Unit 2 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、By the end of this section,you will be able to:1.categorize the elements of a simple sentence,a compound sentence and a complex sentence;2.summarize the general rules of three kinds of sentence structures;3.distinguish and choose the right sentence structure;4.apply appropriate sentence structures i

2、n new situations.Learning objectivesUnit 2 Lets talk teens Grammar and usageLead-in What do you know about simple,compound and complex sentences?Exploring the rulesBelow is an introduction on the home page of a website for teenagers.Match each sentence with the correct type in the table below.Write

3、down the numbers.A(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.(2)So,we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(3)Our website has many articles about teenagers physical and mental health.(4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.

4、(5)It may not have been addressed before,but dont worry.(6)You can visit the“teen health”forum on our website instead.(7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website.(8)Users are encouraged to post their problems,and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.(9

5、)Before you write your post,however,take a look at other users posts first.(10)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(11)If your problem is a new one,write a post about it.(12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation

6、.(13)There is a lot to see,so take some time to look around our website!(2)So,we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(3)Our website has many articles about teenagers physical and mental health.(4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.(6

7、)You can visit the“teen health”forum on our website instead.and but(13)There is a lot to see,so take some time to look around our website!(5)It may not have been addressed before,but dont worry.(8)Users are encouraged to post their problems,and they will get advice from our health experts and other

8、forum users.(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.(7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website.(9)Before you write your post,however,take a look at other users posts first.(10)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(11)If your problem

9、is a new one,write a post about it.(12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句主语从句状语从句宾语从句一、一、简单句简单句简单句（simple sentence）：只含有一个主谓结构。在简单句中，主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语之外，简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。简单句的基本句型有以下五种：1

10、.主语+谓语（SV）He arrived.The rain stopped.2.主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）James likes reading.I enjoy playing football.一、一、简单句简单句3.主语+系动词+表语（SVP）Sandy seems a little tired.Tony is a handsome barber.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）Suzy gave me three books.Fiona ordered herself a large pizza.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）He found this mov

11、ie interesting.Delia makes her children wash clothes.二二、并列句并列句并列句（compound sentence）：由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成。常见的连接词有and、but、or、so、for等。1.表示并列关系：and,not onlybut also,neithernor等。The Internet is useful and we use it a lot.2.表示转折或对比关系：but,yet,while,whereas（然而，反之）等。I have travelled to many places,but I st

12、ill want to visit more.This is a good idea,yet it is impossible to put it into practice.Children are in favour of this idea,while their parents are against it.二二、并列句并列句3.表示因果关系：for，so等。I cannot tell Marys appearance,for I have never seen her.They have different ideas,so they have solved the problem

13、in different ways.4.表示选择关系：or，eitheror等。Shall I send the book to you,or will you come to get it?三三、主从复合句主从复合句主从复合句（complex sentence）：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体部分；从句无法独立，可充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句（包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）三大类。1.定语从句（1）含义用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主

14、句中的一部分）而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。三三、主从复合句主从复合句（2）类型定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。He has two sons who work in the same company.（限制性定语从句）He failed in the match,which was a great pity.（非限制性定语从句）三三、主从复合句主从复合句2.状语从句（1）含义在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容

15、词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。（2）类型时间状语从句 As I grew older,I became more interested in poems.地点状语从句 Make marks where you have questions.三三、主从复合句主从复合句原因状语从句 As she was young,she was not equal to the task.目的状语从句 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.结果状语从句 Jack is so tall a man that he can almost reach the br

16、anch.条件状语从句 If I feel any doubt,I inquire.三三、主从复合句主从复合句让步状语从句 I had a very good time though I didnt know anybody at the party.方式状语从句 Please do it as I told you.比较状语从句 She dances as gracefully as her sister.三三、主从复合句主从复合句3.名词性从句（1）含义名词性从句的功能相当于名词（词组），在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。（2）类型主语从句 That she will help

17、us made us happy.宾语从句 I hope that high school will be more exciting.三三、主从复合句主从复合句表语从句 This is where I was born.同位语从句 The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.Below are some tips on how to use TeenHealthWeb.Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence.Applying the

