高中英语语法专题复习动词和动词短语课件.ppt

1、一、及物动词与不及物动词一、及物动词与不及物动词常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept,admire,admit,affect,afford,discover,educate,enjoy,explain,forget,guess,invent,love,post,raise等。等。常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有：1.直、间接宾语易位需加直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词的动词：bring,give,hand,pass,post,promise,read,return,show,teach,tell,lend等。等。2.直、间接宾语易

2、位需加直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词的动词：buy,choose,cook,draw,find,fetch,make,order,paint,purchase,save,spare等。等。3.既可加既可加to，也可加，也可加for的动词的动词：do,get,play,sing等。等。常见的不及物动词主要有常见的不及物动词主要有：ache,agree,apologize,appear,arrive,come,go,cry,dance,die,disappear,dream,exist,fall,flow,graduate,sit,stand,stay,wait,rise,lie,happen等

3、。等。二、延续性动词与终止性动词二、延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词可用于完成时延续性动词可用于完成时，与，与以下几种时间以下几种时间状语连用状语连用：for+段时间，段时间，since+点时间，点时间，since+一段时间一段时间+ago，since+从句（一般过从句（一般过去时）等。去时）等。常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有：have,possess,keep,know,learn,live,read,sleep,wait,work,look,hear,smell等。等。终止性动词不可用于现在完成时终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其示一段时间的状语连用

4、，其否定形式多与否定形式多与until/till连用连用，构成，构成“not+终止性动词终止性动词+until/till.”的句型，意为的句型，意为“直到直到才才”。如：如：I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：1.动词动词+介词介词 “动词动词+介词介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。被动语态中，整个短语动词，后面跟宾语。被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：这类短语动词常用的有：ag

5、ree on,burst into,call on,consist of,deal with,depend/rely on,die of/from,dream of,feel like,get into,hear from,insist on,look/stare/glare at,prepare for,result in,set about等。等。2.动词动词+副词副词1)用作及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有用作及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有 bring up,cut off,figure out,put out,take down,take over,throw away,turn dow

6、n,turn over等。等。2)用作不及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有用作不及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有 break down,die away,give in,go ahead,hang on,run away,stand out,set off,wake up等。等。3.动词动词+名词名词+介词。介词。这类短语动词常用的有：这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of,compare notes with,declare war on/upon,get rid of,have a word with,make fun of,make use of,make preparations

7、 for,pay attention to,take care of,take hold of,take advantage of,take charge of等。等。4.动词动词+副词副词+介词。介词。这类短语动词常用的有：这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with,come up with,date back to,put up with,go in for,run out of等。等。5.be+形容词形容词+介词。介词。这类短语动词常用的有：这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed/used to,be afraid of,be devoted to,be fond of,

8、be familiar with,be famous for,be fit/suitable for等。等。动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，难点，每年均为重点每年均为重点。历年试题中。历年试题中动词所占的动词所占的比例最大比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语短语)意义的意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：理解和运用。考点主要包括：1.动词词义辨析动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。义

9、词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to _ on the sea?【2015浙江】浙江】A.float B.drown C.shrink D.split2.动词短语辨析。动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及及“动词动词+副词副词+介词介词”短语的辨析。在动短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，

10、出现频率较高的词有：，出现频率较高的词有：get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take等。等。除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短短语语)的新义和引申义，如：的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光，抛光，磨光磨光(本意本意)修正，文饰修正，文饰(引申引申);sniff嗅，闻嗅，闻(本意本意)鄙视地说鄙视地说(引申引申);break down发生故障，失灵，失效发生故障，失灵，失效(本意本意)坍塌，

11、坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申引申);look into向向里面看里面看(本意本意)调查，研究调查，研究(引申引申)，同时还有，同时还有“浏览浏览”之意；之意；work out基本意思为基本意思为“解决，解决，算出，制订出算出，制订出”，还有，还有“锻炼锻炼”的意思。的意思。Body language can _ a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【2015浙江】浙江】take away B

