中考英语专题复习阅读理解专题课件.ppt

1、猜词析义题的解题技巧为：(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year.从所下的定义a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society.我们都知道us

2、e的意思是“使用”，mis是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely.从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in

3、phonetics，the study of the sounds of language.由phonetics的同位语从句the study of the sounds of language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。(6)根据因果关系来猜测。如：She felt grieved，for her parents both died weeks ago.由该词后的原因状语从句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。(7)根据上下文线索猜测。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉)t

4、o weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken知道是：运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道：这位运动员再也无法做运动了，可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。2.细节理解题此类题就是我们常见的wh题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在

5、理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry.上文提到了girls from rich families were married to their h

6、usbands来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。通常以下列形式出现：Which of the following is TRUE？Which of the following is NOT true？Which of the following is WRONG？From the passage we know .细节理解题的解题技巧为：(1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现

7、象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。推理判断题的解题技巧为：(1)推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理地判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。3.推理判断题此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can you infe

8、r from the passage？主旨大意题的解题技巧为：(1)首先要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。(2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。4.主旨大意题此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现：The main idea of the passage is.The passage is about.What is the best title of the passage？Whats the wr

9、iters purpose of writing this article？Which may be the best title for the passage？5.结构顺序题常见提问方式：How is the passage organized？Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？The author develops the passage mainly by.(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了

10、文章的中心。(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。【典例分析】(2018宁波)In our culture，the ability to make ones own decisions is important.John F.Kennedys quote(引语)“Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought.”shows an unpleasant truth.Much of wha

11、t we know and believe has been taught to us by others，and we often accept this information without spending much time thinking it over for ourselves.结构顺序题的解题技巧为：(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯

12、，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet.Some people believe whatever they read and then share the story without thinking about the facts.All it takes is one quick click(点击)of the“share”button，and the story trav

13、els on its way to influence even more unthinking readers.This can cause serious problems.In todays world，we are being presented with information，ideas and beliefs，but many of them are against each other.Psychology(心理学)tells us that if we hear an idea enough times，or if it comes from someone we respe

14、ct(尊敬)，we will probably believe that idea.In these cases，we base our opinions on the opinions of others.If each of us does not think about this information for ourselves and come to our own conclusions，we will become nothing more than parrots(鹦鹉)quoting the opinions of others.1.Whats the purpose of

15、this passage？A.To describe how Internet news spreads.B.To explain why people dont have their own opinions.C.To tell people that they should have their own thoughts.D.To warn people not to believe other peoples ideas.If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear，and form our own o

16、pinions，we will be more thoughtful，more independent，and more creative people，but few take that time.Yet we need not lose heart over this bad habit.In fact，simply becoming aware(意识到)of it is the first step towards correcting it.Once we become aware that we tend(趋向)to hold opinions and beliefs without

17、 thinking them through，we can change that pattern of behaviour.Hopefully，we can learn to experience and enjoy the“discomfort of thought”and form our own opinions.4.We can probably find this passage in a book about.A.history B.educationC.sports D.languages2.The underlined word“fake”in Paragraph 4 pro

18、bably means_.A.untrueB.unhappy C.unfair D.unusual3.How can we have our own opinions according to the passage？A.By spreading the information we receive.B.By learning more about psychology.C.By quoting others opinions like parrots.D.By thinking about what we read and hear.2.A句意第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不真实

19、的”。A.不真实的；B.不高兴的；C.不公平的；D.不寻常的。原文Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet.(在互联网上可以随处看到传播虚假新闻的例子。)，从后面可以看出人们会轻易相信并转发，不考虑事实情况(without thinking about the facts)，造成严重的问题(serious problems)，说明传播的是“虚假新闻”，故选A。【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培养独立思考意识的重要性。1.C句意这篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互联

20、网新闻如何传播；B.解释人们为什么没有自己的观点；C.告诉人们他们应该有自己的想法；D.警告人们不要相信别人的想法。原文In our culture，the ability to make ones own decisions is important.(在我们的文化中，能做出自己的决定的能力很重要。)这一句说明了“独立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故选C。4.B句意我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章。A.历史；B.教育；C.运动；D.语言。这篇文章讨论的是具有独立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建议，很有“教育意义”，可以说这篇文章来自一本教育类书籍，故选B。3.D句意根据这篇文

21、章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A.通过传播我们收到的信息；B.通过更多地了解心理学；C.通过像鹦鹉一样引用别人的观点；D.通过思考我们阅读到的和听到的内容。原文If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear，and form our own opinions，we will be more thoughtful，more independent，and more creative people(如果我们暂时停下来思考我们阅读和听到的内容，并形成自己的观点，我们将更有思想、更独立、更有创造力)，这里作者就“如何

