人教新目标2019八年级英语下册Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world短语语法知识点汇总.doc

1、 1 1 Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the worldUnit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world 一、一、 必背短语必背短语 1.最古老的国家之一 one of the oldest countries 2.随意地做某事 feel free to do sth. 3.据我所知 as far as I know 4.最高的山脉 the highest mountain 5.其他任何一座山 any other mountain 6.在所有的咸水湖中 of all the salt lakes 7.绵延

2、 run along 8.呼吸空气 take in air 9.面对 in the face of 10.放弃做某事 give up doing sth. 11.实现某人的梦想 achieve one s dream 12.虽然；尽管 even though 13.出生时 at birth 14.兴奋地跑过去 run over with excitement 15.撞到某人 walk into sb. 16.摔倒 fall over 17.每两年 every two years 18. 砍伐森林 cut down the forests 19.濒危动物 endangered animals 2

3、0.处于危险之中 be in danger 21.大熊猫越来越少 fewer and fewer pandas 22. 的重要性 the importance of 23.Whats the+形容词最高级+名词 in the world? 世界上最的是什么？ 24. one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最的之一 25. There be sb/sth doing. 有某人/物正在做某 25.protectfrom/against+doing 保护使不受；防御 【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】 Section ASection A 1.1. about 9,600,000 abo

4、ut 9,600,000 squaresquare kilometres in size (P. 49)kilometres in size (P. 49) square 用作形容词，表示“平方的” ，用于数字后面表示面积。 Our new house is 95 square metres in size. 2.2. 1,025 meters deep1,025 meters deep. (P. 49). (P. 49) 英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为：基数词+单位词+形容词(long, wide, high, deep)。 The rope is two meters long. 3.3.

5、 Qomolangma is higher than Qomolangma is higher than any otherany other mountain in the world. (P. 49)mountain in the world. (P. 49) any other 意为 “其他任何一个” ， 后接可数名词单数， 常用于比较级结构中， 表示最高级含义， 可与 “the other+可数名词复数”或者 the others 互换。 Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in

6、his class. 4.4. China has the biggest China has the biggest populationpopulation in the world. (P. 50)in the world. (P. 50) population 表示“人口” ，是集合名词，对人口数量提问时，用 what 而不用 how many/much，population 2 2 若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式，强调个体时，谓语用复数形式。 Whats the population in China now? The population of this small to

7、wn is three thousand. More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old. 5.5. The main reason was to The main reason was to protectprotect their part of the country. (P. 50)their part of the country. (P. 50) protect 表示“保护”时，常用的结构为：protect.from.“保护免受” 。 Humans should do somet

8、hing to protect the environment. The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine. 6.6. As far as I knowAs far as I know, there are no other man, there are no other man- -made objects as big as this. (P. 50)made objects as big as this. (P. 50) as far as I know 意为“就我所知、我认为” ，相当于 as far as I am concerned

9、。 As far as I know, hell be away from three months. 7.7. One of the worldOne of the worlds most dangerous sportss most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)places for this is the

10、Himalayas. (P. 51) “one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最之一” ，作主语时，谓语动词用 单数形式。 Mary is one of the best students in our class. 8.8. Even more serEven more serious difficulties ious difficulties includeinclude freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (P. freezing weather conditions and heavy storms

11、. (P. 51)51) include 表示“包含、包括” ，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分，including 常用作介词，表示“包括” 。 The book includes eight units. He has many friends, including Tom. 9.9. It is also very hard to It is also very hard to take intake in air as you get near thair as you get near the top. (P. 51)e top. (P. 51) take in 意为“吸收” 。 Do

12、you know how plants take in water? 10.10. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeedsucceed was Junko Tabei was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. (P. 51)from Japan in 1975. (P. 51) succeed 表示“成功” ，常用的结构为：succe

13、ed to do sth.或者 succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某 事” 。 The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end. =The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end. 11.11. One of the main reasons is that people want to One of the main reasons is that people want to challen

14、gechallenge themselves themselves in the face ofin the face of difficulties. (P. 51)difficulties. (P. 51) (1) challenge 意为“挑战、考验” ，challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向某人挑战做某事” 。 3 3 He challenged me to play chess. (2) in the face 意为“面对（问题或者困难） ” They showed courage in the face of danger. 12.12. The spirit

15、 these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve achieve our dreams. our dreams. (P. 51) (P. 51) achieve 用作动词，表示“达到、完成、成功” 。 I believe you will achieve your dream in the end. 13.13. Why do so many people

16、 try to climb this mountain Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even thougheven though it is dangerous. (P. 51) it is dangerous. (P. 51) even though 意为“即使、虽然” ，相当于 even if，引导让步状语从句。 Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer. Section BSection B 1.1. weighsw

17、eighs 5,0000 kilos (P. 53) 5,0000 kilos (P. 53) weigh 此处作动词，表示“有重”，名词是 weight。 The baby weighed about 5 kilometres. What is his weight? 2.2. This elephant weighs This elephant weighs many times more thanmany times more than this panda. (P. 53) this panda. (P. 53) “倍数+比较级+than”表示“比大/多多少倍” 。 The room

