中考英语复习动词和动词短语课件.ppt

1、第七节第七节 动词和动词短语动词和动词短语一、动词和动词短语辨析一、动词和动词短语辨析()1.If you want to know more about space，please _ the book A Brief History of Time.(2017广东省)A.look through B.look around C.look after D.look down upon()2.Marin and Susan _ for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.(2016广东省)A.put off B.fell o

2、ff C.set off D.kept off()3.Mum,shall we go to the beach tomorrow?It _ the weather.（2015广东省）A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on 真题试练真题试练ACC()4.I will miss my family when I go abroad for further study this autumn.Dont worry.You can _ them by e-mail.(2014广东省)A.come up with B.get along with

3、C.make friends with D.keep in touch with()5.Again and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl，but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.(2013广东省)A.looked over B.looked after C.looked for D.looked out DA二、情态动词二、情态动词()1.To keep children safe，we _ put the things like knives and medicine away in o

4、ur house.(2017广东省)A.may B.should C.can D.might()2.Mom,_ I visit the art museum next Monday?(2016广东省)I m afraid you cant.All museums in the city are closed on Monday.A.would B.need C.should D.may()3.Look!The traffic light has turned red.We _ stop our car.(2015广东省)A.can B.cant C.must D.mustn tBDC()4._

5、 you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening?Id love to,but I have to study for my math test.(2014广东省)A.Should B.May C.Must D.Can()5.Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It _ be her.She is giving a performance at the theatre now.(2013广东省)A.may B.must C.cant D.mustntDC 动词分为：助动词、情态动

6、词、系动词、行为动词（包括及物动词和不及物动词）四类。行为动词有动词原形（do）、现在分词和动名词（doing）、过去式（did）、过去分词（done）、三人称单数（does）五种形式。动词做谓语时，要和其主语保持人称和数的一致。实义动词辨析5年5考，情态动词5年5考，动词短语5年5考，系动词5年3考，助动词5年1考。考点解读考点解读一、常用的助动词：一、常用的助动词：be,do/does/did,has/have,will等等用法用法例句例句1be（am，is，are，was，were）：与行为动词构成现在进行时、过去进行时(be+doing)或者被动语态(be+done)(1)We _ w

7、orking hard in the garden at the moment.(2)He _ doing his homework at 9：00 last night.(3)English _ spoken in Canada.2do，does，did：用于行为动词的否定句和疑问句中(1)_ you _(live)in Shanghai?(2)He _(not like)hamburgers any more.(3)_ they _(have)a meeting last week?isarewasDodoesnt likeDidlivehave(续表)用法用法例句例句3 have,has

8、：与行为动词构成现在完成时(have/has+done)(1)I _(not finish)the work yet.(2)She _(live)here for 20 years.4 will:与行为动词构成一般将来时(will do)I _(call)you this evening.havent finishedhas livedwill call二、情态动词的用法：二、情态动词的用法：can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)等等1.几个重要情态动词的具体用法 情态动词情态动词例子例子(1)can和could表示能

9、力,意为“会；能够”表示许可、请求,意为“可以”表示可能性、猜测,用于否定猜测,意为“不可能”I _(能够)speak English._(可以)you be here at 7:00 tomorrow morning?The bat _(不可能)be Lilys because she never plays ping-pong.Cancancant(续表)情态动词情态动词例子例子(2)may表示允许或请求允许在回答may的问句时，否定答语要用mustnt，表示不允许表示可能性、猜测 _(可以)I smoke here?No,you _(不可以).Its too dangerous.He _

10、(可能)come tomorrow.(3)must表示必须，在回答must的问句时,否定答语要使用neednt或dont have tomustnt表示禁止表示推测,语气比may肯定，只用在肯定句中 _(必须)I stay in bed all day?No,you _(不需要).You _(不准)lend my book to others.He _(肯定)be at home now.MaymaymustntMustneedntmustntmust(续表)情态动词情态动词例子例子(4)will/would 表示请求、建议和征求听话人的 意见 _(会)you go with me?(5)ne