12、.throw away A.C.put away D.give away3.考查无关联的动词辨析考查无关联的动词辨析 做这类试题时，应充分理解题干，然后结做这类试题时，应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.【2015浙江】浙江】A.produce B.pronounce C.process D.download4.考查动词搭配考查动词搭配 这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭

13、配。See,your computer has broken down again!It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.【2015天津】天津】haveB.makeA.C.displayD.bring热点考向热点考向 1 动词词义辨析动词词义辨析 1.主要考点主要考点:考查常见动词词义辨析。强调考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化语言的情境化,把动词放在语境中进行考查。把动词放在语境中进行考查。2.突破技巧突破技巧:这类试题的选项往往结构相同这类试题的选项往往结构相

14、同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然然后结合题意选用合适的动词。后结合题意选用合适的动词。热点考向热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析高频动词短语意义辨析 主要考点主要考点:考查主要集中于高频的动词短考查主要集中于高频的动词短语语,如如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put,pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短等构成的短语。需要特别关注语。需要特别关注:1.br

15、eak break away from放弃放弃,打破打破;脱离关系脱离关系 break down 发生故障发生故障;(计划等计划等)失败失败;(精神、身体精神、身体)垮掉垮掉;分解分解 break in 闯入闯入,插嘴插嘴 break into 闯入闯入 break out (战争、瘟疫等战争、瘟疫等)爆发爆发,突然发生突然发生 break up 打碎打碎,分手分手,分开分开,关系破裂关系破裂2.bring bring about 导致导致,造成造成,引起引起 bring down 使倒下使倒下,使降低使降低 bring in 引进引进;带来带来;赚得赚得;收获收获 bring forward

16、 提出提出;提前提前 bring out 出版出版;生产生产;使显现使显现 bring up 抚养抚养,教育教育;提出提出;呕吐呕吐3.call call for 要求要求;需要需要;去取或去接去取或去接 call back 回电话回电话;回忆起回忆起 call in 召集召集;请请;召来召来;顺便来访顺便来访 call up 打电话给打电话给;召集召集;使想起使想起 call off 取消取消 call on 号召号召,拜访拜访e come about 发生发生 come to 苏醒苏醒;总计总计 come across 偶遇偶遇;无意中发现无意中发现 come true 实现实现,成为现实

17、成为现实(不及物不及物)come out 出版出版;结果是结果是 come up (建议、计划等建议、计划等)被提出被提出 come up with 提出提出(建议、计划等建议、计划等)come on (催促催促)快点快点;(鼓励鼓励)加油加油;(不耐烦不耐烦)得了得了,算了吧算了吧!5.get get across 解释清楚解释清楚;使使被理解被理解 get away from 避免避免;摆脱摆脱,逃离逃离 get away with侥幸成功侥幸成功;侥幸做成侥幸做成 get around 四处走动四处走动;传播开来传播开来 get down to 开始认真做某事开始认真做某事 get al

18、ong/on with 进展进展;与与相处相处 get over 克服克服;恢复恢复 get rid of 摆脱摆脱;除去除去 get through 通过通过;完成完成;接通电话接通电话6.give give away 赠送赠送;泄露泄露;分发分发 give back 归还归还 give in 屈服屈服;让步让步;投降投降;认输认输 give out 分发分发;发出发出;公布公布;用尽用尽 give up 放弃放弃7.go go against违背违背;不利于不利于;反对反对 go ahead开始开始(做某事做某事);(表同意表同意)go around参观参观;(消息消息)传播传播 go b

