine maintenance 日常保养，日常维护operation and maintenance 使用和维护repair and maintenanc

30、e 检修；修理和维护the maintenance of international peace 维护世界和平【经典例句】The school pays for heating and the maintenance of the buildings.学校负担这些大楼的供热和维修费用。The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance.那窗户在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。【链接高考】（2018北京卷）The first commercially available driverless cars will alm

31、ost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，几乎可以肯定，首批商用无人驾驶汽车将配备叫车服务。16 circumstance /skmstns/n.条件，状况 (circumstances)境况，（尤指）经济状况（17）in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此（17）【原句

32、背诵】The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station,such as testing new equipment,monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances,its time for a spacewalk.【联想拓展】under the circumstances 在这种情况下under certain circumstance

33、s adv.在某种情况下in/under no circumstances 决不；在任何情况下都不【经典例句】In every moment and every circumstance,you can choose to have fuller,richer life by setting a clear intention.在任何时刻、在任何情况下，你都可以通过设定一个明确的目标来选择更充实、更丰富的生活。The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取

34、消这项协议的权利。Under the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。【误区】in/under no circumstances放在句首时，句子要用倒装结构。Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。【链接高考】（2015福建卷）Whatever our circumstances,we generally still have dreams,hopes

35、 and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.无论我们身处何种环境，我们通常都有梦想、希望和欲望我们自己和所爱的人想要更多的东西。（2015天津卷）On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.另一方面，每当

36、我由于勇气或环境的强迫而跳入深水时，我总是能够游泳，直到我重新站在地面上。（2012江西卷）“Its an experimental model,”his father had explained,“so dont touch it under any circumstances.”“这是一个实验模型，”他父亲解释说，“所以在任何情况下都不要碰它。”17 exposure /ksp(r)/n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道（17）18 radiation/redien/n.辐射，放射线（17）【原句背诵】First,we put on our spacesuits,which allow us to

37、breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.【联想拓展】prolonged exposure to harmful radiation 长时间接触有害辐射the exposure of illegal currency deals 对非法交易货币的揭露expose vt.揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示expose sb/sth/oneself(to sth)使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）expose sb to sth 使接触；使体验be exposed to接触，体验【误区】在expose sb to

38、 sth和be exposed to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。【经典例句】Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children.人们一直认为，接触大自然对儿童的大脑发育是必要的。精选例句Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.暴

39、露在日光下会加快老化过程。My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.我作为记者的职责就是展示事实。He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。They

40、suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation.他们受健康问题的困扰，还担心遭受辐射造成的长期影响。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）“To us,the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans,which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions,and this exposure has provi

41、ded them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them,”Muller said.穆勒说:“对我们来说，最有可能的解释似乎是，这一现象的根源在于它们与人类生活在一起，这让它们接触了很多人类的面部表情，这种接触给了它们很多机会来学习区分他们。”（2013天津卷）They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.他们担心睡觉时接触光线会增加患癌症的几率。（2014广西卷）“Becau

42、se I am Chinese,my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture.”she says.“因为我是中国人，我丈夫和我想让孩子们多接触中国的语言和文化。”她说。19 visible/vzbl/adj.看得见的；明显的（17）【原句背诵】Then we head out,and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time,with the beautiful Earth visible below.【联想拓展】visibil

43、ity n.能见度，可见性；能见距离；明显性vision n.视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力【反义词】invisible adj.看不见的，隐形的【经典例句】The house is clearly visible from the beach.从海滩可以清楚地看到那所房子。He showed no visible sign of emotion.他丝毫不露声色。Most stars are not visible to the naked eye.大多数星星肉眼看不见。The most visible sign of the intensity of the crisis is unempl

44、oyment.危机加剧的最明显迹象是失业情况。【链接高考】（2014浙江卷）They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.他们还会让别人看到他们的手放在桌子上，胳膊肘远离桌子。吃完你盘子里的食物是有礼貌的。（2012江苏卷）Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物)and other materials that begi

45、n to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV,紫外线)or visible light.But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light,which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin,where the light can reach the capsule.世界各地的研究人员已经研发出聚合物和其他材料，当它们吸收紫外线或可见光时，就会开始分解。但组织也很容易吸收紫外线和可见光，这意味着药物释

46、放只能在皮肤附近触发，在那里光线可以到达胶囊。（2012天津卷）*Lights Always have a front headlight-visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike.车灯：总是有一个前灯在自行车前至少500英尺可见。20 in view of 鉴于，考虑到（17）【原句背诵】In view of the low-gravity environment,eating is also different in space.【联想拓展】to have different/conflicting/opposing views 有不同的

47、矛盾的相反的观点in view 在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标point of view 观点；见地；立场in the view of 按照的观点in my view 在我看来；我认为come into view 看得见，进入视野view as 认为是；把看作in light of 根据；鉴于；从观点considering that 鉴于，考虑到；就而论given that 考虑到；假定【经典例句】In view of the weather,the event will now be held indoors.由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。In view of the fact

48、that Hobson was not a trained economist his achievements were remarkable.鉴于霍布森非科班出身的经济学家这一事实，他的成就是很了不起的。The debate here will be limited in two main respects in view of the time available.鉴于时间有限，这场辩论将被限制在两个主要方面上。In view of the present situation,well have to revise our original plan.基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来

49、的计划。【链接高考】（2014江西卷）Nevertheless,we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view.然而，我们决不能犯只从一个角度分析进展的错误。（2012江苏卷）The students didnt always read from the expected point of view.学生们并不总是按照预期的观点阅读。21 luxury /lkri/n.不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢饰品（17）【原句背诵】Its a luxury to eat fresh food,b

50、ecause fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.【联想拓展】to lead a life of luxury 过奢侈的生活a luxury hotel 豪华酒店luxury goods 奢侈品luxurious adj.奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的；特级的luxuriant adj.繁茂的，浓密的；丰富的，肥沃的，奢华的luxuriate vi.沉溺；繁茂；生活奢侈【经典例句】It was