我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析培训课件.ppt

1、MoticA.中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况B.中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）C.中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按地域）D.中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）E.中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率F.全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况目录 CONTENTS1最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况目录 C O N T E N T S 1 最新Motic中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况总体肿瘤发病率和死亡率较高：肿瘤发病率：每10万人中有286人患癌；一生中有22%的概率患癌症。肿瘤死亡率：每10万人有181人患癌死亡；一生中有13%的概率患癌死亡；每分钟就有

2、6人被确诊为癌症，平均每5位癌症患者有3人死亡。2最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体情况总体肿瘤发病率和死亡率较高：Motic中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）相比女性，男性癌症发病率和死亡率都高：肿瘤发病率：男女之比1.3:1；肿瘤死亡率：男女之比1.65:1。一生中，男性患癌症概率为26%，女性19%一生中，男性因患癌死亡概率为17%，女性为9%患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，男性(71%)比女性(54%)高3最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按性别）相比女性，男性癌症发病率和死Motic中国肿瘤发

3、病率和死亡率（按地域）城市人口与农村人口相比，癌症发病率要略高，但一生中因患癌症死亡率要低：肿瘤发病率：城市与农村之比1.2:1；肿瘤死亡率：城市与农村之比1.02:1。一生中，城市患癌症概率为22.23%，农村21.76%。一生中，城市患癌死亡概率为12%，农村为15%。患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，城市人口(60%)比农村人口(71%)低4最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按地域）城市人口与农村人口相比，癌症Motic中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤发病率随人群年龄逐渐上升，特别是50岁以上随年龄增加而大幅上升 50岁以上占全部发病的80

4、%以上；80-85岁最高。5最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤发病率随人群年龄逐渐上升Motic中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤死亡率随人群年龄逐渐上升，特别是60岁以上随年龄增加而大幅上升 60岁以上约占全部死亡的63%以上；85岁以上达到最高。6最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国肿瘤发病率和死亡率（按年龄）肿瘤死亡率随人群年龄逐渐上升Motic中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率（总体情况）发病率与死亡率最高的均是肺癌，排名前十病种的发病率占比76.39%。排名前十病种的死亡率占比84.27%.7最新我

5、国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率和死亡率（总体情况）发病率与死亡Motic中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率（按性别）男性发病率最高的是肺癌，其次为胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病种的发病率占比84.14%。女性发病率最高的是乳腺癌，其次为肺癌、结直肠癌。排名前十病种的发病率占比77.57%。8最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国排名前十肿瘤病种的发病率（按性别）男性发病率最高的是肺癌Motic中国排名前十肿瘤病种的死亡率（按性别）男性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次为肝癌、胃癌。排名前十病种的死亡率占比88.33%。女性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次为

6、胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病种的死亡率占比81.12%。9最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022中国排名前十肿瘤病种的死亡率（按性别）男性死亡率最高的是肺癌Motic全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况10最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率具体情况1 0 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和MoticWorldwide1.1 :11.26 :1Total:12,700,000Total:7,600,00011最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022W o r l d w i d e 1.1 :1 1.2 6 :1 T oMoticDeve

7、loped countries12最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022D e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s 1 2 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticDeveloping countries13最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022D e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s 1 3 最新我国和全球肿Motic14最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/20221 4 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析1 0/2/2 0 2 2Motic15最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/

8、20221 5 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析1 0/2/2 0 2 2Motic16最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/20221 6 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析1 0/2/2 0 2 2MoticIt should also be noted that cancer tends to be diagnosed at later stages in many developing countries compared with developed countries and this,combined with reduced access to appropri

9、ate therapeutic facilities and drugs(Fig.3),has an adverse effect on survival.17最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022I t s h o u l d a l s o b e n o t e d t h a t cMotic18最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/20221 8 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析1 0/2/2 0 2 2MoticSelected CancersFemale Breast Cancer119最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e

10、 l e c t e d C a n c e r s 1 1 9 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide,accounting for 23%(1.38 million)of the total new cancer cases and 14%(458,400)of the total cancer deaths in 2008(Fig.2),About half the breas

11、t cancer cases and 60%of the deaths are estimated to occur in economically developing countries.20最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022B r e a s t c a n c e r i s t h e m o s t f r e qMoticIn general,incidence rates are high in Western and Northern Europe,Australia/New Zealand,and North America;intermediate

12、in South America,the Caribbean,and Northern Africa;and low in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.21最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022I n g e n e r a l,i n c i d e n c e r a t e s a rMoticThe factors that contribute to the international variation in incidence rates largely stem from differences in reproductive an

13、d hormonal factors and the availability of early detection services.22最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022T h e f a c t o r s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t oReproductive factors that increase risk12345 long menstrual history oral contraceptives late age at first birth nulliparity recent use of postmenopausa

