人教新目标版八年级英语下册初二1-10期末复习单元知识点语法总结.pptx

1、Review of Units 1-5,Unit 1 Whats the matter?,一、询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法 二、情态动词should的用法,一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法,(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：,Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？ Are you OK?你没事吧？ I

2、s there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？,(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：,某人+have/has+病症 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. 某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 某部位+hurt(s). 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位。 (There is)something wrong with ones+身体部位,二 情态动词should的用法,1Should为情态

3、动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。,2Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。,【拓展】在英语中，表示建议：,Would you like (to do) sth？ = feel like doing 想要愿意（做）某事吗？ Shall I/we do sth ?做好吗？ Why not do sth ? = why dont you do sth ?为什么不呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ Lets do sth让我们做吧。 。 had be

4、tter (not) do sth最好（不）要做某事。,Unit 2 Ill help clean up the city parks,动词不定式 A. 作主语 B. 作宾语 C. 作（后置）定语 D. 作宾语补足语 E. 动词不定式作状语 F. 固定句式,A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。,常用句型： It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth.,B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, l

5、earn, plan, need, teach, prepare，等后常接动词不定式作宾语。 常用形式： V.+ to do sth.,C. 作（后置）定语 常用形式： have/hassth.to do enough名词to do Its time to do sth.,D. 作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call，等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,常用形式：tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.,【注意】,动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:,一感(feel) 二

6、听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have) 五看(look at, see, watch, notice，observe) 半帮助(help),E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。,常用结构: too + adj./adv. + to do sth.,F. 固定句式,had better (not) do sth. Would you like to do sth.? Why not do sth.? Wo

7、uld you please (not) do sth.?,Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?,Could you please.?句型 （1）请求别人时通常用此句型.用could在语气上更委婉、客气、诚恳。 （2）对could you/I.?的问句作出回答,肯定：sure/certainly/of course 否定：sorry或oh,please dont,（3）表示请求的句式： Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Lets do Shall I/we do.? Please do.(祈使

8、句前加please),比较：could you please.和 could I Please. 前者是请求别人帮忙 后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许,Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?,一、提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式： How /what about doing sth.?怎么样？ Youd better (not) do something.最好（不）做某事 Would you like sth ?想要 Lets do sth? What should I do ?,二、until, so that ,alt

9、hough引导的状语从句：,1.在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，表示“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 如果主句用否定式，表示“直到才”, 谓语动词可用短暂性动词。 2.so that引导目的状语从句（“为了，以便”）3.although相当于though（“尽管，虽然”），引导让步状语从句。,Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？,过去进行时,结构 ： was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing,比较：一般过去时VS过去进行时用法的: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或

10、存在的状态, 过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。,区别 ：when&while,1.由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 2.由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。 3.如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。,eg: the teacher came in, we were talking. we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing we were dancing.,when,while,while,

11、Practicing Time,Review of Units 6-10,Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains,1. unless引导条件状语从句 2.as soon as引导时间状语从句 3. so.that引导结果状语从句,1. unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if not 除非，若不,eg: They will go tomorrow unless it rains. =,2. as soon as引导时间状语从句 （就）,They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.,eg: He

12、 will come and see you as soon as he can.,3. so.that引导结果状语从句,句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句 eg:The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 eg:It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 eg:He has so few friends th

13、at he often feels lonely. 句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 eg:I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen.,Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?,形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级,（一）原级句型：,1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样,注意：只能修饰原级的词有very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等,2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B 表示

14、A不如B,（二）比较级句型,1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 2.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？,3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越“ 注意：加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越 4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。,5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“A是两者中较的”。 6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短

15、语)“ 表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“A最”。 Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.,（三）最高级常用句型结构,1“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语” 表示“是中最的”。 eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. .,2“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语

16、” 表示“是中最之一” eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.,【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg: He is the best student in my class He is my best friend.,3“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？” 用于三者以上 eg :Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or the earth?,4.“the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围” 表示是第几大（）

17、eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .,（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化,规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加er或est; eg: tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st; eg: nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est; eg: heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， eg. big-big

18、ger-biggest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级; eg: slowly-more slowly-most slowly； beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful,不规则变化,Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 现在完成时,1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2）表示从

19、过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 （与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ago, so far等时间状语连用） 3） 基本结构及句型转换： 肯定句：主语+have/has+done 否定句：主语+have/has+not+done 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done,现在完成时的标志,常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。 eg: Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my h

20、omework. for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 时间 段+ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。 eg: They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.,has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别,Have/Has gone(to) :去了还没回来（强调动作） Eg.：-Where is your father？ -He has gone to Shanghai. Have

21、/Has been (to) :去过已经回来 Eg.：My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：待了多久（强调持续状态） Eg.： My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.,【注意】短暂性动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用， 需要改变动词。,动词过去式和过去分词的变化,规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如： pick

22、 picked; wish wished ; stay stayed 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如： like liked ; hope hoped; phone phoned 3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如： study studied ; hurry hurried ; reply replied 4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如： stop stopped ; clap clapped,不规则变化：,5. 以不变应万变。如： let let ; put put ; read read 6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如： feel felt ; keep kept ; sleep slept 7. 结尾的字母d变t。如： lend lent ; build built ; send sent 8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如： buy bought ; bring brought; catch caught ; teach taught,The End,