11、ed 作情态动词时,一般只用于疑问句 或否定句中You _(没必要)give it back to me before Friday.neednt/dont have toWill2.can和be able to，must 和have to的比较区别区别 例子例子(1)can的过去式是could(2)be able to可用于各种 时态(3)must表示“必须”，带有主观性,没有时 态变化(4)have to表示客观存在 事实，意为“不得 不”，可用于各种 时态 _(会)you play the piano at the age of ten?He _(会)play the piano sin

12、ce 10.You _(必须)finish your homework first.He missed the last bus,so he _(不得不)walk home.has been able to Couldhad tomust三、常用的系动词：三、常用的系动词：be,look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,get,turn,become,keep,stay等等系动词系动词例子例子1be 动词(1)其形式一般会随人称及 时态的变化而变化(2)后面接名词、代词、数 词或形容词She _ a nurse.I _ tired._ you tired,too?He

13、got up late and _ late for school.They began to learn English when they _ 6.amisArewaswere系动词系动词例子例子2感官动词(1)感官动词有look，taste，smell，sound，feel等(2)后面接形容词(3)表示“看/听/闻起来像”的 结构是look/sound/smell like 后面接名词或代词You _(看起来)tired.Youd better have a rest.The mooncake _(尝)good.It _(闻起来像)chocolate.What does it _(听起来

14、像)?(续表)looktastessmells likesound like系动词系动词例子例子3其他连系动词(1)get,turn,keep,stay 等用作连系 动词时，后面接 形容词(2)become多指身份、职位或状态等的 变化，后面接名 词或形容词When winter comes,the days _ (变更短).You must _(保持安静)in the library.The leaves _(变绿)when spring comes.He _(成为)a teacher one year ago.Her mother _(变得)excited when she heard t

15、he news.(续表)becamekeep quietgot/becameturn greenget shorter四、行为动词和实义动词的用法四、行为动词和实义动词的用法 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词后面加宾语意义才完整,有被动语态。如：I want two apples.我想要两个苹果。May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗？He was punished for being late.他因迟到而受罚了。2.不及物动词后面不接宾语,没有被动语态,但与介词连用时,后面可接宾语。如：I arrived quite early this mor

16、ning.今天早上我到得很早。The accident happened last night.这场事故发生在昨晚。The boy looked after his sister well.这个男孩把他妹妹照顾得很好。五、动词短语五、动词短语 动词短语是中考必考点之一，其命题点主要有：不同动词+同一介词/副词，同一动词+不同介词/副词，不同动词+不同介词/副词等。1.不同动词+同一介词/副词 (1)with短语 agree with同意 begin with 以开始 deal with解决；处理 catch up with 赶上 keep up with跟上 come up with 提出；想

17、出 get along with 与相处 (2)on短语 pass on传递 turn on打开 try on试穿 go on继续 depend on/upon依靠;信赖 put on 穿上；上演 work on 从事；继续工作(3)off 短语 break off突然停止 cut off切除 get off下车 give off发出(光热等)keep off 不接近 put off推迟 send off派遣 take off起飞；脱下 turn off 关掉 set off动身；启程(4)away 短语 move away搬走 put away放好 run away逃跑；跑掉 give aw

18、ay赠送;捐赠 throw away扔掉 take away带走;拿走(5)up短语 wake up 醒来 cheer up 振作起来 fix up 修理 mix up 搅和 keep up 保持；继续 end up 结束 look up 查找；抬头看 pick up捡起；接送 set up开办；创建 send up 发射 take up开始；从事；占用 make up组成；编造 eat up 吃光 clean up打扫干净 show up出现；露面 put up举起;张贴 grow up长大 cut up切碎 stay up熬夜 hang up挂断电话 use up用完；用光2.同一动词+不

19、同介词/副词 (1)go短语 go away 离开 go by（时间）流逝 go off 熄火；离开 go over 仔细检查 go up 上升;增长 go back 回到 (2)turn短语 turn around 转身;掉头 turn back 返回;拨回 turn in 上交 turn out 结果是 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 turn up 开大（音量）turn down 关小(音量);拒绝 take turns 轮流;替换 by turns 轮流地 (4)look短语 look for 寻找 look up (在字典、资料中)look like 看起来像 look

