Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended Reading （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件Unit 3 Getting along with othersExtended ReadingOf Friendship制作者：桂东一中李宇平内容分析内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇改编自英国】本板块的语篇改编自英国17世纪散文家、科学家、哲学家弗朗世纪散文家、科学家、哲学家弗朗西斯西斯.培根的散文名篇论友谊。全培根的散文名篇论友谊。全文围绕文围绕“亲密的友情能助我们踏平时亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路”这一这一中心论点分三个层次开论述：首先，中心论点分三个层次开论述：首先，友谊是一种情感上的需要；其次，友友谊是一种

2、情感上的需要；其次，友谊可以增进人的智慧；再次，友谊还谊可以增进人的智慧；再次，友谊还可帮助你完成一些自己无法做到的事可帮助你完成一些自己无法做到的事情。文章最后，针对如何正确交友给情。文章最后，针对如何正确交友给出相关建议。出相关建议。【Why】帮助学生领悟友谊对于】帮助学生领悟友谊对于人生的重要性，从而树立积极健康的人生的重要性，从而树立积极健康的友谊观。友谊观。【How】本文语篇类型为说理散】本文语篇类型为说理散文，结构清晰，论点明确。作者开篇文，结构清晰，论点明确。作者开篇立意友谊对于每个人来说都十分重要；立意友谊对于每个人来说都十分重要；接下来，分三个层面论述了接下来，分三个层面论述

3、了“友谊之友谊之果果”，即友谊的三种功效：抚慰心灵，即友谊的三种功效：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标；最启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标；最后就如何交友给出忠告来收尾。文中后就如何交友给出忠告来收尾。文中包含大量的说理论证，逻辑性强，语包含大量的说理论证，逻辑性强，语言简约隽永、充满智慧，很多语句可言简约隽永、充满智慧，很多语句可作为名言警句来反思回味。作为名言警句来反思回味。教学目标教学目标 By the end of this section,we will be able to:1.identify the structure of the essay;2.summarize Bac

4、ons ideas on friendship;3.explain the importance of friendship;4.appreciate the language and understand the meaning of some beautiful sentences.Look at the title and the illustration lstren on page 39 and discuss the following questions:(1)What is the main topic of this essay?It is about friendship.

5、(2)Do you know the writer?Who is he?The writer of this essay is Francis fr:nss Bacon bekn,a great English writer,scientist and philosopher(哲学哲学家家)flsf(r).Of Friendship改写自弗朗西斯改写自弗朗西斯培根的培根的散文论友谊，该文收在培根随散文论友谊，该文收在培根随笔集中。弗朗西斯笔集中。弗朗西斯培根是英国文艺培根是英国文艺复兴时期著名散文家、思想家、科学复兴时期著名散文家、思想家、科学家、经验主义哲学家，被誉为家、经验主义哲学家，被誉

6、为“英国英国唯物主义的创始人唯物主义的创始人”、“整个实验科学整个实验科学的真正始祖的真正始祖”。培根随笔集由五。培根随笔集由五十余篇美妙而富有哲理的文章构成，十余篇美妙而富有哲理的文章构成，书中许多发人深思语句成为指导后人书中许多发人深思语句成为指导后人思想言行的名句箴言。书的内容涉及思想言行的名句箴言。书的内容涉及人类生活的方方面面，语言简洁，文人类生活的方方面面，语言简洁，文笔优美，说理透彻，警句迭出，几百笔优美，说理透彻，警句迭出，几百年来深受各国读者喜爱。年来深受各国读者喜爱。Francis Bacon Francis Bacon(1561-1626)was an English p

7、hilosopher,statesman,scientist and writer.Bacon remains extremely influential nfluenl(有有很大影响的；有支配力的很大影响的；有支配力的)through his works.Bacon wrote on issues of law,state and religion,as well as on contemporary kntemprri(当代当代的；现代的的；现代的;同一时代的同一时代的)politics;he also published texts in which he thought about p

8、ossible conceptions knsepnz(理解理解)of society,and he discussed questions of ethics eks(道德准则；伦理标准道德准则；伦理标准)in his essays.Of Friendship As we walk the“path of life”,we may sometimes wish to be alone with own thoughts(心思心思),for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.走在人生的道路上，有时我们走在人

9、生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。实现自我的完善。reflection U 沉思；深思；审慎的沉思；深思；审慎的思考思考 She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.经过审慎的思考，经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。她决定还是接受他的提议。A week off would give him time for reflection.歇上一周会使他有时间考虑考虑。歇上一周会使他有时间考虑考虑。lead to sth 导致，造成（后导致，造成（后果）果）,=resu