14、l hormone therapy23最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022R e p r o d u c t i v e f a c t o r s t h a t i n c rMoticHow to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer?Maintaining a healthy body weight Increasing physical activity Minimizing alcohol intake Early detection strategies include the promotion of awa

15、reness of early signs and symptoms and screening by clinical breast examinationBest available strategies24最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022H o w t o r e d u c e t h e r i s k o f d e v eMoticSelected CancersColorectal Cancer225最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C a n c e r s 2 2 5 最新我国和全球肿瘤Motic

16、Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the 2nd in females,with over 1.2 million new cancer cases and 608,700 deaths estimated to have occurred in 2008.26最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022C o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r i s t h e 3 r d mMoticThe highest incidence rates are

17、 found in Australia and New Zealand,Europe,and North America,whereas the lowest rates are found in Africa and South-Central Asia.Rates are substantiallyhigher in males than in females.27最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022T h e h i g h e s t i n c i d e n c e r a t e s a rMoticTrends Risk FactorsRates conti

18、nue to increase in countries with limited resources and health infrastructure,particularly in Eastern Europe and Eastern AsiaWhile decreasing in several Western countries,particularly in UnitedStates,Canada,and AustraliaSmokingPhysical inactivityOverweight/ObesityRed and processed meat consumption E

19、xcessive alcohol consumption Population-based colorectal screening programs*According to a recent randomized trial in the United Kingdom,a one-time flexible sigmoidoscopy screening between 55 and 64 years of age reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 33%and mortality by 43%.28最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19

20、/2022T r e n d s MoticSelected CancersLung Cancer329最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C a n c e r s 3 2 9 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticLung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed canceras well as the leading cause of cancer death in males in 2008 globally.Among females,it was the 4th most commonly diagno

21、sed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death.Lung cancer accounts for 13%(1.6 million)of the total cases and 18%(1.4 million)of the deaths in 2008.30最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022L u n g c a n c e r w a s t h e m o s t c o m m oMoticIn males,the highest lung cancer incidence rates are in Easte

22、rn and Southern Europe,North America,and Eastern Asia,while rates are low in sub-Saharan Africa.In females,the highest lung cancer incidence rates are found in North America,Northern Europe,and Australia/New Zealand.31最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022I n m a l e s,t h e h i g h e s t l u n g c a nMoticSm

23、oking accounts for 80%of the worldwide lung cancerburden in males and at least 50%of the burden in females.32最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S m o k i n g a c c o u n t s f o r 8 0%o f t hMoticMale lung cancer death rates are decreasing in most Western countries,including many European countries,North A

24、merica,and Australia,where the tobacco epidemic peaked by the middle of the last century.In contrast,lung cancer rates are increasing in countries such as China and several other countries in Asia and Africa,where the epidemic has been established more recently and smoking prevalence continues to ei

25、ther increase or show signs of stability.33最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022M a l e l u n g c a n c e r d e a t h r a t e s aMoticby applying proven tobacco control interventions that include raising the price of cigarettes*and other tobacco products,banning smoking in public places,the restriction of ad

26、vertising of tobacco products,counter advertising,and treating tobacco dependence.avoid the burden of lung cancerBest strategy*a 10%increase in cigarette prices has been shown to reduce cigarette consumption by 3%to 5%.34最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022b y a p p l y i n g p r o v e n t o b a c c o c o n

27、MoticSelected CancersProstate Cancer435最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C a n c e r s 4 3 5 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticProstate cancer is the 2nd most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer death in males,accounting for 14%(903,500)of the total new cancer cases and 6%(258,400)

28、of the total cancer deaths in males in 2008。36最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022P r o s t a t e c a n c e r i s t h e 2 n d m o sMoticIncidence rates vary by more than 25-foldworldwide largely because of the wide utilization of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)testing.Death rates for prostate cancer have bee

29、n decreasing in many developed countries,including Australia,Canada,the United Kingdom,the UnitedStates,Italy in part because of the improved treatment with curative intent.37最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022I n c i d e n c e r a t e s v a r y b y m o r e tMoticthe only well-established risk factors Olde

30、r age Race(black)Family historythere are no establishedpreventable risk factors for prostate cancer.38最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022t h e o n l y w e l l-e s t a b l i s h e d r i s kMoticSelected CancersStomach Cancer539最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C a n c e r s 5 3 9 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticA t

31、otal of 989,600 new stomach cancer cases and 738,000 deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008,accounting for 8%of the total cases and 10%of total deaths.Over 70%of new cases and deaths occur in developing countries.Generally,stomach cancer rates are about twice as high in males as in females.40

