2020高考英语语法专题突破课件：专题三　介词和介词短语.pptx

1、专题三 介词和介词短语,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句语法填空 1.(2018全国卷)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. 2.(2018北京卷)Good morning,Mr.Lees office. Good morning.Id like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon. 3.(2017全国卷)It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the road

2、s above as they travelled to and from work.,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. 5.(2017江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill

3、for our survival. 6.(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 7.(2016全国卷)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat with their hands. 8.(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句改错

4、1.(2018全国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 在which前加in或将whichwhere 2.(2018全国卷)At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,and he agreed. 去掉for 3.(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. onof 4.(201

5、7全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. 去掉for,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点一 表示时间和日期的介词 1.in用在表示年、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。 We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday. 2.for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during表示“在期间”;through表示“一直,自始至终”。 The

6、new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds. I went to France during the summer holiday. They worked hard through the winter.,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.from,since from表示时间的起点,意为“从”,多用于“from.to/till.”中;since表示“自从以来”。 I have been waiting here from morning till noon. Great changes have taken place in our sch

7、ool since Dec.,2015. 注意for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.before,by,till,until before指“在之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till/until“直到为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。 Please

8、come before ten oclock. September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.after,in after+一段时间:表示“在之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。 in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在之内”时,用于各种时态。 After eight it began to rain. Jane i

9、s in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点二 表示方位的介词 1.on意为“在的上面”;over意为“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意为“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意为“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在附近”;next to意为“紧挨着”;round/around意为“在周围”;by意为“在旁边”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等;across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从

10、旁经过”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用down;through指从某物的内部“穿过”;over指“越过”某一障碍物。 Pipes carry oil across the desert. It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on表示“接壤,相邻”;to表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China

11、.,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点三 表示计量的介词 1.at表示“以速度,以价格”。 The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money. 2.for表示“用交换,以为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 注意at表示单价(price),for表示总钱数。 3.by表示“按计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位前用定冠词the,接具体度量名词时该名词前不加冠词。 They are paid by the day.,-1

12、2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点四 表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词 1.by表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail通过电子邮件。 注意表示搭乘交通工具用by时,名词前不加冠词;用in时,名词前要加冠词。请比较: I went there by car/in a car. 2.with表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。 We speak with our mouths. 注意with表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。 3.in表示用某种材料或语言。 Please speak in English and write in ink. 4.t

13、hrough表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。 You can only achieve success through hard work.,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点五 表示“除之外”的介词 besides表示包含,“除之外还有”。except表示排除,“除之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。 but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用,其后可以接不定式。 except for表示“除之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修

14、正。 apart from表示“此外,除之外(还有)”,相当于besides/as well as;表示“撇开来说,除去”,相当于except(for);in addition to表示“除之外(还有)”,相当于besides。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains. Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic.,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点六 表示原因的介词 1.for表示原因,常与sorr

15、y,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。 The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 2.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而”。 He was surprised at the news. 3.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。 The young man died from an accident. 4.of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。 The old man died of hunger. 5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的

16、原因。 He was trembling with cold.,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。 She took your umbrella by mistake.,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点七 of和to 1.of+抽象名词=形容词 of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词 of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词 The book is of great value to our research. This old machine is of no use. 2.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”

17、 to+ones+情感名词=to the+情感名词+of sb. To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点八 against 1.(表示方向)与方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着 against the wind 迎着风;逆着风 2.(表示方位)紧靠着;倚靠着 against the wall 靠着墙 3.(表示对象)对不利;对有害;以为竞争对手;违反;违背 fight against同战斗;against the natural law 违背自然规律 It was a real race against

18、time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it. 4.(表示对比)和比;和对照;以为背景 against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点九 beyond 1.(表示位置)在/往另一边;在/往那一边;在/往的更远处 The house is beyond the bridge. 2.(表示时间)迟于;晚于;在之后 Dont stay here beyond midnight.不要在这里过夜。 3.(表示范围)超出;非所能及 The switch on the wall was beyond the chi

19、ldrens reach. 4.(表示程度)超出的范围;超过;对来说太难 Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades. 5.(表示数目)多于;超过 There werent beyond twenty people present.,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点十 常用介词短语 1.at at lunch在吃午饭 at table在吃饭 at school在上学 at peace在和平时期 at first=at the beginning初期 at the beginning of在的初始阶段 at the end of.在结束时,-21

20、-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.in in a sense从某种意义上说 in common共同;共有 in place在适当的位置 in practice在实践中;实际上 in public公开地;当众 in turn依次;轮流;反过来 in case以免;万一 in detail详细地 in office在执政 in power当权;在执政 in progress在进行中 in return作为回报,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,in time及时;最终 in the way挡路 in exchange for用以交换 in favour of同意;支持 in the meanwhile同时

21、in spite of不管;不顾 in terms of就来说 in addition to此外,除以外,-23-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.on on behalf of代表 on condition that以作为条件 on sale出售 on strike在罢工 on the increase正在增加 on the go忙个不停 on the air正在广播 on the contrary相反,-24-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.under under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论中 under development在发展中 under construc

22、tion在建设中 under repair在修理中 5.for for lack of由于缺乏 for the benefit of为了的利益 as for就而论;关于,-25-,高考感悟,考点归纳,6.by by chance=by accident偶然;碰巧 by name用名字;名叫 by far到目前为止 7.out of out of order发生故障;失调 out of place不得其所的;不适当的 out of control失去控制 out of ones reach某人够不着的地方 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问,-2

23、6-,.单句语法填空 1.Mom told me that nothing but red looked good against my skin. 2.“We didnt know what had happened to her,”said the woman at the door. 3.Which driver was to blame for the accident? 4.The students successfully conducted the experiment under the guidance of their teacher. 5.Even if my tears

24、 turn into a stream in May,still it cant carry all my grief away.,-27-,6. In reality,its the chair that does the important work. 7.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. 8.Mary couldnt put up with the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned last week. 9.He was so absorbed

25、in a book that he did not hear the bell. 10.We can hardly believe such a young boy should have traveled around the world all by himself.,-28-,.单句改错 1.From this experience,I have realized a good decision benefits from people. 去掉from 2.People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. 在out后加of,3

26、.We can finish the work either this week or in next week. 去掉in 4.More than one official has served for the people heart and soul. 去掉for 5.We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. 在instead后加of,-29-,.短文改错 Last Friday,the evening fell,but my parents hadnt come back home yet.I stopped doin

27、g my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait.It was my the first cooking.I went online to find information on how cook home-style dishes.With the step-by-step direction,I managed to make a dish.Then I tried to cook other.When my parents got home,they were amazing to see the tasty dishes I made.Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug.I real enjoyed the meal that evening.,-30-,答案:第一句:hadntdidnt 第二句:butand;waitwaiting 第三句:去掉the 第四句:在how后加to 第五句:directiondirections 第六句:otheranother 第七句:amazingamazed 第八句:forof 第九句:realreally,