10、lt in Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。However,when we seek to be alone,we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.不过，在追求独处时，须小心，我们不过，在追求独处时，须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。不能总是逃入自我的世界中。seek to do sth.试图；设法试图；设法,=attempt They quickly sought to

11、distance themselves from the protesters.他们迅速设法远离抗议者。他们迅速设法远离抗议者。The school is seeking to cut down on the dropout rate.学校正在设法降低辍学率。学校正在设法降低辍学率。escape into意为意为“逃进逃进”。如。如:As a child he would often escape into a dreamworld of his own.小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。中。Social life is also important to us

12、More often than not,close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。却又注定要经过的道路。as often as not|more often than not：usually;in a way that is typical of sb/sth 通常；往往；一贯通常；往往；一贯 As oft

13、en as not,hes late for work.他上班往往迟到。他上班往往迟到。smooth sth.out A.(用手用手)弄平，把弄平整弄平，把弄平整 They smoothed out the map on the table.他们在桌上摊平地图。他们在桌上摊平地图。Smooth out all the wrinkles.把所有的皱褶弄平整。把所有的皱褶弄平整。B.缓和平息缓和平息 C.摆脱摆脱(困境困境),排除排除(困难困难)be meant to do sth.A.尤因某人的吩咐或根据职责应该尤因某人的吩咐或根据职责应该(必须必须)做某事做某事 Come on,Ellen,y

14、oure meant to be helping me.好了埃伦你是应该帮助我的。好了埃伦你是应该帮助我的。I thought the police were meant to protect people.我以为警察就是要保护人民的。我以为警察就是要保护人民的。B.意在意在(旨在旨在)做某事做某事 The diagram is meant to show the different stages of the process.这个图表意在显示整个过程的各个这个图表意在显示整个过程的各个不同阶段。不同阶段。As we live in social groups,there are many b

15、enefits of friendship that we can enjoy.Generally speaking,close friendships have three“fruits”:they may comfort the heart,advise(出主意；提出建议；提供咨出主意；提出建议；提供咨询询)the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.Through friendship,we can become happier,wiser and more satisfied humans.因为我们置身于社会群

16、体中，我因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总体而言，亲密友谊的体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果硕果”有三：有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。generally,broadly,roughly,relatively,etc.speaking总的、一般、粗略、相对等说来总的、一般、粗略、相对等说来 Generally speaking,the more you pay,the more you get.一

17、般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。一般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。There are,broadly speaking,two ways of doing this.大致说来，做这件事有两种方法。大致说来，做这件事有两种方法。Personally speaking,Ive always preferred Italian food.就我个人来讲，我总是偏爱意大利菜。就我个人来讲，我总是偏爱意大利菜。The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy,sadness,succe

18、ss and failure.Here,friendship has a double advantage-happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved!友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在此们喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在此友谊有双重优势友谊有双重优势-幸福有了更大的意幸福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。come from sth A.始于；产自；来自始于；产自；来自 Where doe

19、s her attitude come from?她的态度因何而起？她的态度因何而起？He comes from a family of actors.他出身于演员世家。他出身于演员世家。B.=come of sth是是的结果的结果 That comes of eating too much!那是吃得太多的结果！那是吃得太多的结果！share v.A.(in)sth|sth(with sb)有同样的有同样的感情（或想法、经历等）感情（或想法、经历等）They shared a common interest in botany.他们都对植物学感兴趣。他们都对植物学感兴趣。People ofte

20、n share their political views with their parents.人常常跟自己的父母政治观点一致。人常常跟自己的父母政治观点一致。a view that is widely shared一种得到广泛认同的观点一种得到广泛认同的观点 shared values共同的价值观共同的价值观 I didnt really share in her love of animals.我并不真像她那样喜欢动物。我并不真像她那样喜欢动物。B.sth(with sb)把自己的想法（或把自己的想法（或经历、感情）告诉（某人）经历、感情）告诉（某人）The two friends sh

21、ared everything-they had no secrets.这一对朋友无这一对朋友无话不谈话不谈彼此之间毫无秘密。彼此之间毫无秘密。Would you like to share your experience with the rest of the group?你愿意把你的经验与组里其他人分享你愿意把你的经验与组里其他人分享吗？吗？The group listens while one person shares.一个人在谈自己的情况时，小一个人在谈自己的情况时，小组的其他成员都在听着。组的其他成员都在听着。C.(in)sth|sth(with sb)共同承担；共同承担；分担分