20、 at 看 look over 检查 look after 照顾 look out 留意；环顾四周 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 look down upon 轻视;看不起(3)give短语 give out 分发;放出（气味、光、热等）give back 归还 give away 捐赠;赠送 give in 让步;屈服 give off 发出（光、热等）一、动词辨析一、动词辨析1.say，speak，talk，tell的区别 (1)say意为“讲话”，及物动词，强调说话的内容。如：He said he would go there.他说他会去那儿。(2)speak意为“讲话”，一般为不及

21、物动词，作及物动词时后接语言作 宾语。如：Do you speak English?你是说英语的吗？(3)talk意为“谈话”，不及物动词，与to，about，with等连用时，才可 以接宾语。如：What are you talking about?你们正在谈论什么？易错点突破易错点突破(4)tell意为“告诉；讲述”，及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。如：She told us an interesting story yesterday.昨天，她给我们说了一个有趣的 故事。Our teacher told us that we would have an English exam the

22、 next month.我们的老师告诉我们，下个月将会有一次英语测验。即学即练：即学即练：May I _ to Mr.Pope，please?Its time to leave.We have to _ goodbye to you.My teacher _ me not to be late again and again.Mr.Jackson is _ with my father in the office now.speaksaytells/toldtalking2.look，see，watch，read的区别(1)look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接 宾语。

23、如：Look!The girl is swimming in the lake.看！那个女孩正在湖里游泳。(2)see 意为“看见”某物，强调的是结果。如：They cant see the words on the blackboard.他们不能看清黑板上的字。(3)watch意为“观看；注视”。如：The twins are watching TV now.此刻，双胞胎正在看电视。(4)read意为“看书；看报；阅读”。如：Dont read in the sun!别在太阳下看书！即学即练：即学即练：He will go to _ a volleyball match.Does Lily

24、often go to _ a film on Sunday?_ at the picture carefully.Can you find something unusual?I like to _ newspapers when I am free.3.borrow，lend，keep的区别(1)borrow意为“借入”，常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示 瞬间即能完成的动作。如：Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.梅梅刚刚从图书馆里借来一本书。watchsee/watchLookread(2)lend意为“借出”，常与to

25、连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动 词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。如：Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr.Li.王叔叔把他的车借给了李先生。(3)keep意为“保存”，动作可以延续。如：How long can the recorder be kept?这个录音机（我）可以借多久？即学即练：即学即练：I have _ the book for two weeks.Could you _ us your radio，please?May I _ your dictionary?keptlendborrow4.bring，take，carry，get 的区别 (1

26、)bring 意为“拿来；带来”，指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。如：Bring me the book，please.请带一本书给我。(2)take意为“拿走；带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带到”或“拿到”某处之意。如：It is going to rain.Take a raincoat with you.将要下雨了。带一把伞吧。(3)carry意为“带着；搬运；携带”，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。如：Do you always carry a handbag?你会经常带一个手提包吗？(4)fetch 意为“去取来；去拿来”，指去某处将某物拿回来，相当于 go

27、 and bring。如：Please fetch the key.请把钥匙拿给我。即学即练：即学即练：The box is heavy.Can you _ it?Jack，may I _ Jim to see you here next Saturday?Mother _ the little girl to the next room.There is no water in the bottle.Why not _ some?5.wear，put on，dress 的区别(1)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手 套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。如：Tom

28、always wears black shoes.汤姆经常穿黑色的鞋。carrybringtakefetch(2)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等，着 重于穿戴的动作。如：Its cold outside.Youd better put on your coat.外面很冷。你最好穿上你的 外套。(3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，意为“穿着；打扮”。表示 “穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。做及 物动词时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服，dress sb.（给某人穿衣服）。而wear表示“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是 人，即wea

29、r sth.（穿着衣物）。如：She always dresses well.她总是穿得很得体。Get up and dress quickly!赶紧起床穿衣服!After the bath,he dressed himself.洗完澡之后，他穿上衣服。即学即练：即学即练：He _ his hat and went out of the room.She doesnt like to _ a red flower in her hair.Mary is _ her child.6.take，spend，pay，cost的区别（1）take指做某事花多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/

