Unit 1 句子成分和句型精讲(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、句子成分基本句型句子成分句子成分TheThe beastbeast loves Belle.loves Belle.主语谓语宾语The fierce beast,owner of a castle,deeply The fierce beast,owner of a castle,deeply loves the beautiful Belle from a village.loves the beautiful Belle from a village.主语状语谓语定语宾语同位语状语定语非主干主干主语，谓语，宾语定语，状语，同位语，表语，补语TheThe beastbeast loves B

2、elle.loves Belle.主语动作的发起人,或是句子陈述的主体名词WeWe often speak English in class.often speak English in class.One-third One-third of the students in this class are girls.of the students in this class are girls.To swim To swim in the river is a great pleasure.in the river is a great pleasure.SmokingSmoking doe

3、s harm to the health.does harm to the health.代词代词数词数词to doto dodoingdoingThe rich The rich should help the poor.should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test When we are going to have an English test has not has not been decided.been decided.the+the+形容词形容词句子句子什么形式做主语名词/代词/数词/to do/d

4、oing/the+形容词/句子主语在哪里一般在谓语动词前It will make you cooler to sing well.It is relaxing to study with the Miss Zhao.There may be something wrong with the watch.It做形式主语There be句型，主语在be后什么形式做主语名词/代词/数词/to do/doing/the+形容词/句子*It做形式主语主语在哪里一般在谓语动词前*There be句型，主语在be后While the Internet is of great help,its unwise

5、of us to spend too much time on it.（2020广东同步）A.subject 主语B.predicate 谓语C.object 宾语D.predicative 表语选出下列划线部分在句中所做的成分。Is there a repair shop near here?A.主语B.宾语C.表语D.定语PRACTICE找主语中心词3,What3,What she saw give her a little fright.she saw give her a little fright.1,Reading books is easier than speaking it.

6、1,Reading books is easier than speaking it.4.The teacher with two of the students is walking into the 4.The teacher with two of the students is walking into the home.home.2,The young should respect the old.2,The young should respect the old.5.5.No one in the department but Tom and I knows that the N

7、o one in the department but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.director is going to resign.PRACTICE找主语中心词6.To do todays homework without teachers help is difficult.6.To do todays homework without teachers help is difficult.7.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering 7.The dark

8、,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their powerclouds held me entirely in their powerTheThe beastbeast lovesloves Belle.Belle.谓语必须是动词一般在主语后表示主语的行为（动作，状态，特征）The beast loves Belle.The beasts wife is Belle.Belle didnt love the beast at first.Belle may love the beast.They h

9、ave been in love for many years.In reality,Belle will not love the beast.The beast loves Belle.The beasts wife is Belle.简单谓语1：单个动词The beast fall in love with Belle at first sight.The beast looked after Belle carefully.简单谓语2：动词短语I I have seen have seen the man before.the man before.She She can play c

10、an play the piano.the piano.They They are working are working in a factory.in a factory.复合谓语复合谓语1 1情态动词情态动词+实义动词实义动词助动词助动词+实义动词实义动词bebe动词动词+实义动词实义动词Belle didnt love the beast at first.In reality,Belle will not love the beast.They have been in love for many years.Belle may love the beast.The beast is

11、 cooking dinner for Belle情态动词+实义动词助动词+实义动词be动词+实义动词什么形式做谓语简单谓语：单个动词复合谓语：动词短语情态动词+实义动词助动词+实义动词be动词+实义动词助动词do+实义动词DoDo you you lovelove me me？No,I No,I dont love dont love you.you.But I But I do love do love you.you.构成疑问句构成否定句构成强调助动词have+实义动词 I I havehave already already finishedfinished the work.the

12、work.构成完成时助动词will/shall+实义动词I I will call will call you this evening.you this evening.What What shallshall we we dodo next week?next week?构成将来时助动词构成疑问,否定，强调dohavewill/shall构成完成时构成将来时帮助谓语变时态，变疑问和否定的词情态动词+实义动词You must have meals within 10 minuts Belle may love the beast.表命令表可能表达情绪态度推测Be+实义动词We We are

