pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎全英文课件.pptx
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎全英文课件.pptx》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- pneumonia 呼吸系统 肺炎 英文 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、1 Functions Breathing process Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon DioxideEnable speech productionoxygencarbondioxideAlveolarAlveolar/0-0-Hyperpnea Cyanosis02co2uRespiratory System(一)(一)pandect2 The influencing factors of respiratory diseasesuRespiratory System(一)(一)pandect Air pollution and smoking Inhale
2、d allergens The variation of etiology and Drug resistance increases Signs and symptoms Cough Laryngitis/bronchitis/bronchial asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)/lung cancer Expectoration Lung abscess/bronchiectasis/pneumonia Hemoptysis pulmonary Tuberculosis Dyspnea Pneumothorax/pleur
3、al effusion/left heart failure Stethalgia hemothorax/Pulmonary thromboembolismuRespiratory System(一)(一)pandect Lab and other inspectionBlood testsantigen skin test phlegm examination pleural effusionthoracicopunctureradio examination uRespiratory System(一)(一)pandectbronchoscopyThoracoscope lungobiop
4、sysupersonic inspectionrespiratory function testPulmometry Respiratory System2022-10-21Defense mechanism difens meknizmof the respiratory tract(呼吸道防御机制)(呼吸道防御机制)Filtrationfiltrein and depositiondepzn 滤除及沉积(nasal function鼻功能)pathogenspdns in the upper airways 上呼吸道病原体Cough reflex 咳嗽反射 Mucociliarymju:k
5、slr clearance 黏液纤毛清除 macrophagesmkrfed 巨噬细胞 Humoralhju:mrl and cellular seljl(r)immunity 体液及细胞的免疫 Oxidative ksdetv metabolism mtblzmof the neutrophils 中性粒细胞的氧化代谢uRespiratory System(二)、Pneumonia in general2022-10-21 鼻炎咽炎耳炎扁桃体炎喉炎细支气管炎uRespiratory SystemSinus/-itis sansats 鼻窦炎鼻窦炎 Pharyng/-itis.frndats
6、咽炎咽炎Laryng/-itis lrndats 喉炎喉炎Bronch/-itis brkats 支气管炎支气管炎2022-10-21rootmeaningexamplePneum(o)-Lung,airpneumothoraxnju:m:rks气胸 pneumonia肺炎 pneumatic nu:mtk充气的 pneumocystisnjumssts肺囊虫 pneumonectomynju:mnektm 肺切除术 pneumonrrhagia nju:mrei:d 肺出血 pneumographnju:mgr:f 呼吸描计议 pneumocytenju:mst肺细胞 pneumatocel
7、enju:mtsi:l 肺膨出Pulmo(o)-Pulmonaryplmnri肺的,肺病的Path(o)-pathologyPathobiologypbald 病理学 Pathogenpdn病原体Pathogenesis pdenss 发病机理 pathologistpldst 病理学家Muc(o)-SlimeMucoidmju:kd粘液样的 mucociliarymju:kslr 黏液纤毛的 mucositismju:ksats 黏膜炎Myx(o)-Myxomamksm粘液瘤 myxobacteriamksbktr 黏细菌myxiod粘液样的Bronchogenicbrnkdenk 支气管原
8、的 bronchoscopybrntskp支气管镜检查术 bronchitisbrkats 支气管炎 bronchospasmbrkspzm支气管痉挛Bronchoconstrictionbrntknstrkn支气管狭窄2022-10-21rootmeaningexampledys-有病的、不正常的、有障碍的dyspnea(呼吸困难)dspni:、dyscrasia(恶病质)dskrezj、dysentry(痢疾)dsntr、dysplasia(发育异常)dsple pnea呼吸eupnea(呼吸正常)ju:pni:、tachypnea(呼吸急促)tkpni:hyper-超出、在之上、高于、过
9、度hyperadenosis(腺增大)haprdnss、hyperaemia(充血)hapri:m、hyperinsulinism(胰岛素分泌过多)hapnslnzm、hyperpiesia(血压过高)hap(:)pazj、hyperthyroid(甲状腺功能亢进)hapard hypo-在下、次于、不足hypothermia(低体温)hap:mi、hypoglottis(舌下部)hapglts、hypoacidity(胃)酸过少 hpsdt、hypocalcemia(低血钙)hapklsi:m、hypoglycemia(低血糖)hapglasi:m uRespiratory System20
10、22-10-21Etiology病因 There are two factors involved in the formation of pneumonia,参与肺炎形成的两个因素,including pathogens and host defenses.包括病原体和宿主防御 uRespiratory System2022-10-21Causative organisms致病微生物 Bacteria细菌 Mycobacteria分枝杆菌 Chlamydiae衣原体 Mycoplasma支原体 Fungi真菌 Parasites寄生虫 Viruses病毒rootmeaningexampleg
11、erm-病菌germicide杀菌剂d:msad bacteri-细菌bacteriology细菌学 bacteriemia菌血症bktrmj bactericide杀菌剂bktrsad bacill-杆菌bacillemia杆菌血症bsli:m-coccus球菌diplococcus双球菌dplkks、gonococcus淋球菌gnkks strept-链streptococcus链球菌属streptkks staphyl-葡萄staphylococcus葡萄球菌属stflkks、staphyloma葡萄肿stflm monil-念珠菌moniliasis念珠菌病mnlass fung-真菌
12、fungoid似真菌的,状的fgd、fungicide杀真菌剂fngsad myc-霉菌mycoology霉菌学,真菌学 antimycotic抗真菌的2022-10-21Classification分类 Classification of anatomy按解剖分类 Classification of pathogen按病原体分类 Classification of acquired environment按患病环境分类 uRespiratory System2022-10-21Classification by anatomy按解剖按解剖分类分类 Lobar大叶性大叶性:Involvemen