30、will take+sb.+some time+to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.完成这项工作花了我三天时间。It will take you a whole week to travel through the forest.穿越这个森林，将会花你整整一周时间。put onweardressing（2）spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someone spends+money/time+on something/(in)doing sth.如：She spent more than 500 yuan on

31、that coat.她花了超过500元去买那 件外套。He didnt spend much time on his lessons.他没有花太多的时间在他的课程上。（3）pay意为“付款；花钱”，常与for连用。如：How much did you pay for the car?买这辆车花你多少钱？（4）cost 意为“价值；花费”，主语一般是表示物的名词。如：The house costs 5,000 dollars.买这个房子花了5 000美元。即学即练：即学即练：Mr.White _ much time(in)correcting students exercises yesterd

32、ay.I will _ the bill.Mother _ her evenings(in)washing clothes.It _ only one hour to fly to Shanghai.The dictionary _ me 100 yuan.spentpayspendstakescosts7.reach，get，arrive的区别（1）reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。如：After the train had left，they reached the station.火车开走了之后，他们才到达火车站。（2）get是不及物动词，常与to连用，再接名词；后

33、面接地点副词时，不用介词to。get to常用于口语中。如：When the students got to the cinema，the film had begun.当学生到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。（3）arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at；到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接地点副词时，不用介词。如：The soldiers arrived at a small village.士兵们到达了一个小村庄。It was the cold season when I arrived in Germany.当我到达德国的时候，已经是很冷的季节了。即学即

34、练：即学即练：We _ the top of the mountain at last.The foreigners will _ in Shanghai tomorrow.My sister was cooking when mother _ home.reacharrivegot/arrived/reached8.used to，be used to的区别（1）used to do sth.表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I used to be interested in playing computer games.我过去对电脑游戏感兴趣。（隐含的意思是现在对电脑游

35、戏不感兴趣了。）（2）be used to+名词/动名词，意为“习惯于”。如：He is used to swimming in winter.他习惯于冬天游泳。（3）be used to+动词=be used for doing，意为“被用来做某事”。如：Knives are used to cut things.=Knives are used for cutting things.刀子用来切东西。即学即练：即学即练：I used to _(be)an English teacher.Im used to _(drink)a cup of water after meal.This mac

36、hine is used to _(clean)the wall.Pens are used for _(write).9.巧辨只在一言中 （1）He looked around，but saw nothing.他环顾四周，什么也没看见。（2）He listened，but couldnt hear anything.他侧耳细听，什么也没听到。bedrinkingcleanwriting（3）The old man raised his head，facing the rising sun.老人抬起头，面对冉冉升起的太阳。（4）He received her invitation but di

37、dnt accept it.他收到了请柬，但没有接受（邀请）。（5）Will you lend me the book you borrowed from the library yesterday?把你昨天从图书馆借的那本书给我看看好吗？（6）Electricity was not discovered by Edison，but he invented the electric light.电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。二、情态动词二、情态动词1.情态动词的位置：情态动词在句中放在行为动词之前；在疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。如：你一次可以借两本书。You can keep two

38、 books each time.(1)否定句：_ (2)一般疑问句：_2.情态动词不能单独使用，后面需接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。如：You had better not make a noise.He can speak English well and he is able to sing many English songs.You cant keep two books each time.Can I keep two books each time?三、使用系动词时要注意以下几个问题：三、使用系动词时要注意以下几个问题：1.look，taste，smell,get，stay，g

39、o等既可作系动词，后接形容词，又可作行为动词，后接副词修饰。如：She looked excited when she won the prize.She looked up and down carefully and tried to find something special.2.除be外，其余的系动词的疑问式或否定式，要借助助动词。如：The cake doesnt taste good.这个蛋糕不好吃。Does he look like his father?他长得像他父亲吗？四、动词加介词或副词，构成动词短语。四、动词加介词或副词，构成动词短语。人称代词作动词短语的宾语时，放在介词后，副词前；名词作 宾语时，可以都放在后面。如：We are looking for them everywhere.You can look it up in the dictionary.Please write down your name.=Please write your name down.He is looking for his Chinese book.