32、最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022A t o t a l o f 9 8 9,6 0 0 n e w s t o m a c hMoticThe highest incidence rates are in Eastern Asia,Eastern Europe,and South America and the lowest rates are in North America and most parts of Africa.Regional variations in part reflect differences in dietary patterns,part

33、icularly in European countries,and the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.41最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022T h e h i g h e s t i n c i d e n c e r a t e s a rMotic1234the increased use and availability of refrigeration including the increased availability of fresh fruits and vegetables,and a d

34、ecreased reliance on salted and preserved foods.Rates have decreased due to(western countries):reductions in chronic H.pylori infection in most parts of the world.reductions in smoking in some parts of the developed world.In Japan,mortality rates may have declined via the introduction of screening u

35、sing photofluorography.42最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/20221 2 3 4 t h e i n c r e a s e d u s e a n d a v a iMoticSelected CancersLiver Cancer643最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C a n c e r s 6 4 3 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticLiver cancer in men is the 5th most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide but the

36、2nd most frequent cause of cancer death.In women,it is the 7th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer death.An estimated 748,300 new liver cancer cases and 695,900 cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2008.44最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022L i v e r c a n c e r i n m e n i s t

37、 h e 5 t hMoticHalf of these cases and deaths were estimated to occur in China.Globally,rates are more than twice as high in males as in females.45最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022H a l f o f t h e s e c a s e s a n d d e a t h sMoticRisk factors accounting for liver cancer12345 chronic HBV/HCV infection

38、nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseobesityalcohol-related cirrhosis aflatoxin B1 (AFB)exposure46最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022R i s k f a c t o r s a c c o u n t i n g f o r l iMoticLiver cancer incidence rates are increasing inmany parts of the world including the United Statesand Central Europe,possibl

39、y due to the obesity epidemic and the rise in HCV infection through continued transmission by injection drug users.In contrast to the trend in the low-risk areas,ratesdecreased in some historically high-risk areas,possibly due to the HBV vaccine.Universal infant hepatitis vaccination programs in Tai

40、wan reduced liver cancer incidence rates by about two-thirds in children and young adults.47最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022L i v e r c a n c e r i n c i d e n c e r a t e s aMoticintroduced the HBV vaccine into their nationalinfant immunization schedules(Fig.10).Preventive strategies against HCV,includ

41、e screening ofdonors blood for antibodies to HCV,institutingadequate infection control practices including the use of oral delivery of medicines where possible,and needle exchange programs among injection drug users.Crop substitution and improved grain storage practices have been shown to reduce con

42、tamination with AFB.avoid the burden of liver cancerBest strategy48最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022i n t r o d u c e d t h e H B V v a c c i n e i n tMotic49最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/20224 9 最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析1 0/2/2 0 2 2MoticSelected CancersCervical Cancer750最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022S e l e c t e d C

43、 a n c e r s 7 5 0 最新我国和全球肿瘤MoticCervical cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 4th leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide,accounting for 9%(529,800)of the total new cancer cases and 8%(275,100)of the total cancer deaths among females in 2008.More than 85%of these case

44、s and deaths occur in developing countries.India,the 2nd most populous country in the world,accounts for 27%(77,100)of the total cervical cancer deaths.51最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022C e r v i c a l c a n c e r i s t h e 3 r d m o sMoticWorldwide,the highest incidence rates are in Eastern,Western,and

45、 Southern Africa,as well as South-Central Asia and South America.Rates are lowest in Western Asia,Australia/New Zealand,and North America.The disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries and elsewhere in medically underserved populations is largely due to a lack of scree

46、ning that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer.52最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022W o r l d w i d e,t h e h i g h e s t i n c i d e nMoticThe most efficient and cost-effective screening techniques in low-resource countries visual Inspection acetic acid/Lugols iodine HPV DNA te

47、stingA recent clinical trial in rural India,a low-resource area,found that a singleround of HPV DNA testing was associated with about a 50%reduction in the risk of developing advanced cervical cancer and associated deaths.53最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022T h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t a n d c o s t-e

48、fMoticThe expectations that vaccines which primarily protect against the most common strains of HPV infections(HPV types 16 and 18),which cause about 70%of cervical cancers,may prevent cervical cancer worldwide are at present high.However,affordable pricing is the most critical factor to facilitate

49、the introduction of HPV vaccines in low-and medium-resource countries in the short term.It is also extremely important that women continue to receive screening services because the current vaccines are being given to adolescent girls only,and even vaccinated girls should begin screening when they re

50、ach the recommended screening age since the vaccines do not provide protection for the 30%of chronic infections by HPV types other than HPV 16,18,6 and 11 that cause cervical cancer.Dispute of HPV54最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析10/19/2022T h e e x p e c t a t i o n s t h a t v a c c i n e sMoticSelected Cancers