中考英语总复习之句子的成分和种类.ppt

1、中考英语总复习之句子的成分和种类句子能表达一个比较完整独立的意思，有一定的语法结构，是掌握一门语言的关键所在，同时也是应考的最热点。所有的试题都离不开句型的结构，其考查点有：1四种最基本的句子类型的结构和特点。2句式的变换及助动词在句中的用法。3祈使句、反意疑问句、感叹句的构成及用法。句子的成分句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。见下表：句子成分构成例句主语名词、主格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等Gina is from Canada.谓语动词，一般在主语之后He works in the factory.宾语名词、宾格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等Ca

2、n I ask some questions？句子成分构成例句表语在连系动词之后的形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、介词短语等We were at_home last night.定语形容词、副词、代词、数词、名词、动词不定式和介词短语等She is a kind girl.状语副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等We all live in_China.宾语补足语形容词、副词、名词、代词、数词、不定式和分词等The story made me excited.同位语名词、数词、代词或从句等He himself do it.句子的分类1根据句子的用途可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

3、见下表：种类例句陈述句I like English very much.疑问句一般疑问句Do you like English？特殊疑问句What do you like？选择疑问句Do you like English or math？反意疑问句You like math,dont you？祈使句Dont smoke here,please！感叹句What a tall building it is！2.根据句子的结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句。如：类型构成例句简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。I get up at 7：00.Kate and I often

4、go shopping.并列句由并列连词(and，so，but，or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起。Ed has a great sports collection,but he doesnt play sports.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。I believe you can work it out.陈述句用来说明事实或阐述一个观点。有肯定和否定两种形式，句末用逗号。如：Therere seven days in a week.He didnt come to school yesterday.一般疑问句1在陈述句的基础上，把be动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。

5、2能用yes或no回答的问句。如：Do you often ride a bike to school?Yes,I do./No,I dont.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不能用yes或no回答。1疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语等时，用“疑问词一般疑问句”。如：Where are you going?你要去哪儿？2疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。如：Who is on duty today?今天谁值日？3特殊疑问词有：when，where，what，who，whom，whose，which，why，how，how many，how much，how soon

6、，how often，how old等。选择疑问句由“一般疑问句or供选择的部分”构成，不能用yes或no来回答。如：Would you like tea or coffee?你想要喝茶还是咖啡？Tea，please.茶。祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，通常省略了主语“you”，有肯定和否定两种结构。如：肯定祈使句：动词原形；否定祈使句：Dont/Never动词原形；No名词/动词ing。如：Open your book and read the words.翻开书读单词。Dont turn on the light.不要开灯。No photos,please!请不要拍照！感叹句

7、用来表示强烈的感情，句末用感叹号(！)，通常由how或what引导，主语和谓语有时可以省略。如：1what引导的感叹句：What(a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)！如：What an honest boy(he is)!What nice weather(it is)!Whata/an名词！如：What a pity!2how引导的感叹句：How形容词/副词(主语谓语)!How主语谓语！如：How I wish I could be a millionaire!注意：how或what引导的感叹句，有时可互换。如：How difficult the questions!What difficul

8、t questions(they are)!反意疑问句 1构成：陈述句简略问句遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。简略问句的主语与陈述句主语保持一致，只能用人称代词(there除外)；简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句谓语保持一致，如果是否定，一定要用简写。如：Mr._Green isnt from Canada,is he?格林先生不是来自加拿大，对吗？There are some boys in the office,arent there?办公室里有一些男孩子，不是吗？2陈述句用“Im.”结构时，问句一般用“arent I”。如：Im late，arent I?我迟到了，不是吗？3陈述句

9、中有little，few，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，简略问句用肯定形式。如：Jack can hardly answer the math problem,can he?杰克几乎不能回答那道数学难题，是吗？4陈述句主语为不定代词nothing，something，anything时，简略问句的主语用代词it；陈述句主语为不定代词everyone，no one，someone，everybody，nobody，anybody时，简略问句的主语常用代词they，有时也用he。如：Everyone has got a book,havent t

10、hey?大家都有书了，不是吗？Someone is calling you,isnt he?有人叫你，不是吗？Nothing is difficult,is it?没什么困难的，是吗？5陈述句的主语是指示代词this或that时，简略问句的主语用it；陈述句的主语是these或those时，简略问句的主语用they。如：This is a funny story，isnt it?这是一个有趣的故事，不是吗？6主从复合句的反意疑问句，一般看主句的主谓。如：She thinks you can work it out,doesnt she?她认为你能算出来，不是吗？注意：当主句是“I/We(don

11、t)think/believe/suppose.”结构时，则要看从句的主谓。如：I think you are wrong this time,arent you?我认为你这次错了，不是吗？We dont believe he can pass the exam,can he?我们认为他不能通过考试，是吗？7含有情态动词must表示猜测“一定是；必定”时，疑问部分要用must后面的be动词，不能用mustnt；当must表示“一定要；必须”时，疑问部分用neednt。如：You must be tired after a long walk，arent you?走了一段很长的路之后，你一定很累

12、了，是不是？You must finish the work right now，neednt you?你必须马上完成这项工作，不是吗？You mustnt walk on grass，must you?你不可以踩踏草地，对吗？8祈使句的反意疑问句肯定祈使句，常用will you，有时也可用wont you。否定祈使句，用will you。以Lets.开头的句子，用shall we。以Let us.开头的句子，用will you。9感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用be的一般现在时。如：What an exciting match it is,isnt it?多么精彩的一场比赛，不是吗？10

