中考英语语法系统总复习时态语法复习完美课件.pptx

1、一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时The Present Simple Tense 定义定义:一般现在时一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态事件）的一种时间状态具体运用具体运用v1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频频率的时间状语率的时间状语连用。连用。时间状语：时间状语：always,usually,every morning/night/evening/day/week/year

2、,often,sometimes,twice a week,seldom,once a month,on Sundays e.g.I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.We usually go to school at 7:30.My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.There is some water in the glass.2.表客观真理、科学事实、自然现象等客观事实或格言、谚语等表客观真理、科学事实、自然现象等客观事实或格言、谚语等 Knowledge is power

3、.(名言名言)The Earth moves around the Sun.(自然现象自然现象)To see is to believe.3.表按规定，计划或时间表将要发生的事，常用动词有表按规定，计划或时间表将要发生的事，常用动词有come、go、leave、start、begin、arrive、take off等等The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.He starts next weekWhen bill comes,ask him to wait for me.We will help you out if you tell us the t

4、ruth 表达方法表达方法 主要通过主要通过谓语动词谓语动词的变化和用时间词语的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。一般现在时动词变化的规则是：化。一般现在时动词变化的规则是：Be 动词的否定式动词的否定式:be+notI am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.There is some water in the glass.I can swim.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句否定句Im not a teacher.You arent a

5、 worker.She isnt a doctor.We arent friends.There isnt any water in the glass.I can not swim.谓语动词或助动词是谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动词或者情态动词can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加等，在将助动词后加not.I am not at college.Mr.Wang isnt 50 years old.The Jacksons doesnt have two sons.You may not go now.2.Be动词的疑问句型问句型 对于谓语动词或助动词是对于谓语动词或助动词

6、是 be、have can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面即等，将这些词移到主语前面即可。可。Are you students？Yes,we are./No,we arent.Is Jane in the classroom?Yes,he is./No,he isnt.Is there any water in the glass?Yes,there is./No,there isnt.Can you swim?Yes,I can./No,I cant.II 实义动词的一般现在时 肯定句 We study English.They live in the country.My pa

7、rents read newspapers every day.He buys a new car every year.This coat belongs to me.Jack goes to school early every day.A cat lies under the desk.1、一般动词，在词尾加、一般动词，在词尾加 s;如：如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:She lives in Ningbo.她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的动词，词尾加等结尾的动词，词尾加-es，teach-te

8、aches,wash-washes.eg:My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。我母亲洗了大衣。3.词尾为词尾为e，只加只加-s.读作读作/iz/如：如：行为动词行为动词do一般现在时一般现在时第三人称单（第三人称单（he,she,it)的构成规则：的构成规则：1.实义动词三单变化规律实义动词三单变化规律3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，把结尾的词，把y变变i 在加在加es，读作，读作izStudy flystudiesflies 4.以辅音字母以辅音字母+o结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加es 读作读作zgo do goesdoe

9、s5.特殊情况：特殊情况：have-has be-isgetsgoeslivesdraws I dont have lunch at home.They dont play basketball on the sportsground.Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.2.实义动词的否定实义动词的否定谓语动词是谓语动词是实义动词实义动词，是在谓语动词前加，是在谓语动词前加do not 或或does not，谓语动词改用，谓语动词改用动词原型。动词原型。Ex1.将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式1.I talk to Peter because I l

10、ike him.2.Kate comes from America.Kate works with Peter3.I am Chinese,and I am a student.4.They know each other.I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.I am not Chinese,and I am not a studentThey dont know each other.3.实义动词的一般疑问句实义动词的一般疑

11、问句I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.Do you often go there?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?Do you know it？Yes,I do./No,I dont.Does she have a pen？Yes,she does./No,she hasnt.have 这里是实义这里是实义动词动词 Do they play basketball af

12、ter school?Yes,they do./No,they dont.谓语动词是实义动词，方法：根据主语的单复数，在主语前加助动词谓语动词是实义动词，方法：根据主语的单复数，在主语前加助动词do或或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do用于第一人称和名词复数，用于第一人称和名词复数，does用于第三人用于第三人称单数和名词单数不称单数和名词单数不可数名词。可数名词。实义动词一般现在时句型总结实义动词一般现在时句型总结肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 （第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数）主语+动词动词s/es+否定句：否定句：主语主语+d

13、ont+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 (第三人称单数）主语第三人称单数）主语+doesnt+动原动原+肯定回答肯定回答:Yes，主语，主语+does 否定回答否定回答:No，主语，主语+doesnt 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Do+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 Does+(第三人称单数）主语第三人称单数）主语+动词原形动词原形+?Ex1.请做练习1.Her parents live in Shanghai.否否:Her parents_ in Shanghai.疑：疑：_ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English.否：否：You study