22、担 I try to get the kids to share in the housework.我努力让孩子们分担家务活儿。我努力让孩子们分担家务活儿。Both drivers shared the blame for the accident.事故责任由两个驾车人共同承担。事故责任由两个驾车人共同承担。D.(sth)(with sb)共有；合用共有；合用 Sue shares a house with three other students.休和另外三个学生合住一所房子。休和另外三个学生合住一所房子。There isnt an empty table.Would you mind sh

23、aring?没有空桌子了。你愿不没有空桌子了。你愿不愿意和别人合坐？愿意和别人合坐？E.vt.sth(out)(among/between sb)分分配；分摊配；分摊 We shared the pizza between the four of us.我们四个人把那份比萨饼分着吃了。我们四个人把那份比萨饼分着吃了。F.(sth)(with sb)分享；共享分享；共享 The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。John ha

24、d no brothers or sisters and wasnt used to sharing.约翰没有兄弟姐妹，所以约翰没有兄弟姐妹，所以不习惯和他人分享东西。不习惯和他人分享东西。take sthon无被动态无被动态 呈现，具呈现，具有（特征、外观等）有（特征、外观等）His voice took on a more serious tone.他说话的语气变得严肃起来。他说话的语气变得严肃起来。halve|h:v;美美 hv|v.A.（使）减半（使）减半 The shares have halved in value.股价已经跌了一半。股价已经跌了一半。The company is

25、halving its prices.该公司正将产品半价出售。该公司正将产品半价出售。B.vt.把把对半分对半分 A trouble shared is a trouble halved.(saying)烦恼可以分担（向人倾诉，烦恼可以分担（向人倾诉，愁苦就会减少）愁苦就会减少）Naturally,this kind of openness(诚诚实；率真；坦率实；率真；坦率)results from a close friendship.With true friends,we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure(最大程

26、度地；最大程度地；最大限度地最大限度地).We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure/cherish these moments of closeness.Indeed,the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。

27、我们知道，好友既的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。result(from sth)（因（因）发生；）发生；（随（随）产生）产生 Many hair problems result from what you eat.很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。Ignore the early warnings and illness could result.忽略早期征兆可能会导致疾病。忽略早期征兆可能会

28、导致疾病。result in sth造成；导致造成；导致,=lead to The cyclone sakln has resulted in many thousands of deaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。+-ing 短语短语 These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.这些政策使得许多老人饱受困苦。这些政策使得许多老人饱受困苦。free(to do sth)能随自己意愿的；随心能随自己意愿的；随心所欲的所欲的 Students have a free c

29、hoice of courses in their final year.学生在最后一学年可以自由选修课程。学生在最后一学年可以自由选修课程。You are free to come and go as you please.你来去自由。你来去自由。(informal)Can I use the phone?Please,feel free.“我能用一下电话吗？我能用一下电话吗？”“请便吧。请便吧。”depend on/upon sb/sth(for sth)(通常不用于进行时通常不用于进行时)需要，依靠需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）（提供资金、帮助等）The community depend

30、s on the shipping industry for its survival.这个地区靠航运业维持生活。这个地区靠航运业维持生活。I dont want to depend too much on my parents.我不想过度依靠父母。我不想过度依靠父母。The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.We often find

31、it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.友谊的第二个硕果是，通友谊的第二个硕果是，通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。身的缺点要容易。find认为；感到认为；感到 动词动词+名词短语名词短语+形容词形容词 You may find it hard to accept your illness.你可能觉得难以相信自己患病。你可能觉得难以相信自己

32、患病。I find it amazing that theyre still together.他们还在一起，这使我大吃一惊。他们还在一起，这使我大吃一惊。动词动词+名词短语名词短语+名词短语名词短语 She finds it a strain to meet new people.她和生人见面总感到局促不安。她和生人见面总感到局促不安。As a result,if we are guided only by our own feelings,our judgements might be one-sided.On the other hand,our friends are better a

33、ble to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make.因此，如果因此，如果只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断可能就是片面的。另一方面，在我可能就是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。往往能给出更好的建议。guide指导，影响（某人的行为）指导，影响（某人的行为）He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。为依归

34、。on the one hand on the other(hand)（引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想（引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等）一方面等）一方面另一方面另一方面 On the one hand theyd love to have kids,but on the other,they dont want to give up their freedom.一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。Also,when we want to talk our problems over with a

35、friend,we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.此外，想和朋友聊聊此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。的问题有更透彻的认识。also(不与否定动词连用不与

36、否定动词连用)in addition;too 而且；此外；也；同样而且；此外；也；同样 I didnt like it that much.Also,it was much too expensive.我并不怎么喜欢它。再说它太贵了。我并不怎么喜欢它。再说它太贵了。She was not only intelligent but also very musical.她不仅聪明，而且极具音乐天分。她不仅聪明，而且极具音乐天分。talk sthover(with sb)详细讨论，详细讨论，详谈（以达成协议或作出决定）详谈（以达成协议或作出决定）Youll find it helpful to ta

