间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座培训课件.ppt
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1、间质干细胞和急性肺损间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座伤专业知识讲座ARDS was first recognized in the 1960s1 as a clinical syndrome of severe acute respiratory failure presenting with hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,most often in the setting of pneumonia,sepsis,or major trauma.lARDS最初在1960年,被人们认识为严重急性呼吸衰竭的临床综合征;l血氧不足和双边
2、肺浸润,通常继发于肺炎、败血症、或严重的的创伤;间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座2distinction between(ALI)and ARDS relates to the severity of hypoxemia,with the former having a PaO2/FiO2 of less than 300,the latter with a PaO2/FiO2 of less than 200.lung endothelial injury,alveolar epithelial injury,the accumulation of protein-rich fluid、c
3、ellular debris in the alveolar spacel急性肺损伤(ALI)和ARDS的区别主要指血氧不足严重程度,前者有PaO2/FIO2小于300;l后者PaO2/FIO2不足200;lALI/ARDS的发病机制涉及肺血管内皮损伤,肺泡上皮损伤,富含蛋白质液体的增加和肺泡腔内的细胞残骸.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座3流行病学流行病学l2005年,大约200000名患者在美国发展为lALI/ARDS,估计有40%的死亡率。l采用肺保护性通气时代,死亡率下降大约25%。l In 2005,approximately 200,000 pts in the United S
4、tates lALI/ARDS,with an estimated mortality of 40%.l In the era of lung protective ventilation,mortality has declined to approximately 25%.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座4l大量的临床试验,药物治疗吸入表面活性剂(inhaled surfactant)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide)、前列环素(prostacyclins),糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids),抗氧化剂(antioxidants),酮康唑(ketoconazole)并非AL
5、I治疗标准;lALI肺泡的病理生理,任何单一分子不可能逆转综合症的过程,使临床获益;l reverse the course of this syndrome、provide substantial clinical benefit.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座5l细胞为基础的疗法 cell-based therapies l能产生炎症分子 moleculesl调节炎症反应 modulate inflammatory cascades l增强修复 enhance repair l间充质干细胞可能是理想的选择l Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSC)间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专
6、业知识讲座6间充质干细胞间充质干细胞:一般属性一般属性l间充质干细胞(msc)lself-renewing isolated from bone marrow differentiate into muscle,bone,fat,fibroblasts,and cartilage.l能重建造血的环境 reconstitute a hematopoietic environment,regenerate bone tissue;l起初被称为成纤维细胞的集落形成单位colonyforming unit-fibroblastic,(CFU-F);l骨髓基质细胞marrow stromal cells
7、,lMSC间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座7l仍然不知道间充质干细胞是否来自中胚层,或者神经上皮,或来自不同来源的发展阶段lwhether MSCs originate from the mesoderm,from the neuroepithelium,or from different sourceslMSC 骨髓、脂肪,脐带血,胎盘组织、肌腱和骨骼肌、bone marrow、also from fat,umbilical cord blood,placental tissue,tendons、skeletal muscle 间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座8l国际上细胞治疗提出标准:
8、l1.粘附整形adherence to plastic;l2.expression of CD105、CD73 CD90;lack of expression of CD45、CD34、CD14 CD11b,CD79a、CD19和人类白细胞抗原(HLA)II;l3.ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,adipocytes,and chondroblasts in vitro.成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞的能力。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座9lother properties l1.produce a wide variety of mole
9、cules,including hematopoietic factors,chemokines,and angiogenic factors,包括造血因子,趋化因子和血管生成素。l2.immunomodulatory effects l3.MSC 基因治疗的载体,并帮助诱导、同种异体骨髓移植耐受性。l4.MSC在疾病潜伏期模型获益,克罗恩病、创伤性脑损伤、Crohn disease、traumatic brain injury。l5.several types of lung disease 间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座10MSCs IN LUNG DISEASE l博来霉素暴露小鼠肺
10、纤维化、Bleomycin exposure fibrotic lung diseasel分离小鼠的干细胞并且静脉注射,随后7天,肺损伤的区域发现外源性间充质干细胞存在,且细胞具有上皮细胞的特征;l显著降低肺内胶原蛋白沉积,减少基质蛋白酶2和9表达;lreduced collagen deposition and expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座11l肺移植(lung engraftment.):强大抗炎作用 antiinflammatory effects;lblocks increase in
11、 interleukin (IL)-1a,白介素1(IL)产生。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座12lgreen fluorescent protein(GFP)标记MSC治疗的博来霉素诱导6h的小鼠,improved survivallGFP标记的MSC,表达纤维细胞(fibroblasts),肌纤维细胞(myofibroblasts),type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座13 MSCs umbilical cord tissueintravenously bleomycin in mice;MSCs
12、were identified 2 weeks inflamed portions of the lung。脐带组织干细胞,静脉应用于老鼠体内,2周内肺内发现。MSC减少胶原蛋白及细胞信号转导分子(Smad2)浓度,表明这些细胞已经具有抗纤维化属性。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座14lbronchopulmonary dysplasia,MSCs intratracheally rats exposed to prolonged hyperoxia.reduced apoptosis,myeloperoxidase activity,and collagen deposition,infl