14、English.疑：疑：you study English?3.How often Tom football?A.is,play B.do,play C.does,play D.does,plays dont liveDo liveDontDo C 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句在考试中涉及的比较多，主要以特殊疑问句在考试中涉及的比较多，主要以选择选择和和转换句型转换句型为主，首先要为主，首先要掌握掌握一些常用疑问词的意思一些常用疑问词的意思如：如：what（什么）（什么）,when,what time（什么时（什么时间）间）,who（谁）（谁）,where（在哪里）（在哪里）,why（为什么

15、）（为什么）,how（怎样）（怎样）,how many+可数名词的复数（多少），可数名词的复数（多少），how long（多长时间）（多长时间）,how often（多久（多久一次）一次）等，其次掌握它的等，其次掌握它的语序语序，即就是特殊疑问词，即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序一般疑问句语序（Who）除外）除外一、疑问词一、疑问词+一般疑问句句序：一般疑问句句序：Where are you from?Im from the north.What do you want?I want the books on your desk.特殊疑问句的语序特殊疑问句的语序 二，与陈述句的语序同：（疑问词

16、作主语或修饰主语)Who gives you the present.Mr.Wang gives me the present.What is in the box?Which is mine?Whose book is on the desk?将下列句子变成其否定句，并就斜体部分提问。将下列句子变成其否定句，并就斜体部分提问。1.She comes from America.2.I usually go to school by bike.Does she come from America?She doesnt come from Ameica.Where does she come fr

17、om?I dont usually go to school by bike.Do you usually go to school by bike?How do you usually go to school?1.We often_(play)in the playgound.2.He _(get)up at six oclock.3._you _(brush)your teeth every morning.4.What(do)_he usually(do)_ after school?5.Danny _(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and A

18、rt an school.plays gets brush Dodo doesstudies 6.Mike sometimes _(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night,she _(watch)TV with his parents.8._ Mike_(read)English every day?9.How many lessons_your classmate_(have)on Monday?10.What time_his mother_(do)the housework?goes watches read Doesdoes

19、have do does一、一般现在时：一、一般现在时：概念概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month),once a week,on Sundays,etc.基本结构基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为

20、动词。什么情况下用？表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。表示客观的事实或真理。表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,take off,stop,be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将（主将从现）从现）当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 规则规则例子例子一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-s-s，(清

21、辅音后读清辅音后读/s/s/，在浊辅音后读在浊辅音后读/z/z/；在；在t t后读后读/ts/,/ts/,在在d d后读后读/dz/dz/。)PlayPlayplays plays leaveleaveleavesleavesswimswimswimsswims以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh,os,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加结尾的词加-es-es，读读/iz/,/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有如果动词原形词尾已有e,e,则则只加只加-s-s。pass pass passes passes fixfixfixesfixesteachteachteaches teaches wishwishwis

22、heswishesdododoesdoes以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的词结尾的词，先变，先变y y为为i,i,再加再加-es,-es,读读/z/z/studystudystudies studies carrycarrycarriescarriesflyflyfliesflies1.1.He_(be,am,is,are)a teacher at No.2 Middle School.2.2.He_(have,has)classes in the afternoon.3.3.He_(get,gets)up at half past six every morning.4.4.He alw

23、ays _(come,comes)to school on time.5.5.He _(study,studies)very hard at his lesson.6.6.One and two _(be,is,are)three.7.7.Blue and yellow _(make,makes)green.8.8.The earth _(move,moves)round the sun.9.9.I will go there if I _(be,will be,am,is,are)free tomorrow.10.10.I will go there when I _(have,will h

24、ave,has)time tomorrow.11.11.He wont come to the party unless he _(be,will be,am,is,are)invited.12.12.Ill wait here until my mother _(come,comes,will come)back.13.13.Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish,finishes,will finish)reading it.14.14.Once you _(see,sees,will see)him,yo

25、u will never forget him.一般过去时I was sleeping.I was cooking.知识讲解I was cutting hair.I was reading.知识讲解What were you doing at eight last night?I was taking a shower.What was she doing at that time?She was doing her homework.知识讲解What was Lucy doing when it began to rain heavily?When it began to rain,Lucy

26、 was helping his mom make dinner.What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?While Linda was sleeping,Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.知识讲解1.概念:表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。2.构成:was/were+动词现在分词动词现在分词We were not sleeping at home.Was he feeling well?3.用法:a:表示某一时刻正进行的行为表示某一时刻正进行的

27、行为,与特定的过去时间状语连用与特定的过去时间状语连用,常见的时间有常见的时间有:at 8 last night,at this time at that time,at that moment 等。等。What were you doing at 10 yesterday morning?I was writing a letter to my father at that moment.知识讲解b:表示过去某段时间内正进行的动作。We were building a house last winter.They were waiting for you yesterday.知识讲解when

28、表示“当的时候”。从句中的谓语动词既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词。while表示“当的时候”从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。Mary was having dinner when I saw her.The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.My mother was cooking while I was reading.c:以when和while引导的时间状语从句知识讲解What were you doing at these times last Sunday?Fill in the