13、working are working hard in the garden hard in the garden.The house The house was painted was painted purplepurple.构成进行时构成被动构成进行；被动构成疑问,否定，强调情态动词be构成将来时表达情感态度帮助谓语变“态”的词语态，时态，情态构成完成时dohavewill/shallThey are enjoying musicThe garden is destroyed.They are happy.系动词状态系动词：状态系动词：bebe（排除（排除be doing/be done

14、)be doing/be done)We We areare very happy.very happy.They They areare students.students.系动词I I felt cool felt cool now.now.感官系动词感官系动词:look,feel,sound,smell,taste:look,feel,sound,smell,tasteLisaLisa turned redturned red.变化系动词变化系动词:get,become,turn,growget,become,turn,grow系动词He always keeps silent at t

15、he meetingHe always keeps silent at the meeting保持系动词：保持系动词：keep,remain,staykeep,remain,stayHe seems very tired.He seems very tired.似乎系动词：似乎系动词：seemseem，appearappear系动词保持系动词：保持系动词：keep,remain,staykeep,remain,stay似乎系动词：似乎系动词：seemseem，appearappear感官系动词感官系动词:look,feel,sound,smell,taste:look,feel,sound,s

16、mell,taste变化系动词变化系动词:get,become,turn,growget,become,turn,grow状态系动词：状态系动词：bebe五感四变三保持二似乎一个bePRACTICE找谓语2.Wewere keptin the darknesslast night.2.Wewere keptin the darknesslast night.4.My pen is in my dog.4.My pen is in my dog.1,1,I I dont like the pictures on the wall.dont like the pictures on the wal

17、l.3,there will be a meeting in the library.3,there will be a meeting in the library.5.Heis leavinghis hometowntomorrow.5.Heis leavinghis hometowntomorrow.The beast loves BelleThe beast smiles Belleat及物vs不及物看听lookseelistenhearat memeto memevtvivtvi及物vs不及物其后是否直接加宾语不及物无被动Open the door.Raise your hand i

18、f you have any question.The sun rises in the east.She boiled the water for tea.Class begins at 8 oclock.The famer grows rice.The crops are growing well.vtvtvivtvivtviPRACTICE判断及物不及物TheThe beastbeast loves loves BelleBelle.宾语动词动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词之后The beast smile at The beast smile at BelleBelleThe heav

19、y rain prevented me from coming to school on time.I want two apples and he wants three.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.代词代词名词名词/数词数词the+the+形容词形容词 He pretended to read books.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think that he is fit for his office.to doto do短语短语doingdoing短语短语句子句子I

20、feel it easy to learn English.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.(it 做形式宾语)什么形式做宾语名词，代词，数词，the+形容词to do/doing句子*It做形式宾语宾语在哪里及物动词或介词之后PRACTICE找宾语4.What do you like？2.We enjoy playing football.5.How many new words did you learn in class？1.He is doing his homework.3.People all over

21、the world speak Chinese.画出句中宾语Somebelievethe theoryfirmly.Theymadehimhappy.Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard works.A.subject 主语B.predicate 谓语C.object 宾语D.predicative 表语I find it difficult to learn English.（划线部分在句中做什么成分）A.

22、宾语B.主语C.状语D.定语TheThe beasts wife is beasts wife is BelleBelle.表语放在系动词之后，和系动词一起表示主语的性质、特点或状态They are workersTwo and three is five.My story is very interesting.He is here.She is at home.My job is teaching English.My goal is to rank first.The dog was frightened.The fact is that we have no idea to solve

23、 this problem.名词名词数词数词形容词形容词副词副词介词短语介词短语doingdoing短语短语 to doto do句子句子donedone什么形式做表语名词数词形容词副词介词to do/doing/done句子PRACTICE找表语4.Why is he worried about Jim?2.The weather has turned cold.5.She was the first to learn about it.1.Our teacher of English is an American.3.Time is up.The class is over.6.Soon

