强直性脊柱炎傅志均课件.ppt
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1、2011-01-061顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Ankylosing spondylitis(AS),is a form of arthritis(关节炎关节炎)that primarily affects the spine,although other joints can become involved.It causes inflammation(炎症炎症)of the spinal joints that can lead to severe,chronic pain and discomfort.In the most advanced cases(but not i
2、n all cases),this inflammation can lead to new bone formation on the spine,causing the spine to fuse in a fixed,immobile position,sometimes creating a forward-stooped posture.This forward curvature of the spine is called kyphosis(驼背驼背).2011-01-062顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Low back pain,with prominent morn
3、ing stiffness;improves with use and warmth;sometimes nocturnal(夜间发生的夜间发生的)Often insidious(潜伏潜伏)in onset in young adults Loss of chest expansion(胸廓扩张度胸廓扩张度)as disease progresses Associated with peripheral arthritis,enthesitis(起止点炎起止点炎),and extra-articular manifestations,such as iritis(虹膜炎虹膜炎)Most fre
4、quently found in young men under 402011-01-063顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Non-traumatic back pain and stiffness(僵硬僵硬),which improves with activity Decreased range of motion in lumbar spineThoraco-cervical kyphosis(late)One-third of patients will have acute,unilateral uveitis.(葡萄膜炎葡萄膜炎)2011-01-064顺德和平创伤外科医院顺
5、德和平创伤外科医院Pseudoarthrosis(假关节假关节),cervical spine fracture,C1-C2 subluxation,cauda equina syndromePeripheral joint ankylosisRestrictive lung disease,upper lobe fibrosisAortic root dilation(20%)&murmur(2%)2011-01-065顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Bilateral(双侧双侧)sacroiliac(骶髂部骶髂部)tenderness A dramatic loss of flex
6、ibility(柔韧性、灵活性柔韧性、灵活性)in the lumbar spine is an early sign (Schober test)Loss of chest expansion,5cm),from diffuse costovertebral involvement Weight loss(also a symptom)2011-01-066顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Recurrent,acute iritis(虹膜炎虹膜炎)presents as a painful red eye Neurologic signs:resulting from compres
7、sion radiculitis(脊神经根炎脊神经根炎)or sciatica(坐骨神经痛坐骨神经痛)Anemia Aortic insufficiency,angina(咽峡炎咽峡炎),pericarditis (心包炎心包炎)2011-01-067顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Ankylosis(强直强直)of sacroiliac joints(骶髂关节骶髂关节)Syndesmophyte(韧带骨赘韧带骨赘)in the lumbar spineFusion of the interspinous ligament(棘间韧带棘间韧带)Arthropathy(关节病关节病)of
8、both hipsEnthesopathy(起止点炎起止点炎)of ischial tuberosity (坐骨结节坐骨结节)2011-01-068顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Family history:often one parent has AS.Clinical feature:back pain,immobile of joints,correlative singsX-ray:Ankylosis Syndesmophyte Arthropathy EnthesopathyLaboratory tests:erythrocyte sedimentation rate an
9、d C-reactive protein elevated2011-01-069顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSADs)can rapidly reduce the signs and symptoms Sulfasalazine(柳氮磺胺吡啶柳氮磺胺吡啶)has no clinically effective for AS;however,several studies suggest that it may be effective for peripheral arthritis associated
10、 with AS Methotrexate(甲氨蝶呤甲氨蝶呤)has not been shown to be effective in clinical trials for either the axial or appendicular manifestations of AS 2011-01-0610顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院Joint replacement surgery and spine surgery should be considered in patients with refractory pain or disability and radiograp
11、hic evidence of structural damage,independent of age.2011-01-0611顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院 强直性脊柱炎是主要累及中轴关节的慢性炎症性强直性脊柱炎是主要累及中轴关节的慢性炎症性疾病,主要引起脊柱的强直,主要病理基础是各个疾病,主要引起脊柱的强直,主要病理基础是各个椎间关节出现滑膜炎性改变、滑膜增生,血管翳形椎间关节出现滑膜炎性改变、滑膜增生,血管翳形成致软骨破坏和骨的侵蚀,进而引起机体的修复反成致软骨破坏和骨的侵蚀,进而引起机体的修复反应,导致关节的纤维性或者骨性强直和全身骨骼骨应,导致关节的纤维性或者骨性强直和全
12、身骨骼骨质疏松、韧性减弱,因此,在遭受外力作用时容易质疏松、韧性减弱,因此,在遭受外力作用时容易引起脊柱三柱损伤,并且多伴随脊髓损伤引起脊柱三柱损伤,并且多伴随脊髓损伤2011-01-0612顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院1895年-类风湿关节炎 1958类风湿性脊柱炎.“中枢性类风湿”、“中心型类风湿”、“变型性脊柱炎”、“骨化性骨盆部脊柱炎”、“青春期脊柱炎”等。发现类风湿因子后,“血清阴性关节炎”1963年美国风湿病学会废弃了“类风湿脊柱炎”病名而选用了“强直性脊柱炎”这一名称。1982年希氏内科学正式提出强直性脊柱炎不同 于类风湿性关节炎,是独立性的疾病。2011-01-06
13、13顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院 AS AS RA RA男女比例男女比例3-53-5:1 11 1:4 4家族史家族史明显明显不明显不明显发病年龄发病年龄10-3010-30岁岁30-5030-50岁岁HLA-B27HLA-B27(+)(+)(-)(-)RFRF(-)(-)(+)(+)病理病理附着点炎附着点炎滑膜炎滑膜炎骶髂关节炎骶髂关节炎(+)(+)(-)(-)关节受累关节受累大关节、少关节不对称大关节、少关节不对称小关节、多关节对称小关节、多关节对称脊柱脊柱全部,上升性全部,上升性颈椎颈椎关节外表现关节外表现较少较少较多较多X X线线骨强直,骶髂关节炎骨强直,骶髂关节炎侵蚀性关
14、节炎侵蚀性关节炎病情进展病情进展慢,慢,总致残率:15205%严重致残快,快,总致残率强直性脊柱炎与类风湿关节炎的区别强直性脊柱炎与类风湿关节炎的区别2011-01-0614顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院骨赘骨赘代替代替椎体椎体间的间的韧带韧带2011-01-0615顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院椎体角的骨炎 反应性的硬化(shiny corners)进一步侵蚀 椎体方形变 骨桥形成韧带骨赘的2011-01-0616顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院 骨桥形成2011-01-0617顺德和平创伤外科医院顺德和平创伤外科医院 保留间隙边沿和中间的骨化2011-01-06
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