（高中英语）二轮复习长难句突破课件.ppt

1、 英语阅读英语阅读长难句突破长难句突破高三二轮复习高三二轮复习教室里坐满了学生。教室里坐满了学生。The classroom is full of students.教室里坐满了教室里坐满了学生学生,他们在听一个重要他们在听一个重要讲座。讲座。由短变长由短变长The classroom is full of students,_.who are listening to an important lecture.非限制性定语从句教室里坐满了教室里坐满了学生学生,他们在听他们在听陈老师，陈老师，我们以前英语老师的我们以前英语老师的一个重要讲座。一个重要讲座。The classroom is fu

2、ll of students,who are listening to an important lecture _ _.given byMs.Chen,our former English teacher.过去分词短语作定语过去分词短语作定语同位语同位语教室里坐满了教室里坐满了学生学生,他们在听他们在听我们以前我们以前的英语老师陈老师的英语老师陈老师关于如何处理长难句关于如何处理长难句的的重要讲座重要讲座。The classroom is full of students,who are listening to an important lecture given by Ms.Chen,o

3、ur former English teacher_ _.on how to deal with long and complex sentences.介词短语介词短语The classroom is full of students,（who are listening to an important lecture given by Ms.Chen),(our former English teacher),(on how to deal with the long and complex sentences).主主干干成成分分由长变短由长变短who are listening to.ou

4、r former English teacheron how to 修饰成分修饰成分句子种类句子种类 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句1.简单句简单句(simple sentence):只有只有_个主语（或并列主语）和个主语（或并列主语）和_个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。112.并列句（并列句（coordinate sentences)是由并列连词把是由并列连词把_个或个或_个以上个以上的的_连接在一起构成的句连接在一起构成的句子。子。22简单句简单句3.复合句复合句(compound sentences)含有含有_或或_个以上的从句的句子。个以上的从

5、句的句子。从句可分为三大类从句可分为三大类:_从句从句_从句从句_从句从句11定语定语状语状语名词性名词性主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 1.The sun rises.主语主语S +不及物动词不及物动词V 2.The bike is yellow.主语主语S +系动词系动词V+表语表语P 3.He ate an apple.主语主语S +及物动词及物动词V+宾语宾语O 4.she showed her friends the picture 主语主语S +及物动词及物动词V +间宾间宾O1 +直宾直宾O2 5.He

6、 makes me laugh 主语主语S +及物动词及物动词V +宾语宾语O +宾补宾补OC判断下列句子判断下列句子1.You may take a horse to the water,but you cannot make him drink.并列句并列句2.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.简单句简单句3.The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but also expands options.复合句

7、复合句 1 1）结构复杂的简单句：带有较多成分，如介词短语，）结构复杂的简单句：带有较多成分，如介词短语，形容词短语，副词，时间、地点状语或者较长的非谓形容词短语，副词，时间、地点状语或者较长的非谓语动词短语等；语动词短语等；常见长难句的形式：常见长难句的形式：2 2）含有多个句子的复合句：句子中套句子）含有多个句子的复合句：句子中套句子 3 3）分隔现象：用定语从句、插入语、破折号或分隔号）分隔现象：用定语从句、插入语、破折号或分隔号插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开来来一一_:_:找主干，给主谓找主干，给主谓(宾宾)分别划下划线

8、分别划下划线.二二_:_:找修饰成分，即给相关的单词找修饰成分，即给相关的单词、介词短语、非谓语、从句等加括号。、介词短语、非谓语、从句等加括号。三三_:_:抓主题，悟大意。抓主题，悟大意。结构分析法结构分析法括括划划释义释义句句 子子判判 断断简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主主 干干并列连并列连词词从属连从属连词词核心技巧：核心技巧：抓主干，找修饰成分，一层一层拆分抓主干，找修饰成分，一层一层拆分总结：总结：无论句子有多长多复杂，它只由两部分构成，无论句子有多长多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即即_和和_。_是整个句子的骨架，主要指是整个句子的骨架，主要指简单句的简单句的5个基本句型个基本句

9、型。而。而_在句中只起在句中只起修饰修饰或补充主干或补充主干的作用的作用，它既可以是，它既可以是_，也，也可以是可以是_，更常见的则是，更常见的则是_，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。尤其是定语从句和状语从句。主干主干修饰成分修饰成分主干主干修饰成分修饰成分单词单词短语短语从句从句 Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.此句是一个此句是一个_句句,主干是主干是_。枝叶枝叶1：land后有一个后有一个_从句；从句；枝叶枝叶2：peopl

10、es后的后的belonging to作作_.大意：大意：10661066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。定语定语倒装句倒装句定语定语v(2016全国全国I卷卷 D篇篇)Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of which have never before been published.v主干是主干是_v

11、枝叶枝叶1：同位语是：同位语是_v枝叶枝叶2：photographer后有一个后有一个_从句从句v枝叶枝叶3：images后有个一个后有个一个_从句。从句。v大意：大意：v 弗兰克赫利弗兰克赫利(Frank Hurley)(Frank Hurley)是一位自信而有天赋的是一位自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，对南极了如指掌。他被雇来制作澳大利亚摄影师，对南极了如指掌。他被雇来制作这些图片这些图片,其中大部分图片此前从未出版过。其中大部分图片此前从未出版过。定语定语定语定语vI cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths popul

12、ation grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable resources,our children may have to lead poorer lives.v主干：主干：_v枝叶枝叶1：possibility后有一个后有一个_从句从句v枝叶枝叶2：as引导一个并列结构的引导一个并列结构的_从句从句.v大意：大意：我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过越来越多的非再

