中考英语语法考点复习句子种类课件.ppt
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- 中考 英语语法 考点 复习 句子 种类 课件
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1、 句子按其使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;句子按其结构又可分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句。1.句子种类(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)(4)感叹句 2.简单句的五种基本句型(1)主语系动词表语 (2)主语不及物动词 (3)主语及物动词宾语(4)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语(5)主语及物动词宾语宾补(6)there be句型3.并列句4.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句考点一 简单句的五种基本类型及there be句型句 型例 句1.主语不及物动词The girl is s
2、tudying hard.2.主语系动词表语He seems very busy.3.主语及物动词宾语She sent an E-mail to her friend yesterday.4.主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语My mother bought me an iPhone 6.5.主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语The news made them surprised.6.There be结构There is a river behind our school.()1.There _ a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening.A.
3、will be B.will have C.has D.is going to have()2.My parents _ about 1000 yuan for my school education each year.A.spend B.take C.cost D.pay()3.Will you please _ us a story,Miss Green?OK,shall I _ it in English or in Chinese?A.tell;speak B.talk;speak C.tell;say D.talk;say()4.What did the manager _ you
4、 to _ at the meeting.A.tell;say B.ask;speak C.tell;speak D.ask;talk考点二 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句句 式结 构例 句肯定句略否定句1.否定谓语(常见)I dont think playing too much computer games is good.2.否定主语Nobody knows why he didnt come to school.3.否定宾语 We know nothing about it.4.否定宾语补足语Our teacher often us not to give
5、 up our dreams.5.否定状语My pen was lost and I could find it nowhere.将以下句子变为否定句:将以下句子变为否定句:5.We do eye exercises every day.We _ _ eye exercises every day.6.There is something wrong with the radio._ _ wrong with the radio.7.Tom always goes to bed at twelve.Tom _ _ to bed at twelve.8.Youd better help him
6、with his maths.You _ _ _ help him with his maths.定句变否定句口诀否定词语加not,放在be和have后;其它要加动词do,do的后面加not;时间、人称由do变,动词原形总保留;谓语若是助词多,not紧跟第一个。dontdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot 考点三 疑问句 用来提出问题的句子。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句问句类型问句类型解解 析析例例 句句一般疑一般疑问句问句以以be动词、助动词或动词、助动词或情态动词开头,用情态动词开头,用Yes或或No来回答。来回答。Did you h
7、ave a good time at school?Can you finish your work on time?特殊疑特殊疑问句问句陈述句语序陈述句语序针对主针对主语(或修饰语)提问语(或修饰语)提问Whose car is under the tree?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问一般疑问句语序句语序How do you study English?选择疑选择疑问句问句一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+一般一般疑问句(省略结构)疑问句(省略结构)Would you like some tea or coffee?特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句,+A+B?Which do you prefer,te
8、a or coffee?问句类型解 析例 句反意疑问句结构:陈述句+简短的一般疑问句句式:前肯后否,前否后肯He has to leave now,doesnt he?He hasnt been there,has he?句子含有no,never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,seldom等否定词,后面用肯定You have nothing to tell me,do you?She has few money with her,does she?当前部分为祈使句,后面用will you;而当前面是Lets开头,后面用shall we。Open the door,will
9、 you?Lets have a rest,shall we?There be句型当中,后面句子主语用thereThere is little in the glass,is there?主从复合句以主句为主;但当主句是I/we think/believe/suppose时要以从句为主She thinks she can dance,doesnt she?I think he is wrong this time,isnt he?()9.Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going,DAD?_.I think its quite movin
10、g and funny.A.Yes,I have B.No,I havent C.Yes,he has D.No,she hasnt()10._ will the fog and haze(雾霾雾霾)last?Ive no idea.There is no sign of an end.A.How soonB.How far C.How longD.How often()11._ do you go to Weifang Theatre?Once a month.A.How soon B.How often C.How much D.How long()12._ are you going t
