LECTURE-TWO-法律语言特点教学课件.ppt
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- LECTURE TWO 法律 语言 特点 教学 课件
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1、Lecture Two Linguistic features of legal texts法律语言特点vR BC2020/12/111法律语言的篇章结构特点法律语言的篇章结构特点Structural features of legal texts法律语言的用词特点法律语言的用词特点Lexical features of legal language法律语言分类法律语言分类Classification of legal languagePractice Teaching Contents法律语言的句法特点法律语言的句法特点Syntactic features of legal language
2、2020/12/112一、法律语言分类一、法律语言分类Classification of legal language法律语言Legal/statutory language立法语言Legislative language司法语言Judicial language法律科学语言Language of legal science程序立法语言实体立法语言司法文书语言笔录语言司法谈话问话语言法庭演讲语言法庭辩论语言法学著述语言法学论文语言法律史语言法律哲学语言2020/12/113二、法律语言的用词特点二、法律语言的用词特点Lexical features of legal languagev法律语言
3、特点:词语的专业性、句法结构的模式性、表达方式的特定性、语体风格的庄严性v1.法律专业术语v仅用于法律领域,词义单一,表达准确,不含感情色彩。vE.g.法人、自然人、正当防卫、民事行为能力、当事人、过错责任、过失责任、不作为vDefendant(被告),plaintiff(原告),serial killer(系列命案凶手),homicide(杀人犯),affray(在公共场所斗殴罪),bigamy(重婚罪)2020/12/114v送达v传票v撤诉v一审v判决v上诉v终审v侵权v损害赔偿v过失责任v过错责任v连带责任v共同责任vFree on boardvBill of lading vLett
4、er of credit vDocuments against acceptancevClaimvForce majeurevArbitrationServiceSummonsDismissal of action(trial of)first instanceJudgmentAppealFinal judgmentTortDamagesNegligence liabilityFault liabilityJoint and several liabilityJoint liability船上交货提单信用证承兑交单索赔不可抗力仲裁2020/12/115v2.普通词汇转化为法律专业词汇v由普通词
5、汇转化而来,在法律语境中具有专业含义vE.g.He was awarded$500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.v (1)The testator died without issue.v (2)The parties could not agree on the issue.v (3)The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.v (4)Parties must wait for process to issue from the court.2020/12/116v
6、ConsiderationvActionvServicevNegligencevLimitationvOffervAcceptancevMinorvInstrumentvPreservationvExecutevDocumentaryvPrejudicevConclusionvNegotiationvAvoid对价诉讼送达过失时效要约承诺(承兑)未成年人法律文件保全签署跟单损害订立议付撤销2020/12/117v日常英语词汇vBeforevAftervBeginvAccording tovIfvObeyvAsk forvThinkvForvBy 3.正式词汇正式词汇法律英语词汇Prior to
7、Subsequent toCommenceIn accordance with,pursuant toWhere,provided thatComplyPrayDeem,holdFor the purpose ofBy virtue of2020/12/118v4.古旧词vAforesaidvForthwithvHere words:hereafter,hereby,herein,hereinafter,hereinbefore,hereof,heretofore,hereunder,herewithvWithout let or hinderancevSaidvPursuant tovSuc
8、hvThence,thenceforthvThere words:thereabout,thereafter,thereat,thereby,therefor,therefore,therein,thereon,thereto,theretofore,thereunto(相当于in the document/place referred to),thereunder,thereupon,therewithvWhere words:whereas(相当于given the fact that),whereat,whereby,whereofvWitness(以签名或宣誓方式作证时,如 In wi
9、tness whereof,.特此证明)2020/12/119 Ad hocvAlibivBona fidevVersusvForce majeurevAlienvAssignsvColorvCurtesyvDowervDemisevDemurvFeevLachesvLienvMalfeasancevordainvRecordvRemisevResiduevSuitvSuffervTortvSpecialtyvPurviewvstyle专门的辩解真诚的,善意的对抗不可抗力转让代理人,受让人,受托人托辞,借口鳏夫对亡妻的遗产受益权亡夫遗产遗赠抗辩,反对继承的不动产行使权力的疏忽、懈怠留置权;抵押
10、权渎职,滥用职权任命,委任诉讼记录让与剩余财产诉讼允许侵权盖印合同(契约)法规条文;条款部分称谓5.外来词2020/12/1110v6.并用近义词v为确保准确性和严密性,避免歧义,法律语言中常并列使用近义词。v求同型:vNull and void 无效;terms and conditions 条款;provisions and stipulations 规定v求异型:vObligation and liability 义务和责任;interpretation and construction 理解和解释 2020/12/1111v7.规约性情态动词vShall 在法律文件中表示义务,否定形式
11、表禁止vThe Licensee shall retain recordings of good quality of all its works for such a period as specified by the Licensing Authority and shall submit them to the Licensing Authority for examination on demand.v持证人须在发证当局指明的期间内,为其全部作品保存质量良好的录制品,并且在发证当局提出要求时,须将该等录制品呈交发证当局审查vThe arbitral tribunal shall st
12、ate the reasons upon which the award is based.v仲裁庭应当阐明裁决所依据的理由。vThis Convention shall not affect,or be incompatible with,the application of any international convention or national law relating to the regulation and control of transport operations.v本公约不得影响任何有关运输业务管理的国际公约或国家法律的适用。2020/12/1112vMay表示权利
13、,其否定形式译为“不得”,语气弱于shall notvA contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the parties.v只要当事人达成协议,合同可以予以变更或修改。vThe death penalty may not in any event be passed on a person under 18 years of age,nor on an expectant mother.v无论在任何情况下,均不得判处未满18岁者或孕妇死刑。2020/12/1113三、法律语言的句法特点法律语言的句法特点Sy
14、ntactic features of legal languagev1.陈述句为基本句型vE.g.纳税人销售货物或者应税劳务,应当向索取增值税发票的购买方开具增值税专用发票,并在增值税专用发票上分别注明销售额和销售税项。(中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例第21条)vA contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law.(The Contract Law of the Uni
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