13、生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。着更加贫穷的生活。时间状语时间状语同位语同位语v(2016全国全国II卷卷D篇篇)Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.v主干：主干：_v枝叶枝叶1：when引导一个引导一个_从句从句v枝叶枝叶2：wh

14、at引导一个引导一个_从句从句.v枝叶枝叶3：that引导一个引导一个_从句从句v枝叶枝叶3：consider后的后的what引导一个引导一个_从句。从句。v大意：大意：因此，当一个来自这些文化中的人在讲话时因此，当一个来自这些文化中的人在讲话时突然停下来，这可能暗示着他想让听众思考他之前突然停下来，这可能暗示着他想让听众思考他之前所讲的话。所讲的话。时间状语时间状语主语主语表语表语宾语宾语1.Pedestrian(行人行人)deaths went down by 12%from 5449 in 1996 to 4784 in 2006.But among those in 2006,471

15、were killed in crosswalks,down slightly from 488 ten years earlier,the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)says.What does the report from NHTSA suggests?A.Fewer people were injured in crosswalks.B.Crosswalk safety has been greatly improved.C.Much has been done to reduce traffic acci

16、dents.D.Pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem2.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farmis one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where luckily for me I was planning t

17、o have dinner that very night.What was the author going to that evening?A.Go to a farmB.Check into a hotelC.Eat in a restaurant D.Buy fresh vegetablesIt was calculated that when its population reach its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent

18、 of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.(46words，)现在分词短语表示结果补充信息时间状语从句主语从句In the 18th and early 19th centuries,passenger pigeons _.A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natu

19、ral environment D.were the largest population in the US信息错误原文原文3 billion passenger pigeons原文原文,making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world4This belief that our character is hard to change is supported by a great deal of modern psychology emphasizing self-acceptance.As Popeye says,“I am wh

20、at I am.Dont expect me to be better or different”.Ultimately(最终最终),these views totally undervalue the lifelong potential for growth that comes with reflection and choice.Which of the following would the writer agree with?A.We should value our lifelong potential for growth B.We must attach importance

21、 to self-acceptance C.A leopard cant change its spots D.We should make choices constantly 长难句之长难句之 方法方法总结总结长难句，不咋地长难句，不咋地一划二括三释义。一划二括三释义。主谓（宾），先注意。（一划）主谓（宾），先注意。（一划）（单词短语和从句）（二括）（单词短语和从句）（二括）抓主题，找重点。（三释义）抓主题，找重点。（三释义）隐含信息要注意。隐含信息要注意。长难句之长难句之 实战实战演练演练1.Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot

22、achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations.分析：本句为复合句。其中，分析：本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词行词one，且从句使用了，且从句使用了cannot和和without表示表示双重否定。双重否定。句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得

23、的成就。的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。2.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.分析：本句中分析：本句中 a requirement 为同位语，是对前为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明，面的内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to me

24、et是定语从句，省略了充当是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词，修饰先行词requirement。句意：句意：Terrafugia Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成说机主需要通过测试并且完成2020个小个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶时的飞行时间才能驾驶 TransitionTransition，这一要求对于飞行，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。员来说相对容易满足。3.One tiny 9-inch plant,bought for$1.25 in the spring,has already taken over much of my

25、 rose bed,covering much of other plants,and is well on its way to the front door.分析：句子主干部分为分析：句子主干部分为one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and。bought短语、短语、covering短语分别作定语和状语。短语分别作定语和状语。句意：一个在春天时花句意：一个在春天时花$1$12525买的九英寸植物已买的九英寸植物已经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆盖了我的其他植物经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆盖了我的其他植物。正在向

26、前门发展。正在向前门发展。4.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.分析：本句中分析：本句中when引导的是时间状语从句；引导的是时间状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外，句中还包含一个此外，句中还包含一个where引导的引导的定语从句

27、，修饰先行词定语从句，修饰先行词action。句意：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错句意：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。5.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.分析：分析：T

28、he Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration为句子的主干，为句子的主干，bringing together.是现在分词短语作后置定语，是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰修饰an exhibition。句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200200多幅油画、多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表达对这位艺术家及雕塑和素描等作品，以此表达对这位艺术家及其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。6.The 21-year-old Best hopes his message that thi

29、s is a new time in agriculturewill motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.句意：句意：2121岁的贝斯特希望农业新时代这一信息岁的贝斯特希望农业新时代这一信息能够激励下一代从事农业，扭转局面，改变统能够激励下一代从事农业，扭转局面，改变统计数据。计数据。分析：分析：hopes后面是一个宾语从句，主语为后面是一个宾语从句，主语为his message谓语是谓语是 will motivate,that引导的是同位引导的是同位语从句作语从句作his message的同位语，的同位语，分析

30、：本句中分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，作引导宾语从句，作reported的宾的宾语，从句中包含一个语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先引导的定语从句，修饰先行词行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作为现在分词作后置定语，修饰后置定语，修饰maple trees。7.Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular sm

31、ell that neighboring plants can get.句意：早在句意：早在19831983年，杰克年，杰克 舒尔茨和伊恩舒尔茨和伊恩 鲍德温鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。8.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a

32、special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪8080年代年代中期的一个电视节目中，当时我是第一个西方电视中期的一个电视节目中，当时我是第一个西方电视记者被允许拍摄一个特别小组，这个小组专门负责记者被允许拍摄一个特别小组，这个小组专门负责照顾从野外饥饿中获救的熊猫。照顾从野外饥饿中获救的熊猫。温馨提示：温馨提示：对于有些长难句，只要能正确理解其意思就行了，不要勉为其难地翻译成中文，不要勉为其难地翻译成中文，也没必要把句子成分弄得彻底明白。也没必要把句子成分弄得彻底明白。那样做不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。Thank you Thank you for your for your attendance!attendance!