11、o the School Uniform Exhibition,Amy?To learn about different styles of school uniform.A.What B.Where C.Why D.Which肯定句变肯定句变一般疑问一般疑问句口诀句口诀 have和和be提句首,其它助词提句首,其它助词Do开头。开头。时间、人称由时间、人称由do变,动词只把原形留。变,动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个,第一助词提句首。谓语助词有几个,第一助词提句首。考点四 祈使句 提出请求、建议或发出命令等。以动词原形开头(否定形式在前面加Dont),常在句首或句末加上please。如:Sit
12、 down,please.Dont talk in class.()13.Sorry Im late._ tell me the bus broke down again!A.Never toB.NotC.Dont D.No()14.Its late,Teresa._ earlier next time and youll have enough time to have breakfast.OK,Muni Ill remember.A.Get up B.Getting up C.To get up D.Got up考点五 感叹句 表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。类型解 析例 句
13、以how引导How+形容词/副词+(主+谓)!How cold the day is!How quickly he runs!以what引导What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+(主+谓)!What beautiful flowers(they are)!What bad weather(it is)!What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主+谓)!What an interesting story(it is)!()15._ weather it is today!A.What hotB.How hot C.What a hotD.How a hot()16._ fantastic
14、documentary it is!Do you mean the hot film“Diaoyu IslandThe Truth”?A.HowB.How aC.WhatD.What a()17._ honest man he is!A.What B.What an C.How D.How an()18._ brave Zhang Hua is!Yes.He helped his neighbor,Mrs Sun out of the fire.A.What a B.How C.How a D.What考点六 并列句 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句
15、,句与句之间通常用并列连词列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词and,or,but,so,yet,for或分号来连接,并列句在用法上互不或分号来连接,并列句在用法上互不依从,意义上却有密切的关系。依从,意义上却有密切的关系。1.分句与分句之间的四种关系:分句与分句之间的四种关系:(1)联合关系;如:)联合关系;如:Im speaking and you are listening to me.(2)转折关系;如:)转折关系;如:I help him with his English every day,but he is still bad at it.(3)选择关系;如:)选择关系;如:Work
16、harder,or you will fall behind others.(4)因果关系。如:)因果关系。如:He got up late this morning,so he was late for school.2.so+助动词助动词+主语和主语和 so+主语主语+助动词助动词 so+助动词助动词+主语这个结构主要用来说明前面主语这个结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也适用于后面的人或物,意为所说的情况也适用于后面的人或物,意为“也一样也一样”。该结构中的助动词可以是:。该结构中的助动词可以是:be动词,动词,情态动词和助动词。如:情态动词和助动词。如:He can speak Engli
17、sh,so can I.She is 14 years old,so am I.I study hard,so do they.其否定结构为:其否定结构为:neither/nor+助动词助动词/be动词动词/情态动词情态动词+主语。主语。so+主语主语+助动词这个结构主要用于加强语气,助动词这个结构主要用于加强语气,意为意为“的确如此,确实如此的确如此,确实如此”,表示后者赞同,表示后者赞同前者的话或意见,只是进一步强调并重复前句前者的话或意见,只是进一步强调并重复前句所述内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。所述内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。如:如:He has done a goo
18、d job.So he has.()19.I have read the book Sense and Sensibility._.A.So have I B.Neither have I C.So I have D.So has I()20.Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday._.A.So did he B.So he did C.He did so D.Did so he()21.Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening?I havent decided ye
19、t.If you dont go,_.A.so will I B.neither do I C.neither will I D.neither I will()22.Im not going swimming this afternoon._.I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A.So am I.B.So I am.C.Neither am I.D.Neither I am.考点七 宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用,相当于一个名词词组,在全句中充当主语的宾语。要注意宾语从句的三要素,即:连接词、从句的时态和从句的语序。项
20、别解 析例 句连接词原句是陈述句that(可以省略)Lily says(that)the man in black is our new teacher.原句是一般疑问句if/whetherDo you know if he was born in China?原句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问词The teachers asks where he lives.从句的语序陈述句语序即:连接词+主语+谓语+其它Nobody knows.Will it rain tomorrow?Nobody knows if it will rain tomorrow.项别项别解解 析析例例 句句从句从句的时的时态态主句
21、为主句为一般现一般现在时在时从句任意时态从句任意时态We all want to know if she will come to help us.主句为主句为一般过一般过去时去时从句一般过去时从句一般过去时I didnt know when he would come back the next day.从句过去进行时从句过去进行时Can you tell us what you were doing yesterday morning?从句过去将来时从句过去将来时I asked the teacher where the meeting would have.从句过去完成时从句过去完成时S
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