13、ammatory molecules IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a,differentiated into type II alveolar epithelial cells,l支气管肺的发育不良动物模型,长期氧过多暴露老鼠气管内注入干细胞,发现能够显著降低细胞凋亡、髓过氧化物酶活性和胶原沉积,以及炎性分子il-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)。此外,少数细胞分化成II型肺泡上皮细胞。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座15同样试验也提示可以提高存活率及运动耐量改善,和减少肺泡和肺血管损伤,以及肺动脉高压。类似试验间充质干细胞气管内给药,能够降低大鼠肺动脉高压,改
14、进血管内皮功能。van Haaften and colleagues reported that intratracheal MSCs improved survival、exercise tolerance,and decreased alveolar and vascular lung injury,pulmonary hypertension间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座16lrat model emphysema MSC reduced emphysematous changes.lMSCs differentiated into type II alveolar epitheli
15、al cells.lMSCs have therapeutic effects in several models of lung disease.lantiinflammatory properties,mitigating the lung damage in ALI.l辐射引起的老鼠肺气肿模型,间充质干细胞减少肺气肿形成,分化成II型肺泡上皮细胞;l在肺部疾病的模型中有治疗作用,适用于ALI。l 间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座17MSCs IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ALI AND SEPSIS:EVIDENCE OF BENEFICIAL EFFECTS 干细胞在急性肺
16、损伤和脓毒症的动物模型:有利的证据干细胞在急性肺损伤和脓毒症的动物模型:有利的证据l脂多糖(LPS)用于ALI的动物模型;l气道给予LPS,48h诱发中性粒细胞聚集,与微血管通透性增加有关;l在ALI中,经鼻腔注入LPS,MSC 4h后在外周血中显著增加。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座18lThey next subjected irradiated mice with bone marrow reconstituted from GFP transgenic donors to intranasal LPS,and showed abundant GFP-positive cells i
17、n the lungs 3 weeks later.Some of these cells expressed cytokeratin,a marker of epithelial cells,whereas others expressed CD34,a marker of endothelial cells.l辐照骨髓抑制小鼠,骨髓重建鼻内植入GFP标记MSC,3w在肺部发现GFP标记MCS。l一些细胞表达上皮细胞标记细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin),而其他细胞表达CD34,内皮细胞的标记。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座19lsuggested that endogenous MS
18、Cs play an important role in repairing inflammatory damage following LPS.l内源性MSC在LPS诱导的急性炎症反应修复中起重要的作用。l在一些试验中,低于致死剂量的辐照引起骨髓抑制,鼻腔内的LPS产生类似的组织学损伤,且支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)中性细胞增多,1W后产生肺气肿。l表明缺乏内源性MSC后破坏正常的修复过程。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座20MSCs intravenously 30 minutes,3 days later in BAL total cell reduction decrease in in
19、flammatory infiltrates,interalveolar septal thickening,and interstitial edema.气管内小鼠体内,静脉MSC 30min,3天可以发现显著减少BAL中总细胞和中性粒细胞计数。组织学分析证实减少炎症浸润,小叶间隔增厚,间质水肿。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座21 intraperitoneal LPS 1 mg/kg (a dose that causes minimal mortality),1 hour later infused MSCs or fibroblasts intravenously.MSCs,red
20、uced lung neutrophils at 6,24,and 48 hours.腹腔注射LPS 1mg/kg(最小致死量),1h后静脉干细胞细胞或成纤维细胞l干细胞治疗6、24和48h后肺部N%及总数下降间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座22lMSC intratracheally to mice 4h,after 5 mg/kg LPS,(a dose significant mortality).MSC-treated mice improved survival lPBS-treated mice:l 80%versus 42%48 hours,l 64%versus 18%72
21、hours.l间充质干细胞小鼠气管内的给药,随后4小时5毫克/公斤脂多糖气管内给药,(可以产生显著的死亡率剂量)l干细胞治疗后的小鼠改善生存l相对于PBS-治疗后老鼠:l80%和42%在48小时内,l80%对18%在72小时。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座23lHistologic analysis at 48 hours revealed less hemorrhage and edema.Nonviable MSCs and fibroblasts did not replicate this effect,suggesting undifferentiated,viable MSCs
22、 were required to ameliorate LPS-induced ALI.lMSC通过肺水(lung water),湿/干比(wet/dry ratio),and BAL蛋白质浓度 BAL protein concentration 48h后组织学显示出血和水肿减少l 提示未分化,有活性干细胞可以改善LPS诱导的ALI。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座24l在肠杆菌肺炎模型中 大肠杆菌诱导小鼠肺炎中。4h后,这些小鼠气管内注入MSC、PBS,或成纤维细胞。l通过BAL中性粒细胞计数衡量,干细胞显著降低了肺部炎症。lMSCs,PBS,or fibroblasts.MSCs re
23、duced lung inflammation,as measured by BAL neutrophil count.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座25l最近研究了盲肠的结扎和穿刺(CLP)脓毒症小鼠模型。l6h后,MSC或NS 静脉注射,所有小鼠每天均有广谱抗生素治疗。lSix hours following CLP,MSCs were infused intravenously.All mice received daily broad-spectrum antibiotics.间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座26MSCtreated mice had decreased BAL
24、cell counts and albumin、reduced inflammatory lung infiltrates and interstitial edema 28h.benefit of MSCs was not to the lungs,MSC-treated mice had reduced apoptotic kidney cells and improved serum creatinine.CLP results in severe systemic injury,as shown by 45%mortality at 28h.MSC treatment improved
25、 mortality by 50%.l干细胞治疗后小鼠肺泡灌洗液细胞计数和白蛋白减少。l28h炎症性肺部浸润,间质水肿减轻。l除肺部外、肾脏细胞凋亡减少,血清肌酐下降。l脓毒症全身性损伤,28h 45%的死亡率。治疗后死亡率下降50%。间质干细胞和急性肺损伤专业知识讲座27lintravenous(IV)MSCs or control cells(heatkilled MSCs or skin fibroblasts)24h before or 1 hour after CLP in mice.lAnd broad-spectrum antibiotics.survival benefit f
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