22、得出自己的观点”提出了自己的建议，故选D。“The are going to fall on the railway line，”Phyllis said.“Therell be an accident if the train hits them.We must stop the next train.”“How do we do that？”Peter said.“The next train is arriving at 11：29.Thats in five minutes.And the train is only about fifteen kilometres away.”“We

23、 can run towards the train and wave to the driver，”Phyllis said.A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟)When the three children arrived at the tunnel，they looked up at the trees above it.“Whats happening？”Peter said.“Look at the trees.Theyre moving.”He was right.The trees were sliding down the hill.“Its a landslide，”Rob

24、erta said.“There has been a lot of rain.The earth is soft.It is moving and bringing the trees with it.”Phyllis tore strips from the bottom of her petticoat.“We need sticks to tie the strips to，”Peter said.The children ran to a nearby tree.With his knife，Peter cut off three thin branches.He tied each

25、 of the strips of red petticoat to one of the branches.“Now we have red flags，”he said.“When we wave these，the engine driver will know something is wrong.He will stop the train and ask us what the matter is.”“He wont think there is anything wrong，”Roberta said.“We always wave to him.”“We need someth

26、ing red to wave，”Peter said.“Red is for danger.”“My petticoat is red，”Phyllis said.“Ill tear pieces off.”“Mother will be angry if you do that，”Roberta said.“Petticoats are expensive.”“People may die if there is an accident，”Peter said.“Petticoats arent important.”The engine driver saw the red flags

27、and the children.He knew something was wrong.He stopped the train.Peter and Phyllis ran towards the engine.They shouted to the driver that there were trees on the line.The engine driver climbed down from his engine.He hurried to where Roberta way lying on the ground in a faint.He picked her up and c

28、arried her to the train and put her in a comfortable carriage.From the Railway ChildrenThe children ran through the tunnel and waited at the other side for the train to come.They had to wait for a long time.Peter thought the watch must be wrong，but it was the train that was late.Then，the train arriv

29、ed.The children waved their flags.Roberta was so excited that she fainted(晕).()2.What was the danger according to Phyllis？A.The train was running too fast.B.There would be a train accident.C.The children were walking on the railway.D.The landslide was coming to an end.B()1.How did the landslide come

30、 into being？A.The earth was too thin to hold the trees.B.The heavy rain washed the earth away.C.The moving train shook the earth down.D.People cut down many trees on the hill.B()4.What would happen to Roberta in the end？A.She remained fainted.B.She forgot everything.C.Her mother beat her hard.D.She

31、came back to life.D()3.What does Peter mean by saying“Petticoats arent important？”A.That kind of coats arent popular.B.That kind of coats arent expensive.C.Peoples lives are more important.D.Children dont need expensive coats.CAccording to BBC News，the worlds last surviving male northern white rhino

32、，named Sudan，died in Kenya at the age of 45 on March 19,2018.His death means there are only two femaleshis daughter and granddaughterremaining in the world.B(原创)There are more than seven billion people on the Earth，so its hard to imagine only having one other of your kind to keep you company(陪伴).But

33、 sadly，for the white rhinos，this situation recently turned into reality(现实).()4.If the northern white rhinos completely disappear from the Earth，then.A.we will simply lose one kind of animalB.there will be less space for animals to liveC.new kind of animals will be foundD.the ecosystem of our planet

34、 will be influencedDWhy is the white rhino so important？The answer is down to biodiversity(生物多样性).According to National Geographic，“All species are connected.They depend on one another.With less biodiversity，these connections become weaker and sometimes broken，harming all the species in the ecosyste

35、m(生态系统).”Luckily，efforts are being made to save the white rhino with the help of new technologies.BBC News reported that by 2050,30 to 50 percent of all the worlds species(物种)could be heading towards extinction.“It is human activity that speeds up the extinction，”it wrote.For example，as the World Wi

36、ldlife Fund noted，the population of northern white rhinos in Africa was largely reduced because of the hunting problem in the 1970s and 1980s.And by turning forests and grasslands into roads and buildings，humans further drove these animals away from their natural home.()3.Which of the following huma

37、n activities speed up the extinction of species？Building roads in forests.Cutting down trees for modern industries.Planting bushes in deserts.Burning grasslands for house building.A.B.C.D.B()1.How many northern white rhinos were there in the world in 2017？A.Only one.B.Two.C.Three.C.Four.()2.Which word does the underlined part in the first paragraph remind you of？A.Alone.B.Single.C.Lonely.D.Absent.CC