29、chart.Then ask your partner.A:What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?B:I was sleeping.How about you?A:I was doing my homework.B:Youre kidding!知识讲解A:What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday?B:I was running.How about you?A:I was reading.B:Youre kidding!v.欺骗;戏弄;开玩笑知识讲解What were yo

30、u doing at last Sunday?9:00 am11:00 am8:00 pm10:00 pm知识讲解1.What _(be)you _(do)when he arrived?2.Jim _(sleep)when I came in.3.They _(watch)TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.4.Now he _(read)and _(write).were doing was sleeping were watching is reading writing.用所给词的正确形式填空知识讲解1.概念:表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。表示过去某一

31、时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。2.构成:主语主语+was/were+动词现在分词动词现在分词 总结提升What were you doing at 10 yesterdaymorning?I was writing a letter to my father at that moment.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,just

32、now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。谓语动词使用过去式形式，加ed，分为规则和不规则变化。表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to do used to do”和“would+动词原形”。构成规则构成规则例子一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/

33、id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikeliked livelivedhopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudystudied worryworriedcrycried1.1.He_(be,was,were,been)here a moment ago.2.2.They _(be,was,were,been)here just now.3.3.The scie

34、ntists _(leave,leaves,leaved,left)for America yesterday.4.4.Last week we _(visit,visited)the Science Museum.5.5.When I was a child,I often _(play,played)football.6.6.The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring,rang,rung).现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行

35、为。2.时间状语：Now,at this time,days,look.listen等时间状语做标志。3.基本结构：主语+be+doing+其他4.否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.6.用法：现在进行时表示用法：现在进行时表示1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g.He is reading.They are talking now.2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.They are working these days.3)、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g

36、I am coming.现在分词的变法有现在分词的变法有1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.E.g have write3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.E.g.sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。现在进行时概 念结 构句型变化用 法学习目标Who is playing in the sand on the beach today?And I am swimming in the sea.现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在

37、的状态。现在进行时主语主语beV.+ing结 构知识讲解现在进行时由be+v-ing构成。be应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。I am looking for a pair of black shoes.He is picking the apples on that tree.They are working in a factory these days.What are you doing here?现在进行时知识讲解肯定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.He is singing in the next room.否定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)

38、+not+现在分词+其它.The students arent cleaning the room.现在进行时句型变化知识讲解一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？Are you playing the computer game?Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？What is the old man doing under the tree?Who is she waiting for?现在进行时句型变化知识讲解1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Please dont make so mu

39、ch noise.Im writing a composition.Lets set off.It isnt raining now.Look!They are reading over there under the tree.这类情况常与now、at the present、at the moment、today、this week、this year等时间状语和look、listen这样的动词连用。现在进行时用法知识讲解2.表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。We are working in a factory these days.They are compiling a

40、dictionary.这类情况常与today、this week、this evening、these days表示现在、目前的时间状语连用。现在进行时用法知识讲解3.在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。They are leaving for New York tomorrow.Is your brother departing soon?这类情况常与come、go、leave、depart、arrive、stay、start等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。现在进行时用法知识讲解4.现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。Hes always quarrel

41、ling with others.The boy is forever asking questions.这类情况常与always、usually、continually、forever等副词连用。现在进行时用法知识讲解Its 6 oclock in the morning.He _.A.get up B.gets up C.is geting up D.is getting upD知识讲解1.I _(write,am writing,is writing,are writing)a letter now.2.Look,it _(begin,is beginning,am beginning,

42、are beginning)to rain.3.They _(study,is studying,am studying,are studying)medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach,am teaching,is teaching,are teaching)an English lesson at this time.过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓

43、语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 主语+was/were+doing+其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night,at that time,at noon yesterday,last Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。1.I _(cook,cooked,was cooking,were cooking)breakfast when you arrived

44、.2.What _you_(do,did,was.doing,weredoing)at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have,are having,had,were having)dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/When/As we_(have,had,are having,were having)dinner,the doorbell rang.一般将来时构成构成:will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。be going to+动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。be to

45、+动词原形，表示客观安排 be about to+不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come,go,arrive,leave。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限start,begin,arrive,end,close,leave-等表示开始或移动意义的词)时间状语：Tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrow,etc.否定形式否定形式

46、：主语+am/is/are not going to do；主语+will/shall not do+其他 一般疑问句一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。e.g.She will be back in three days.She will not be back in three days.Will She be back in three days?They are going to clean their classroom.They are not going to clean their classroom.Are they going to clean thei

47、r classroom?1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will;going to be B Are;going to be C Are;/D Will;be2 I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come;comes B will come;will come C comes;comes D comes;will come3 He will be back _a few minutes.A with B for C on D in4 What time _we

48、 meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow.She

49、 _a party.A is going to be;will have B will be;is having C will be;is going to have D will have;is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now,next year he _11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 过去将来时构成：构成：（would+动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式was going to do）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼

50、应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thought it was going to be fun.时间状语时间状语：-soon/the next day-that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中-)1.I told my friend that I _(should/would arrive,shall/will arrive)soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky.It_(is going to rain,was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet,were to mee