高考一轮复习定语从句(最完整+高考题)课件.ppt

1、高考复习：定语从句高考复习：定语从句附高考真题附高考真题1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?2)The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan.3)He told me the date when he joined the League.4)The place where he lives is far away from here.总结句型：总结句型：定语从句：定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行

2、词后面。语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?2)The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan.3)Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday?关系词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。分为分为关系代词关系副词Do you know the man who/that is

3、 standing over there?The place where he lives is far away from here.1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的关系词的3个作用：个作用：1)Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?2)The girl(that/who/whom)we were talking about is Joan.3)Did you see the pen(that/which)I lost yesterda

4、y?4)He told me the date when/on which he joined the League.5)The place where/in which he lives is far away from here.分析关系词在定语从句中的作用分析关系词在定语从句中的作用 指人指人 作主语作主语 指人指人 作宾语（可省）作宾语（可省）指物指物 作宾语（可省）作宾语（可省）指时间指时间 作状语作状语 指地点指地点 作状语作状语6)Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late?7)Who is the person w

5、hose handwriting is the best?指原因指原因 作状语作状语指人指人 作定语作定语主语宾语定语that/whothat/who(m)whosethat/which关系代词的用法小结关系代词的用法小结whose指人的关系指人的关系代词代词指物的关系指物的关系代词代词可省略主语宾语定语that/which可省略关系副词的用法小结关系副词的用法小结when wherewhy表示地点，表示地点，在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语表示原因，表示原因，在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语表示时间表示时间，在从句，在从句中作时间中作时间状语状语1.是吗？是吗？2.人人/物？物？3.

6、缺吗？缺吗？定语从句三步法：定语从句三步法：1.Do you still remember the farm _ we visited three months ago?2.Do you still remember the farm _ we lived for three month?(that/which)where3.Do you still remember the day _ we spend together?4.Do you still remember the day _ we studied together?(that/which)when高考题高考题基础篇基础篇1.(2

7、013山东高考山东高考)Finally he reached a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom【解析解析】选选C。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:最后他到达最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。island后面是一个后面是一个定语从句定语从句,修饰修饰island,并且从句中缺少主语并且从句中缺少主语,同时同时指物指物,所以选所以选C。而。而A项项when及及B项项where在定语从在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语句

8、中分别作时间及地点状语;D项项whom只能指人只能指人,在定语从句中作宾语。在定语从句中作宾语。2.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to thoseare good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.Which【解析解析】选选B。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:幸福与成功幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语且在从句中作主语,符合符合题目

9、结构。题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。结构中。3.(2013福建高考福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.Which【解析解析】选选A。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知。由句式结构可知t

10、hose后为定语从句后为定语从句,先行词是先行词是those,空格处在从句中作空格处在从句中作lives的定语的定语,故用关系词故用关系词whose。（2014湖南卷）湖南卷）4.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A.as B.why C.when D.where C5.(2012浙江高考浙江高考)We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than eve

11、r before.A.why B.whenC.to whomD.on which【解析解析】选选B。考查关系副词。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句引导的定语从句。句意。句意:我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。时代。when引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语,修修饰先行词饰先行词an age(时代时代),此处的此处的when=in which。故。故选选B。（2014山东卷）山东卷）6.A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunit

12、ies abroad.A.which B.whose C.who D.why BThis is the machine on _ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.whichwhom用适当的关系词填空：用适当的关系词填空：1 1）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配；配；-What were the things _ which he was not so sure?-This is the camera _ whi

13、ch I spent 6 yuan.2 2）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；搭配；-The speed _ which you drive your car mustnt be too high.介词关系代词引导的定语从句中介词关系代词引导的定语从句中,介介词词如何选择如何选择?aboutaton 3 3）、可以通过句子的整体含义）、可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实结合生活实际来判断。际来判断。China has many rivers,_ which the Yangtze River is the longest.of/amon

14、gHe made a hole in the wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.through (2010上海，上海，38）Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from whichCA man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital a

15、round _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A.that B.which C.where D.whatC限制性定语从句之特殊情况限制性定语从句之特殊情况1.只用只用that,不用不用which2.只用只用as3.只用只用where的抽象地点名词的抽象地点名词4.way 引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法参照参照P20-“坑坑”高考题高考题“坑坑”你没商量篇你没商量篇（2014陕西卷）陕西卷）1.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for

16、 the position.A.that B.which C.as D.whatA（2014重庆卷重庆卷）2.Well reach the sales targets in a month _we set at at the beginning of the year.A.which B.where C.when D.whatA3.(2013江西高考江西高考)He wrote a letterhe explained what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.which C.where D.howC（2014江苏卷）江苏卷）4.The book has

17、 helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work_ a good impression is a must.A.which B.when C.as D.where在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在需在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。要有良好印象的工作之中。D4.(2012重庆高考重庆高考)Sales director is a position_communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.whichB.