24、he became interested in the subject.宾补放在宾语之后对宾语补充说明去掉后句子不完整或句意改变The beast calls Belle The beast calls Belle babybaby.The beast makes Belle The beast makes Belle happyhappy.主语谓语宾语宾补发出作用在发出His father named him Dongming.We try to make our country strong.Please keep the dog outWe found everything in goo

25、d order there.I allow him to go to movies.I saw him going upstairs.They found the window broken.You may call him whatever you like.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to doto dodoingdoingdonedone从句从句副词副词什么形式做补语名词形容词副词介词to do/doing/done句子PRACTICEDont make me do this.The teacher told us to read booksshe hadnt made the

26、students understanding her clearly.Please remind me to leave her this note.I often help my mother do housework.He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.I saw him get on the bus.非主干主干主语，谓语，宾语定语，状语，同位语，表语，补语TheThe fiercefierce beast loves beast loves beautifulbeautiful Belle.Belle.定语修饰名词或代词形容词名词名词代

27、词代词数词数词介词短语介词短语The The womanwoman doctor is my wife.doctor is my wife.The man The man in front of the gate in front of the gate is is Mr.Li.Mr.Li.ThisThis is is hishis bag.bag.There are There are fourfour apples on the table.apples on the table.The boy The boy therethere needs a pen needs a penShe g

28、ives me books She gives me books to readto read.BarkingBarking dogs seldom bites.dogs seldom bites.This is one of the house This is one of the house builtbuilt last year.last year.She has found the necklace She has found the necklace that she lost last yearthat she lost last year.to dodoingdone从句副词什

29、么形式做定语名词形容词副词介词代词数词to do/doing/done句子PRACTICEWhat is your given name?What is your given name?I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.Our

30、 monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.So far nobody has claimed the money

31、 discovered in the library.We have more boy students than girl students in our class.We have more boy students than girl students in our class.TheThe fiercefierce beast beast deeplydeeply loves loves beautifulbeautiful Belle.Belle.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；为整个句子提供一个时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、方式、让步等的成分名词名词副词副词介词短语介词

32、短语The boy really needs a pen.They sailed a long way.He has lived in the city for ten years.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.To keep healthy,he jogs every morning.Seen from the hill,the village is wonderful.Please call me if it is necessary.to dodoingdone句子状语：句首/句中/句末什么形式做状语副词名词介词to do/doing/do

33、ne句子PRACTICEWait a minute.Wait a minute.Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.The boy is angry now.The boy is angry now.Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.It can go all day and all night.It can go al

34、l day and all night.I will write to you as soon as I get there.I will write to you as soon as I get there.He went to school in spite of his illness.He went to school in spite of his illness.同位语说明解释另一个句子成分The fierce beast,The fierce beast,owner of a castleowner of a castle,deeply,deeply loves the bea

35、utiful Belle from a village.loves the beautiful Belle from a village.海澜之家，男人的衣柜中国第一档明星综艺舞台秀 -快乐大本营判断Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.The boy needs a ball pen.WeWe parents should be patient with kids parents should be patient with kids.OurOur parents should be patient with kids.parents sho

36、uld be patient with kids.代词代词数词数词You You twotwo have to wait here.have to wait here.He He himselfhimself will do the experiment.will do the experiment.There areonly onething you can do:There areonly onething you can do:to tell the truthto tell the truth.The first plan,The first plan,attackingattacki

37、ng at night,was turned down.at night,was turned down.The news The news that he will come that he will come makes us happy.makes us happy.to dodoing从句同位语：句中/句末什么形式做同位语名词数词代词to do/doing句子such as 短语of 短语PRACTICEWe young people should respect the old.We young people should respect the old.We are not inv

38、estigating the question whether he is trustworthy.We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.They two went,we three stayed.They two went,we three stayed.They each have a English-Chinese dictionary.They each have a English-Chinese dictionary.My sister,Helen Wilson,will travel wit

