英语词汇辨析.doc

1、英语词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词；clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件；accident 指不幸的事故，例：He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词；number 后接可数名词，例：a number of students4. family, house, homehome 家

2、包括住处和家人；house 房子，住宅；family 家庭成员，例：My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音；voice 人的嗓音；noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片；picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， 例：Lets go and see a good picture.drawing 画的画。7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量

3、，例：He has a large vocabulary.word 具体的单词。8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，例：China has a large population.people 具体的人。9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况；climate 长期的气候状况，例：The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，例：take this roadstreet 街道，例：in the streetpath

4、 小路，小径；way 道路，途径，例：Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目），例：a summer coursesubject 科目（具体的学科）12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do；habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. 例：Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth；reaso

5、n 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）；exercises 练习（可数）；practice（反复做的）练习，例：Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson，例：Lesson 6，第6课；指班级或全体学生用class，例：Class 5，5班。16. speech, talk, lecturespeech 指在公共场

6、所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说；talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话；lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课，例：a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官，例：an army officerofficial 政府官员。18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可数；job 可数，例：a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物；pair 多指由两部分组成的东西，例：a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry

7、侧重指版图，疆域；nation 指人民，国民，民族；state 侧重指政府，政体；land 国土，国家，例：The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 厨师，例：He is a good cook.cooker 厨具。22. damage, damagesdamage 不可数名词，损害，损失；damages 复数形式，赔偿金，例：$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，例：The police are questioning everyone in th

8、e house.policeman 指某个具体的警察。24. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise；question 常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。25. man, a manman 人类；a man 一个男人，例：Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉；例：The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的；例：a t

9、elegramtelegraph指抽象的；例：by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的；trip 指短期的旅途；例：a three-day tripjourney 指稍长的旅途；voyage 指海上航行。29. sport, gamesport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；例：His favorite sport is swimming.game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。30. price, prizeprice 价格；例：The price is high/low.prize 奖，奖

10、品，奖金；例：win the first prize31. a number of, the number ofa number of 许多，谓语动词用复数；the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。例：The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面；in the front of 范围内的前面 例：In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一天的，当时的，

11、当代的，例：a famous scientist of the day；of a day 暂时的，不长久的。34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个；the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）例：The three of us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，例：They went there by bus.on the bus 表范围。36. for a moment, for the m

12、omentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，例：Thinking for a moment, he agreed.for the moment 暂时，一时。37. next year, the next yearnext year 将来时间状语；the next year 过去将来时间状语，例：He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多；more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）。39. take advice

13、, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见；take the advice 接受忠告 例：He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏；take the air 到户外去，散步 例：We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话，例：In a word, you are right.in words 口头上。42. in place of, in

14、the place ofin place of 代替；in the place of 在地方，例：A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语，例：My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩；one girl 一个女孩，例：Can one gir

15、l carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于sit down坐下；take the chair 开始开会。46. go to sea, by seago to sea 当海员，出航；by sea 乘船，由海路；by the sea 在海边。47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师

16、。48. in office, in the officein office 在职的，例：He is in office, not out of office.in the office 在办公室里。49. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上，例：He is ill in bed.on the bed 在床上，例：The book is on the bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料，例：He is in charge of the matter.in the charge of 由照料

17、，例：The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上；in the class 在班级里，例：He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火，例：The house is on fire.on the fire 在火上，例：Put the food on the fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的；out

18、of the question 不可能的。54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一；the second 第，例：He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天；by the day 按天计算，例：The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人；a people 指民族，例：The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物体；one 同类不同一，

19、例：I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的；例：I was ill. Thats whythis 导出下文所要说的。59. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少；nothing, no one 强调有没有；nothing 指物，no one 指人。60. anyone, any oneanyone 指人，不能接of；any one 指人物均可，可接of 例：any one of you61. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系；what 指职业或地位，例：What is

20、your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的；which 在一定范围内进行选择，例：Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数，例：other studentsanother 后接名词单数，例：another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常；not a bit 一点也不，例：Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a

21、lot ofmany 和可数名词连用，例：I havent many books.much 和不可数名词连用；a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句。66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan 后接形容词或不可数名词，例：much more water, much more beautifulmany morethan 后接可数名词，例：many more people67. no, notno=not a/any例：no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water68. no mo

22、re than, not more thanno more than 相当于only，仅仅，只有；not more than 至多，不超过。69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词，例：the majority of peoplemost 可数不可数均可。70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的；for oneself 为自己；to oneself 供自己用的；of oneself 自行的，自动的，例：The door opened of itself.71. at

23、all, after allat all 根本，全然；after all 到底，毕竟，例：After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物，例：He is tall.high 常指物体。73. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，例：run fastquickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，例：answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高；highly 抽象的高，高度的，例：think highly of75. healthy, healthful

24、healthy 健康的，健壮的；healthful 有益于健康的，例：healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep,sleepysleeping 正在睡觉，例：a sleeping babyasleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，例：The baby is asleep.sleepy 困的，有睡意的，例：Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品，例：a gold ringgolden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish78. most, mostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词

25、，例：most peoplemostly 大部分，是副词，例：the people are mostly79. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词，作状语，例：just the manvery 表强调时是形容词，用作定语，例：the very man80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离；broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，例：broad shoulders81. real, truereal 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，例：real goldtrue 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合，例：a true story82. respectfu