13、对反意疑问句的回答，需根据其实际情况而定。实际情况是肯定的，则用“Yes肯定结构”，实际情况是否定的，则用“No否定结构”。陈述句(肯定)简略问句(否定)。如：You are a doctor,arent you?你是医生，不是吗？Yes,I am./No,Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。陈述句(否定)简略问句(肯定)。如：You arent a doctor,are you?你不是医生，是吗？Yes,I am./No,Im not.不，我是。/是的，我不是。注意：此种结构翻译汉语时，要把“Yes”译成“不”，把“No”译成“是的”。There is something wrong w

14、ith your bike,_？Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.()Aisnt it；mend Bisnt there；mendedCisnt it；mended Disnt there；mend解析：由there be 结构引起的反意疑问句，它的简略问句的主语仍用there，所以排除A和C；而have sth.done意为“请某人干某事”。故选B。答案：B Didnt you finish your homework last night?_，though I wasnt feeling well.()ANo，I hadnt BYes，I hadCNo，I didnt

15、DYes，I did解析：本题考查反意疑问句的回答。对于反意疑问句的答语，事实是肯定的，就用“Yes”结构回答，事实是否定的，就用“No”结构回答，根据上文“昨天晚上你没有完成作业对吗”，下文回答“虽然我感到不舒服”，可推测我完成了作业。因此选D，“不，我完成了”。答案：D I m worried about my English._ harder _ you will catch up with your classmates！()AWorking；and BTo work；orCWork；and DWorked；or解析：本题考查祈使句与并列连词的用法。肯定祈使句用动词原形开头，故排除A、

16、B、D，后面表递进关系，要用and。故选C。答案：C I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean:On stranger Tides._.()ANeither have I BSo have ICNeither I have DSo I have解析：本题考查倒装句的用法。副词so,neither/nor可以构成倒装句，即“so/neither/nor谓语主语”结构，如果前一句是否定句，应用neither或nor，表示“另一个也不”；反之就用so。故选A。答案：A1(2011滨州)_ wonderful news report he wrot

17、e!All of us were proud of him.()AWhat a BWhatCHow DHow a解析：本题考查感叹句的用法。感叹句究竟用what还是how，主要取决于形容词后有没有名词，如有就用what，没有就用how；在此句中，形容词wonderful后有名词report，且是可数名词。故选A。答案：A.2(2011湘西)_？He is tall.()AHow is he BWhat does he look likeCWhat does he like解析：本题考查特殊句式。How is he？的意思是“他健康吗？”，What does he like？的意思是“他喜欢什么

18、？”，而What does he look like？的意思是“他长相如何？”。故选B。答案：B3(2011安徽)Hey,Nick._ comes the last bus!Hurry up,or well have to walk home.()AThis BThere CThat DIt解析：本题考查倒装句的用法。副词here,there位于句首时，常用不完全倒装句。故选B。答案：B4(2011阜康)We can go to Jinan Railway Station by bus.Why not _ there for a change？()Atry walking Btrying to

19、 walkCto try and walk Dto try walking解析：本题考查特殊句式的用法。Why not.？表征询意见的句型，后接动词原形，相当于Why dont you.？故选A。答案：A5(2011苏州)They said sorry to me,but I wouldnt listen.It is foolish of you _ others for their mistakes.()Aforgive Bnot forgiveCto forgive Dnot to forgive解 析：本 题 考 查 特 殊 句 式 的 用 法。“I t s adj.(kind/clev

20、er/nice/foolish.)of sb.(not)to do sth.”表示某人的品质、性格等。故选D。答案：D1_ you turn down your radio,please?Yes,I can.()AMay BNeed CMust DCan2_ schoolbag is this?I guess its Lilys.()AWhat BWho CWhose DWhich3_ do you have an art festival in your school?Once a year.()AHow often BHow manyCHow soon DHow longD C A 4_

21、can we board our plane?In twenty minutes.()AHow soon BHow longCHow often DHow much5Alice had a wonderful time yesterday，_？()Ahadnt she Bwasnt sheCdidnt she Dwouldnt she6Erics never seen a threeD movie at the cinema,_？()Ahasnt he Bhas heCisnt he Dis heA C B 7There are always many volunteers in great

22、events,_？Yes.Many hands make light work.()Aarent there Bare thereCarent they Dis there8Lets go fishing after the exam,_？Sounds great！()Awill you Bshall weCwont you Dwill they9Mr.Smith dislikes the new TV show,_？()Adoes he Bdoesnt heCdont he Dis heA A B 10_ more,and youll improve your spoken English.

23、()ASpeak BSpeaksCSpeaking DTo speak11_ worried about me,Mom.Ive grown up.()ADont BDont beCNot DNot be12Is your friend a girl or a boy?_.()ANo，he isnt BYes，she isCA girl DNo，he isA B C 13_ wide the streets are！()AWhat BHowCWhat a DHow a14_ good news!The World Cup will be held in South Africa.()AWhat

24、BHowCWhat a DHow a15_ interesting talk Mr.Black gave us!Yes.We all like it very much.()AHow BWhat aCWhat an DHow aB A C 16_ hard work you have done!Its very kind of you to say so.()AWhat BHowCWhat a DHow a17_ useful information youve told us！()AWhat BWhat aCWhat an DHow18_ the little girl looks!That

25、s true.She cant find her Teddy Bear.()AHow sad BWhat sadCWhat sadly DHow sadlyA A A 19He didnt come to school yesterday，did he?_.He was ill in bed.()AYes，he did BNo，he didntCYes，what a pity DNo，I think20Mr.Wangs never been to Canada,has he?_.He went there on business last week.()ANo，he hasnt BYes，he hasCNo，he has DYes，he hasntB B