19、y 过去过去;经过经过 go down 下降下降;下沉下沉 go on 继续继续;发生发生;进行进行 go over 复习复习,仔细检查仔细检查 go through 穿过穿过;经历经历;仔细检查仔细检查 go with 与与相配相配 go without 没有没有也行也行8.hold hold back 犹豫犹豫;隐瞒隐瞒;阻止阻止 hold on=hang on 别挂断别挂断;等一会儿等一会儿;坚持坚持 hold out 坚持坚持;伸出伸出 hold up 举起举起;阻挡阻挡,使耽搁使耽搁 hold on to 紧紧抓住紧紧抓住;保留保留;不放弃不放弃9.keep keep away fr

20、om 远离远离;避开避开 keep back 留下留下;隐瞒隐瞒;克制克制(感情感情)keep on 继续继续;坚持下去坚持下去 keep out of 置身于置身于外外;避开避开 keep up 保持保持;继续继续;不低落不低落 keep up with 跟上跟上;keep an eye out for 密切注意密切注意;留心留心;警惕警惕 keep an eye on 照看照看;密切注视密切注视10.leave leave alone 不打扰不打扰;不理不理,不管不管 leave behind 留下留下;丢下丢下,丢弃丢弃 leave out 遗漏遗漏,忽略忽略11.look look a

21、round 环顾四周环顾四周 look away from 把目光从把目光从移开移开 look into 调查调查;窥视窥视 look back on/upon 回忆，回顾回忆，回顾 look up 查找查找,查询查询;向上看向上看 look up to 尊敬尊敬;敬仰敬仰 look down upon 歧视歧视,看不起看不起 look forward to 盼望盼望;期待期待 look through 浏览浏览;快速查看快速查看 look out(for)当心当心,留意留意,小心小心 look on 旁观旁观12.make make use of 利用利用 make up 组成组成;编造编造

22、;化妆化妆;和解和解 make up for 补偿补偿;弥补弥补 make for 走向走向;有助于有助于;促成促成,导致导致 make sense 有意义有意义;有道理有道理;讲得通讲得通 make sense of 理解理解;弄明白弄明白 make out 理解理解;分辨出分辨出,辨认出辨认出 make it 成功成功13.put put aside 撇开撇开;暂不考虑暂不考虑;储蓄储蓄 put away 收拾收拾,整理整理;储存储存 put back 把把放回原处放回原处;推迟推迟 put forward 提出提出;拨快拨快 put down 记下记下,写下写下,镇压镇压 put out

23、 伸出伸出;扑灭扑灭;生产生产;出版出版 put up 建造建造,张贴张贴;提供住宿提供住宿 put up with 忍受忍受;容忍容忍 put on 穿上穿上,增加增加,上演上演14.set set aside 划出划出;留出留出;拨出拨出 set about doing sth.着手做某事着手做某事 set out 出发出发,动身动身 set out to do sth.着手做某事着手做某事 set off 动身动身;引起引起;使爆炸使爆炸 set up 建立建立,创立创立15.turn turn away 走开走开;转过脸去转过脸去 turn down 拒绝拒绝;关小关小,调低调低 tu

24、rn up 开大开大;出现出现,到场到场 turn out 结果是结果是,证明是证明是;生产生产 turn over 翻转翻转;翻阅翻阅,仔细考虑仔细考虑 turn against 反对反对;背叛背叛 turn to 转向转向;求助于求助于16.take take after 长得像某人长得像某人 take apart 拆开拆开;拆卸拆卸 take back 收回收回,撤销撤销 take down 记下记下;拆卸拆卸;取下取下 take away 带走带走,拿走拿走,剥夺剥夺 take up 从事从事;占据占据(时间、空间时间、空间);着手处理着手处理;接着做接着做take in 吸收吸收;接

25、受接受;理解理解,欺骗欺骗take off 起飞起飞;脱下脱下;成功成功,take on 呈现呈现;具有具有;承担承担;雇用雇用take over 接管接管,接收接收take advantage of 利用利用take it easy 放松放松,别紧张别紧张take your time 慢慢来慢慢来,别着急别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事take action 采取行动采取行动热点考向热点考向 3 常见的系动词的用法常见的系动词的用法1.表示表示变化类变化类的系动词，如的系动词，如:become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,ma