26、l, respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌，例：be respectful to the agedrespectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的。83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面；outward 还可用作形容词，例：an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语；pleased, pleasing 常用作表语；pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物，例：a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.85. und

27、erstanding, understandableunderstanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，例：an understanding girlunderstandable 可理解的，能够懂的，例：an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近，例：stand closeclosely 紧紧地，紧密地，例：closely connected87. ill, sickill 做表语；sick 定语、表语均可，例：a sick boy88. good, wellgood 形容词；well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词，例：He is

28、well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音；silent 不发出声音，但可以动；still 完全不动，完全无声响，例：He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力，例：work hardhardly 几乎不，例：I can hardly believe it.91. able, capableable 与不定式to do连用；capable 与of连用，例：He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎，差

29、不多”，和否定词连用用almost，例：almost nobody。93. late, latelylate 迟，晚；lately 最近，近来 例：I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live 均为活着的；living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置；live 只能做定语，lively 意为活泼的，例：all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，例：Im excited.

30、exciting 令人兴奋的，例：The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep 具体的深，例：dig deepdeeply 抽象的深，深深地，例：deeply moved97. aloud, loudaloud 出声地，例：read aloud 出声地读loud 大声地98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing；worthy后接to be done, of being done；例：It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being v

31、isited.99. bad, badlybad 形容词，例：go badbadly 副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为“很，非常”，例：I need the book badly.100. before long, long beforebefore long 不久以后；long before 很久以前；例：not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite 完全地，相当于completely，例：quite impossiblerather 修饰比较级102. happy, gladhappy 高兴，幸福，定表

32、均可，例：a happy girlglad 高兴，只能做表语103. instead, instead ofinstead 是副词，放在句首或句末，例：He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV.instead of 是介词短语，放在句中，例：He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词；much too 后接形容词，例：much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about

33、 to 表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语；be going to 侧重打算，想法；be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排 例：Im to meet him.（含双方事先约好的意思）106. raise, riseraise 及物动词；rise 不及物动词，例：The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring 拿来；take 带走；carry 随身携带；fetch 去回这一往返动作，例：fetch a box of chalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主语，花钱，花时间，spend

34、on sth./in doing sth;take 物做主语，花时间；pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for；cost 物做主语，花钱。109. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员，例：He joined the army five years ago.join in 参加小型的活动，join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动。110. learn, studylearn 学习，侧重学习的结果；study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究，例：study the problem111. want, hope, wish

35、want 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do；hope 希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope thatwish 希望（通常不能实现），wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n.，例：I wish you success.112. discover, invent, find outdiscover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西；invent 发明本来不存在的物体；find out 发现，查明，例：At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer 及物动词；

36、reply 不及物动词，例：to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave 离开；leave for 前往，例：He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob 抢劫，rob sb. of sth.，steal 偷，steal sth. from sb.116. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死，例：He shot the bird and it died.shoot at 瞄准，但不一定射中。117. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可，例：He dropped his v

37、oice.fall 不及物动词，例：Prices fell/dropped.118. search, search forsearch 后接地点，例：He searched his pocket for money.search for 后接东西119. used to, be used toused to 过去常常；be used to 习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. 例：He is used to getting up early.120. win, beatwin 后接sth. 反义词为lose，例：win the gamebeat 后接sb.，

38、例：beat them121. live on, live bylive on 以为主食，例：live on fishlive by 靠谋生，例：live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat 连续性地击打，例：beat the wingshit 打中，对准打；strike 打一下或若干下。123. meet, meet withmeet 遇到；meet with 体验到，遭遇到，例：meet with an accident124. lose, misslose 失去（具体的物体），错过，例：sth. is lost, lose the chance；mi

39、ss 想念，错过，例：sth. is missing, miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of 厌烦be tired with/from 因为而累了，例：be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care forcare about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中。例：He doesnt care about his clothes.care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意。例：I dont care for movies.127. ca

40、tch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；have a cold 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，例：She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for 调换成，例：the shirt for a bigger one.change into 变成为. 例：Water changes into ice.129. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动、被动均可。例：The story is to be continued.las

41、t只能用主动，例：The war lasted/continued five years.130. feed, raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养；raise 饲养，养育（孩子），例：raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生；go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice 注意到；observe 观察，仔细地看，例：observe the starscatch sight of 突然看到133. insist on,

42、 stick toinsist on 坚持要求，后常接doing；stick to 坚持, 后常接sth. 例：stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook 指从外表上看，例：look like his fatherseem 指内心的判断；appear 指给人以表面的印象，例：appear wise135. gather, collectgather 把分散的东西集中到一起；collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集，例：collect stamps136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do 打算，想要做某事；mean

43、 doing 意思是，意味着。例：By this I mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等；die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素。例：die of hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for 为付钱，例：pay for the book；pay back 还钱，但不一定还清；pay off 还清，例：pay off the debt139. divide, separatedivide 把一个整体分成几部分，例：divide the apple；separate 把连在一起的个体分开，例：separate the houses140. arrive, get, reacharrive 不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)。例：arrive in Beijingget 不及物动词后接to，例：get to Beijingreach 及物动词，例：reach Beijing