37、lk things over with a friend.把情况和朋友详把情况和朋友详细聊一聊，你会觉得大有帮助。细聊一聊，你会觉得大有帮助。alone（用于名词或代词后以加强（用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只语气）仅仅，单，只 The shoes alone cost 200.仅鞋子一项就花了仅鞋子一项就花了200英镑。英镑。The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways.Sometimes a friend is even known as our“se

38、cond self”.There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可为我们提供的帮助。种不同的方式可为我们提供的帮助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二第二个自己个自己”。生活中有太多事，只有在。生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友的帮助下才能成功。know sb/sth as sth 常用被动态常用被动态 将将称为；把称为；把叫做叫做 The drug is common

39、ly known as Ecstasy ekstsi.这种药通常称作摇头丸。这种药通常称作摇头丸。Peter Wilson,also known as the Tiger.彼得彼得威尔逊，也称威尔逊，也称“老虎老虎”。know sb/sth as sth|sb/sth for sth 常用被动态常用被动态 把把看作是；认为看作是；认为是是 Its known as the most dangerous part of the city.人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。She is best known for her work on the human brai

40、n.她在对人脑的研究方面最为知名。她在对人脑的研究方面最为知名。动词动词+名词短语名词短语+带带to的不定式的不定式 Hes known to be an outstanding physicist.他被公认为杰出的物理学他被公认为杰出的物理学家。家。Friends may have many different ideas and skills.They can help us achieve what we want during life and,perhaps,even after death.朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚技能。

41、他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。要之物。Finally,it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships(should be)carefully developed.In this way,we can better walk the“path of life”with the co

42、mfort,advice and help from our trusted friends.(Adapted from“Of Friendship”,an essay written by Francis Bacon,a great English writer,scientist and philosopher)最后，需要指出的是，与众人最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨慎选择，友情需用心经营。如此，慎选择，友情需用心经营。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走过助下，更好地走过“人生之路人生之路

43、”。(改写自英国伟大的作家、科学家改写自英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯和哲学家弗朗西斯培根的随笔培根的随笔论友谊论友谊)point out(to sb)|point sthout(to sb)（向某人）指出（向某人）指出 She tried in vain to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，但无济于事。但无济于事。He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.他指出单独驾车的危险性。他指出单独驾车的危险性。+that 从

44、句从句 I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.我应当指出，这我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。些画中没有一幅是真迹。Its not very far,she pointed out.“那里不太远。那里不太远。”她说道。她说道。point sb/sthout(to sb)指（给某人）指（给某人）看看 Ill point him out to you next time he comes in.他下次来的时候，我指给你看。他下次来的时候，我指给你看。company陪伴；做伴陪伴；做伴 I enjoy Jos

45、company(=I enjoy being with her).我喜欢和乔在一起。我喜欢和乔在一起。She enjoys her own company.她喜爱独自旅行。她喜爱独自旅行。Hes coming with me for company.他要陪伴我一起来。他要陪伴我一起来。The two girls enjoyed each others company.这两个女孩喜欢在一起。这两个女孩喜欢在一起。adapt sth(for sth)(from sth)改编；改编；改写改写 Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她

46、的长篇小她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。说中有三部已改编成电视节目。Identify the structure of the essay and divide it into three parts.Part 1Part 2Part 3The importance of friendship.(Para.1)Three“fruits”of friendship.(Paras.2-5)Advice on making friends.(Para.6)Read the essay again and complete the following mind map.Comfort the h

47、eartAdvise the headsharetake on greater meaningstroubleadviceclearerthoroughachievedideas and skillsafter death A.Write a summary smri(总总结；概括；概要结；概括；概要)of the essay.Use the following questions to help you.P40 What are the three“fruits”of friendship?Why are they important?Tip Writing a summary To wri

48、te a good summary of a text,you should:circle the main points and key ideas in a text;express these ideas in your own words;not include supporting details or background knowledge;not include your personal opinion.Possible answer Friendship is very important to us.It leads to self-improvement and hel

49、ps us better walk the“path of life”.Friendship has three“fruits”.First,we feel more comfortable when we share our feelings with our true friends,as they will understand us and allow us to express ourselves.Second,friends can help us think more clearly and offer solutions to problems.Third,friends ar

50、e willing to support us to achieve our goals.However,we should carefully choose friends and develop friendships.Discuss the following question in groups to understand the literature ltrt(r)value of this essay.As is known to all,this essay was finished more than 400 years ago.Why do we still need to