26、ke等。等。2.表示表示感觉类感觉类的系动词，如的系动词，如:feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。等。3.表示表示状态类状态类的系动词，如的系动词，如:keep,remain,stand,stay,lie等。等。4.表示表示“像像”类类系动词，主要有系动词，主要有seem,appear,look,表示表示“看起来，似乎，显看起来，似乎，显得得”。5.此类系动词的此类系动词的特点特点：只适用于主动语只适用于主动语态；态；只用于一般时态只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。热点考向热点考向 4 动词的一词多义用法动

27、词的一词多义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有：要进行专门复习，常见的有：1.act(v.&n.行动行动)e.g.It will take several hours before the drug really acts.(vi.起作用起作用)2.address(n.地址；地址；vt.写地址写地址)e.g.President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7.(vt.向向做演说做演说)3.apprecia

28、te(vt.欣赏，感激，感谢欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g.They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap.(v.意识到意识到)4.attend(vt.参加，出席参加，出席)e.g.With several patients to attend that night,the nurse felt very tired.(vt.照料，照料，照顾照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town,the couple had to work day and night to ear

29、n more money.(vt.上学上学)5.count(n.&v.计数，数计数，数)e.g.It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts.(v.重要，有重要，有价值价值)6.escape(vi.逃跑，逃脱逃跑，逃脱)e.g.I saw a familiar face in the crowd.However,his name escaped me for the moment.(vt.被忘掉被忘掉)The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe.(vi.泄漏，漏

30、出泄漏，漏出)7.fail(vi.失败失败)e.g.Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter.(vi.不足，缺乏不足，缺乏)With time passing by,his memory is failing.(vi.衰退衰退)Try as the family might,they failed to find the lost child in the town.(vi.未能未能)8.introduce(vt.介绍介绍)e.g.When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe,they didnt acce

31、pt them at all.(vt.引入引入)9.make(vt.制造制造)e.g.New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers.(vt.制定制定)He is making his own trouble by doing this.(vt.引起，导致，造成引起，导致，造成)She will make a great teacher.(vt.成成为，使形成为，使形成)10.observe(vt.观察观察)e.g.Having lived abroad for many years,he still observ

32、ed the old traditions and customs.(vt.遵守遵守)Every year,we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways.(vt.庆祝庆祝)11.work(v.&n.工作工作)e.g.The medicine will soon work.(vi.起作起作用用)The machine works very well.(vi.运转运转)1.Tom had to _ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was to

33、o busy.【2015天津】天津】A.turn in B.turn down C.turn over D.turn to【解析】【解析】上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。因为他太忙了。turn in 上交；上交；turn down拒拒绝；绝；turn over 移交；移交；turn to求助。求助。2.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _ our emotions than for straight facts.【2015浙江】浙江】A.bloc

34、k off B.appeal to C.subscribe to D.come across【解析】【解析】我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较 清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。们的。block off 封锁，封锁，appeal to 吸引，吸引，subscribe to 订阅，订阅，come across遇到。遇到。3.If you have any doubts about your health,youd better_ your doctor at once.【2015天津】天津】A.convince B.con

35、sult C.avoid D.affect【解析】【解析】如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。好立刻向你的医生咨询。convince 说服；说服；consult咨询；咨询；avoid 避免；避免；affect影响。影响。4.Peter will _ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【2015陕西】陕西】A.take up B.put up C.add up D.break up【解析】【解析】Peter在下月底将从事旅行社负责人在下月底将从事旅

36、行社负责人的职位。的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；拿起，开始从事；put up竖竖立；搭建；立；搭建；add up加起来；加起来；break up结束；分结束；分解。解。5.The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.【2015江苏】江苏】A.wait on B.focus on C.count on D.call on【解析】【解析】全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。他从未让他们失望。A“服侍，等待服侍，等待”；B“集中集中（注意力）于（注意力）于”；C“