39、h me.My sister,Helen Wilson,will travel with me.The question of when to leave never came up.The question of when to leave never came up.WeWe havehave everythingeverything wewe need:need:land,land,wealthwealth andand technologytechnology非主干主干定语，状语，同位语主语，谓语，宾语，表语，补语综合练习综合练习指出下列句子中标黄的成分 That was how th

40、ey were defeated.The nursery takes good care of our children.The woman with her baby in her arms is his other.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.We can send a car over to fetch you.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.The bus arrived ten minutes late.I have many clothes to wash.分析以下句子成分主语

41、谓语宾语定语状语To do todays homework without teachers help is very difficult.分析以下句子成分主语定语表语状语定语谓语 As the moon give far too much light,I didnt open a window.分析以下句子成分主语谓语宾语状语There was a big smell on her face.分析以下句子成分*There be:倒装(谓语+主语)主语谓语定语状语ThereThere is is going to be something interesting in going to be

42、something interesting in the hall tonight.the hall tonight.主语谓语定语状语状语分析以下句子成分That she doesnt come today is strange.形式主语it主语谓语表语It It is strangeis strangethatthat she doesnt come today.she doesnt come today.It was very hard getting along well with It was very hard getting along well with those people

43、.those people.主语形式主语谓语定语状语分析以下句子成分I dont find it difficult to understand the I dont find it difficult to understand the Special English.Special English.主语谓语补语宾语宾语形式宾语形式宾语it6.think,believe,make,find,consider,feel6.think,believe,make,find,consider,feel6123：及物动词+宾语+宾补 1.形式宾语：It2 2.宾补的两种形式：宾补的两种形式：adj,n

44、adj,n3.真宾语的三种形式：to do、doing、宾clause He considers it no good reading without understanding.He considers it no good reading without understanding.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.George made it clear what he wanted.George made it clear what he wanted.找宾

45、语句子类别句子类别Ponyo likes Zong Jie.Ponyo likes Zong Jie and Zong Jie also likes Ponyo.Ponyo likes Zong Jie who protects her all the time.简单句并列句复合句Ponyo slept.1.主语+谓语谓语是不及物动词1.The sun was shining.2.The moon rose.3.The universe remains.4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.5.Who cares?6.What he said does not matt

46、er.7.They talked for half an hour.8.The pen writes smoothly 不及物动词自身能表达完整的意思接宾语时必须加介词Ponyo is cute.2.主语+系动词+表语谓语是系动词系动词保持系动词：保持系动词：keep,remain,staykeep,remain,stay似乎系动词：似乎系动词：seemseem，appearappear感官系动词感官系动词:look,feel,sound,smell,taste:look,feel,sound,smell,taste变化系动词变化系动词:get,become,turn,growget,beco

47、me,turn,grow状态系动词：状态系动词：bebe五感四变三保持二似乎一个bePonyo likes ham.3.主语+谓语+宾语谓语是及物动词1.Who knows the answer?2.She smiled her thanks.3.He has refused to help them.4.He enjoys reading.5.They ate what was left over.6.He said Good morning.7.He admits that he was mistaken.及物动词不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语才能使意思完整。Ponyo gives

48、him courage.4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾1.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.He denies her nothing.4.I showed him my pictures.5.I gave my car a wash.6.I told him that the bus was late.两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。Ponyo gives him courage.Ponyo gives courage to him动

49、词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 The mother always makes the father nervous.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补1.They appointed him manager.2.They painted the door green.3.This set them thinking.4.They found the house deserted.5.What makes him think so?6.We saw him out.7.He asked me to come back soon.8.I saw them getting on t

50、he bus.动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。基本句型基本句型 （主谓）（主系表）（主谓宾）（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓宾宾补）判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型 A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主谓宾宾 D.主谓宾宾补 E.主系表 1)No,I disagree.2)I can see better without these reading glasses.3)The police found the missing letter.4)The police found the letter missing.5)You can teac