18、looks three times bigger than that one. 3.3. At birthAt birth, a baby panda is about.(P. 53) , a baby panda is about.(P. 53) at birth 表示“出生时” 。 The baby weighed three kilometres at birth. 4.4. A panda can live A panda can live up toup to.(P. 53) .(P. 53) up to 表示“达到（某种数量或者程度） ” The theatre can hold

19、up to 500 people. 【拓展】【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人决定” You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you. 5.5. Panda keepers are Panda keepers are preparingpreparing milk for the baby pandasmilk for the baby pandas breakfast. (P. 54) breakfast. (P. 54) prepare for sth.“为做准备” They are preparing for the party t

20、onight. prepare.for.“为准备” We should prepare some sweets for Childrens Day. be prepared for“为作准备” The players are well prepared for the match. 4 4 6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already 6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awakeawake and hungrand hung

21、ry. (P. 54) y. (P. 54) awake 用作形容词，表示“醒着的” ，反义词是 asleep。 Is the baby asleep or awake? 7.7. Another 300 Another 300 or soor so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54)live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54) or so 意为“大约” ，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。 Th

22、ere are 30 workers or so in the factory. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 （一）（一）基数词基数词 I I. . 基数词的构成。基数词的构成。 基数词基数词 1 1- -1212 是独立的单词。是独立的单词。 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 基数词基数词 1313- -1919 是在个位数后面加是在个位数后面加- -teenteen 构成，其中构成，其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteenthirteen, fifteen,

23、eighteen 是不规则变化。是不规则变化。 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 整十的基数词整十的基数词 2020- -9090 是在个位数词后面加是在个位数词后面加- -tyty 构成，其中构成，其中 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eightytwenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 是不是不 规则变化。规则变化。 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, nin

24、ety 非整十基数词非整十基数词 2121- -9999 是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“- -”。 twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight 三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用 andand 连接。连接。 two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen 英语中没有英语中没有“万万”和和“亿亿”这两个单位，在表示这两个单位，在表示“万万”和和“亿亿”时，把时，把“万万”念成念成 10

25、10 个千，个千，“十万十万”念念 成成 100100 个千，个千，“亿亿”念成念成 100100 个百万个百万以此类推。以此类推。 10,000：ten thousand 100,000: a hundred thousand 100,000,000: a hundred million 35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five IIII. . hundred, thousand, million hundred, thousand, million 和和 billionbillion 的用法。的用法。 hundr

26、ed, thousand, million 和 billion 等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字 时，要用其复数形式，并且与 of 连用，表示约数。 e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。 2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长 城。 IIIIII. . 基数词表示编号基数词表示编号 5 5 例如： Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课 R

27、oom 306 306 房间 Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页 Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班 （二）（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词比较级的变化规则。形容词比较级的变化规则。 I I. . 规则变化规则变化 构成法构成法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 单音节词+er/est short shorter shortest cold colder coldest 以不发音 e 结尾的词+r/st wide wider widest large larger largest 单个辅音字母结尾的

28、重读闭音节词， 双写末尾辅音字母+er/est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i+er/est heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest 多音节词在前面+more/most important more important most important beautiful more beautiful most beautiful IIII. . 不规则变化不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/i ll wo

29、rse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest many/much more most little less least far farther/furthfarthest/furthe 6 6 er st 形容词比较级用法。形容词比较级用法。 I I. . 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is “A is 比较级比较级 than B”than B”。 e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before.

30、他工作比以前努力。 IIII. . 表示两者之间选择， 用表示两者之间选择， 用“which/who is “which/who is 比较级，比较级， A or BA or B？”表示表示“两者之间较两者之间较之一之一”时， 用时， 用“the “the + + 比较级比较级”结构。结构。 e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。 IIIIII.“.“越来越越来越”用用“比较级比较级 and an

31、d 比较级比较级”结构， 多音节和部分双音节词用结构， 多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more “more and more 原级原级”。 e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。 IVIV. . 表示表示“越越越越”时，用时，用“the+“the+比较级，比较级，the+the+比较级比较级”结构。结构。 e.g: The more careful you are, the more poin

32、ts you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。 形容词最高级用法。形容词最高级用法。 I I. . 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为级，结构为“the + “the + 最高级最高级+in/of + +in/of + 范围范围”。 e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。 2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。 IIII. . 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/

33、who is the+“which/who is the+最高级，最高级，A, B or CA, B or C？”。 e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？ IIIIII. . 表示表示“最最之一之一”用用“one of the“one of the 最高级最高级+ +可数名词复数可数名词复数”。 e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 IVIV. . 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示形容词最高级前面加序数词

34、，表示“第几第几”。 e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。 V V. . 比较级和最高级之间的互换。比较级和最高级之间的互换。 例如： He is taller than any other boy in our class. = He is taller than the other boys in our class. = He is the tallest boy in our class. 注意比较以下两个句子： Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内） = Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）