37、指望指望”；D“呼吁，拜呼吁，拜访访”。6.If you come to visit China,you will _ a culture of amazing depth and variety.【2015安徽】安徽】A.developB.create C.substituteD.experience【解析】【解析】如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；发展，培养；B创造；创造；C代替；代替；D经历。经历。7.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger

38、upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs.【2015湖北】湖北】A.whisper B.signal C.declare D.complain【解析】【解析】为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。示意有人正在楼上走动。A项项“低声说，私低声说，私语语”；B项项“发信号，（用手势）示意发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项项“（正式）宣称（正式）宣称”；D项项“抱怨抱怨”。用适当的动词填空。用适当的动词填空。1.Mary was silent during the early part of the

39、 discussion but finally she _ voice to her opinion on the subject.（天津（天津 2016）2.Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.（天津（天津2016）3.I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _ on a conversation with her.（天津（天津2016）gavegavetaketakecarrycarry4.Many bu

40、sinesses started up by college students have _ off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.（江苏（江苏2016）5.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than _ us.（浙江（浙江2016）takentakendividedivideI.选用括号内合适的内容填空。选用括号内合适的内容填空。1.We all agreed that the cottage would

41、 _(make/turn)a perfect holiday home for the family.2.The beautiful clouds maybe _ (promise/record)a fine day tomorrow.3.While Im working I dont want people to come to my desk just to _(ignore/interrupt)me.makemakepromisepromiseinterruptinterrupt4.It is said that a plan is being made that will4.It is

42、 said that a plan is being made that will _(cost/charge)users for _(cost/charge)users for downloading music from the Internet,but downloading music from the Internet,but the price will be very low.the price will be very low.5.Parents and children should communicate 5.Parents and children should comm

43、unicate more to _(narrow/leave)the gap more to _(narrow/leave)the gap between them so that they can between them so that they can understand understand each other better.each other better.6.With the heavy burden of study,more and 6.With the heavy burden of study,more and more childrens eyesight is b

44、eginning to more childrens eyesight is beginning to _(fall/fail)._(fall/fail).chargechargenarrownarrowfall fall 7.According to scientists,our mental abilities 7.According to scientists,our mental abilities begin to _(decline/differ)from the begin to _(decline/differ)from the age of 27 after reaching

45、 the highest level at age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.22.8.The parents only _(concerned/8.The parents only _(concerned/involved)themselves with making money involved)themselves with making money and and ignored the left-behind childrens education ignored the left-behind childrens ed

46、ucation and life.and life.9.During the Spring Festival,friends may get9.During the Spring Festival,friends may get together to _(comfort/greet)each together to _(comfort/greet)each other and wish each other good luck.other and wish each other good luck.declinedeclineconcernedconcernedgreetgreet10.In

47、 general,do not ask people questions 10.In general,do not ask people questions such such as how much they _(gain/earn)in as how much they _(gain/earn)in Australia.Australia.earnearnII.选用方框内合适的短语动词并用其正确形式选用方框内合适的短语动词并用其正确形式 填空（每个短语动词限用一次）。填空（每个短语动词限用一次）。1.Rod loves _ clocks.1.Rod loves _ clocks.Howev

48、er,he never manages to put them However,he never manages to put them together again.together again.2.You have to _ the things 2.You have to _ the things behind you that you may not be aware of.behind you that you may not be aware of.taking aparttaking apartwatch out forwatch out for3.After many year

49、s hard work,he 3.After many years hard work,he _ _ his parents expectation and went to a key his parents expectation and went to a key university.university.4.Mary is really good at taking notes in class.4.Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can _ almost every word her She can _ almost

50、every word her teacher says.teacher says.5.That Peter has spent too much time 5.That Peter has spent too much time reading reading novels recently may _ his poor novels recently may _ his poor grade in the exam.grade in the exam.lived up tolived up toput downput downaccount foraccount for6.The six-p