18、thatC.when D.where【解析解析】选选D。考查关系副词。考查关系副词where引导的定语从引导的定语从句。句意句。句意:销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。等重要的职位。“position”为先行词为先行词,后面是其定后面是其定语从句语从句,关系词在从句中作的是地点状语关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,因此因此,应应该使用关系副词该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此来引导定语从句。因此,正确答案为正确答案为D选项。选项。5.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said

19、 it.（湖北）（湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way whichA1.David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A.that B.who C.as D.whom2.David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A.that B.who C.as D.whom3.It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A.like B.that C.which D

20、.asCADWe showed great pity to the poor old man,forlife was hard in the past.A.whomB.whoseC.who D.that【解析解析】选选A。考查定语从句。介词。考查定语从句。介词+关系代词关系代词,for whom=for the poor old man。非限制性定语从句1.有“，”2.不用that3.which可代指整个主句(2012 陕西卷陕西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race,which has surprised us all.在非限制性定语

21、从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，时，只能用宾格只能用宾格whom;不能用不能用who替换，替换，也不能省也不能省略略。Do you know Tom,whom we talked about?你认识汤姆吗你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。我们谈到过他。This book,which you can get at any bookshop,will give you all the information you need.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。一家书店都能买到。高考题高考题基础篇

22、基础篇【2014北京卷北京卷】1.I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,_ my classmates recommended to me.A.who B.which C.when D.WhereB2.(2012北京高考北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work,he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.that B.whichC.whereD.when【解析解析】选选B。考查。考查which引导的非限制性定语

23、从引导的非限制性定语从句。句意句。句意:每当他沉迷于工作中每当他沉迷于工作中,就会废寝忘食就会废寝忘食,而而他常常如此。他常常如此。which在从句中作表语在从句中作表语,代指上面的代指上面的情况情况,故选故选B。3.(2012浙江高考浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.whichB.whoC.where D.whom【解析解析】选选B。考查。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句。句意。句意:埃伦是一位画鸟和

24、自然的画家埃伦是一位画鸟和自然的画家,由于某种由于某种原因原因,已经过起了遁世生活。已经过起了遁世生活。who引导非限制性定引导非限制性定语从句语从句,who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,修饰先行词修饰先行词Ellen(人人名名)。故选。故选B。非限制性定语从句中的非限制性定语从句中的ASHe opposed the idea,as could be expected.As we all know,he studies very hard.Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.与与which 的区别？的区别？1、which 引导非

25、限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。从句只能置于句尾。The decision was right,which was exactly what he wanted.2、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match,which I watched yesterday,is very interesting.3、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，引导非

26、限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语为实义动词时。从句的谓语为实义动词时。That things improved,which astonished me.4、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He was married again,which was unexpected.：as is well known/is known to allas has been said beforeas has been already pointed outas we

27、all can seeas is expected/hoped/supposed,.as is often the caseas引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.(2006 天津天津)A.what B.that C.how D.asD _ is known t

28、o everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What BD名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women.2.The book contains 5

29、0 poems,and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence,and the meaning of it I dont understand.The committee consists of 20 members,5 of whom are women.The book contains 50 poems,most of which were written in 1930s.I have a sentence,the meaning of which I dont understand.Rewrite the foll

30、owing sentenceswhose表示所属关系表示所属关系There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.(多选多选)A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose1.考查考查表示所属关系的表示所属关系的of which/whom。*(2011江西高考江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of wh

31、ich had taken more than three years.2.考查表示考查表示整体与部分关系的整体与部分关系的of which/whom。*The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.（2014天津卷）天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,_ uses it differently.A.all of which B.each of which C.all of them D.each of

32、them句义：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的句义：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样语言，每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。的。B(2012四川高考四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of themC1.The factory was built in a secret place,around _ high mountains.A.which was B.it was C.which were D.the

33、m were CA man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A.that B.which C.where D.whatC2.The murder happened in an old building,beside _ the city police station.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 3.Next month well move

34、to a new building,next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are CC定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1.Dont choose me，who _(be)not qualified for this job2.Anyone who _(have)questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.amhas1)He is the only one of

35、the students who _(be)here just now.2)He is one of the students who _(be)here just now.3)Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals that_ noted for its busy harbor布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。国家首都。waswereis定语从句与其他句式的对比辨析定语从句与其他句式的对比辨析（1）He asked a lot of questions,none of _ was easy

36、 to answer.A.which B.them C.what D.that（2）He asked a lot of questions,and none of _ was easy to answer.A.them B.which C.what D.thatAA1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句1.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.That2.They put forward a lot of plans at

37、 the meeting,none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.That3.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,but none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.thatBBA On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents seated together joking

38、.A.their B.whose C.which D.ThatIf you promise to go with us,_ will be OK.A.as B.which C.and it D.thatAD2.定语从句与强调句的区别定语从句与强调句的区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.which D.th

39、ereBAC1.“How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?”“Totally by chance.”A.it that B.he that C.it when D.he whichA2.It was lack of money,not of effort,_ defeated their plan.A.which B.as C.that D.whatC3.It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent h

40、is childhood.A.which,that B.that,which C.which,which D.that,whereA4.Its more than half a century _ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.A.when B.that C.since D.whileC5.“Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend?”“Sure.But when I got back there,the bike was gone.A.that B.where C.which D.whileD定从之代词有鬼定从之代词有鬼 （1）Is this school _ you study?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a new one?A.that/which B.where C.the one D.the one where E.the one that/which DABE