13、t of an entire lobe 一个完整的叶的参与 Lobular小叶性小叶性:Involvement of parts of the lobe only,segmental or of alveoli contiguous to bronchi(bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎).只有部分的肺叶,节段性支气管或相连的肺泡受累;Interstitial间质性间质性ntstl :Involvement of the interstitial tissue of the lungs肺间质组织参与 uRespiratory System2022-10-21Classificatio
14、n by pathogen按病原体分按病原体分类类Pneumococcal pneumonia ,njumkkl肺炎球菌肺炎Staphylococcal pneumonia stflkkl 葡萄球菌肺炎Mycoplasmal pneumonia肺炎支原体肺炎Chlamydia pneumonia klmidi 肺炎衣原体肺炎 Viral pneumonia病毒性肺炎Pulmonary candidiasis knddass 肺念珠菌病Pulmonary aspergillosisspdilusis 肺曲霉菌病klebsiella pneumoniaklebziel 克雷伯杆菌肺炎legiona
15、ires disease li:dne 军团菌肺炎uRespiratory System2022-10-21Classifications by acquired environment按患病环境分类按患病环境分类 Community-acquired pneumonia:社区获得性肺炎:。Occur in community within 48 hour.在社区48小时内发生 S.pneumonia is the most common CAP in people older than 60.Most common during winter and spring.60岁以上的老人中最常见肺
16、炎链球菌肺炎,常发生在冬季和春季。Hospital-acquired pneumonia:医院获得性肺炎医院获得性肺炎 Certain illness may predispose HAP because of:Impaired defenses or chronic illness;Coma昏迷,malnutrition营养不良,prolong hospitalization住院时间延长;Numerous intervention介入 as endotracheal intubation 某些疾病导致医院获得性肺炎:受损的防御或慢性疾病;昏迷,营养不良住院时间延长;气管插管等较多的介入治疗。
17、2022-10-21Symptoms Cough Dyspnea呼吸困难 dspni:Pleuritic肋膜炎的 plrtk chest pain胸痛 Fever or hypothermia发热或低体温 Myalgias肌痛 mald Chills/Sweats发冷/出汗 Fatigue疲劳 fti:Headache Diarrhea腹泄 sinusitis鼻窦炎sansats expectoration咳痰 uRespiratory System2022-10-21全身怕冷湿冷发青痰痰短气胸膜炎的plrtk 胸痛咳血hmptss 疲劳fti:食欲差情绪波动血管的vskjl(r)恶心n:zi
18、呕吐呕吐 关节痛Pneumococcal pneumonia肺炎链球菌肺炎 The pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae nearly half of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)由肺炎链球菌引起的肺炎近一半是社区获得性肺炎.The disease onset is acute起病急and can be serious,accompanied伴有 by high fever,chills寒战,cough,bloody sputum痰中带血 and chest pain.uRespirato
19、ry System The pathological change病理变化is divided into four periods,分为四个时期,i.e.congestive stage充血期,red hepatization红色肝样变,gray hepatization灰色肝样变and resolution消散期.1 2 1,dilatation扩张dalten and congestion充血kndestn of the capillaries毛细血管 kplrz 2,the fibrinous纤维蛋白fabrns exudate渗出物eksdet uRespiratory System
20、This is noted clinically as oedema水肿di:m and congestion充血 in lung,alveolar exudate肺泡渗出,hematidhemtd infiltration红细胞浸润,leukocytelu:ksat infiltration白细胞浸润.Then the bacterium细菌will be eliminated消除through leukocytic phagocytosis白细胞吞噬作用.At last,the fibrous protein纤维蛋白is broken down and absorbed,the alveo
21、lar inflates again肺泡重新充气.这是临床表现为肺水肿和肺充血,肺泡渗出,红细胞浸润,白细胞浸润。然后细菌通过白细胞吞噬作用将被淘汰消除。最后,纤维蛋白分解和吸收,肺泡重新充气。uRespiratory System In fact,early treatment by using antibacterial抗菌的drug cause hepatization肝样变 in pathological stage does not have precise limits.We had rarely seen this typical pathological stage in cl
22、inical.事实上,通过使用抗菌药物引起肝病理阶段早期治疗没有确切的界限。我们很少看到这种典型的临床病理分期。uRespiratory System2022-10-21Etiology and pathogenesis organismS.pneumoniaeDynamic balance 2022-10-21 S.pneumoniae as the gram-positive bacillus,capsule,its virulence size related to the structure and content of capsular polysaccharide,in dry p
23、hlegm can survive for months,but direct sunlight for 1 hour,heat 52 degrees 10 min can be killed.uRespiratory System2022-10-21Etiology and pathogenesis The body keeps a dynamic equilbrium between the organism and S.pneumoniae as well as the internal and external envairoment,under normal conditions,S
24、.pneumoniae sent in the hunman oral cavity and nasopharynx,they are called“normal flora”.uRespiratory System2022-10-21Etiology and pathogenesis the pathogenicity of S.pneumoniae is due to the capsule invade the organization,first of all,cause to hydrops of alveolar walls,leukopedesis,overspreading t
25、he lung segment and pulmonary lobe.uRespiratory System2022-10-21Etiology and pathogenesis when the body resistance is too weak for the body to adapt to climatic change,when S.pneumoniae are excessive,When the dynamic equilbrium is damaged and cannot restored immediately,S.pneumoniae will become path
展开阅读全文