18、 rules1.Your password should be at least eight characters long.This makes it difficult to guess.Your password should be at least eight characters long because this makes it difficult to guess.2.Posts should not give out personal information.They should not include advertisements.Posts should not giv

19、e out personal information and they should not include advertisements.3.Describe your problems clearly.Other people can understand them easily.Describe your problems clearly so other people can understand them easily.B1The experts will reply to you as soon as/when/once they see your posts.Let us kno

20、w what you think of our forum.4.The experts will reply to you.They see your posts.5.What do you think of our forum?Let us know.B1Below are some tips on how to use TeenHealthWeb.Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence.Teresa:Im under a lot of stress these days(1)_ my parent

21、s are always comparing me with my friends.Theyre never satisfied(2)_ I do better than all my friendsin schoolwork,in hobbies,in everything!Jack:Thats terrible.I can see(3)_ youre anxious.You should tell your parents(4)_ youre trying your best.Theres no point in comparing you with others all the time

22、.Everyone is unique.Teresa:I know,(5)_ my parents dont seem to understand that.(6)_ they continue like this,Ill lose confidence in myself.Teresa is talking to her friend Jack about her parents.Complete the conversation with the correct linking words in the box below.unlessB2and because but how if th

23、at unless whybecausewhythatbutIfJack:I think your parents are too strict with you.Dont take a passive role in the relationship.Talk to them.Let them know(7)_ you feel.Sometimes,competition can push you to do better.Right now,its just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.

24、Teresa:Thank you,Jack.Ill try talking to my parents.Jack:Cheer up,Teresa.Theyll understand(8)_ everything will turn out all right!howB2and because but how if that unless whyandTeresa is talking to her friend Jack about her parents.Complete the conversation with the correct linking words in the box b

25、elow.In pairs or groups,role-play a conversation between Teresa and her parent(s)using simple,compound and complex sentences.The beginning has been given.B3Hi Mum!Can we please talk?Sure,dear.Whats the matter?Teresa:Hi Mum!Can we please talk?Mother:Sure,dear.Whats the matter?Teresa:Mum,Im not happy.

26、Mother:Why,tell me what is bothering you and we can fix it together.Teresa:Well,you and Dad always compare me to my friends and feel that Im not good enough.I try very hard to make you both proud of me,but it seems like the harder I try,the more you expect from me.Mother:Oh my dear!Im so sorry!We di

27、dnt know that you feel this way.Your dad and I want you to be successful so that you can have a bright future.However,if you feel anxious,we will try to be less demanding.Teresa:That sounds great,Mum!I think we should chat with Dad when he gets home and together we can work out a plan that we will a

28、ll be happy with.What do you think?Mother:You are a very smart girl,Teresa.Im proud of you for speaking to me about your problem and I agree with your suggestion.I love you.Teresa:I love you too,Mum.Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence.1.Mary was ill.She was absent from

29、 school.Mary was ill,so she was absent from school.2.He graduated from college.He set up a company of his own.After/As soon as he graduated from college,he set up a company of his own.3.I grew older.I became interested in designing clothes.As I grew older I became interested in designing clothes.C4.

30、Why did he make the decision?I struggled to understand the reason.I struggled to understand(the reason)why he made the decision.5.You dont hurry up.We will miss the train.If you dont hurry up,we will miss the train.6.You take action immediately.You are likely to succeed.You are likely to succeed as

31、long as you take action immediately.If you take action immediately,you are likely to succeed.7.I am on a diet.I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.I am on a diet,but I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.Although/though I am on a diet,I find it hard to completely sta

32、y away from chocolate.8.It turned out to be a lovely day.We decided to go out for a walk.We decided to go out for a walk,for it turned out to be a lovely day.It turned out to be a lovely day,so we decided to go out for a walk.Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in

33、the brackets.DDear Dr Wang,I am writing to ask for some advice about my15-year-old son.He is our only child and we treat him very well,but we can never see eye to eye with him(1)_ anything.Recently he has refused to do his homework.His teacher also told me that his(2)_(perform)at school was poor.We

34、were very(3)_(concern)for him.Yesterday,we asked him to finish his homework first,(4)_ he asked us to leave him alone.He just shut the door in(5)_(angry).His mother struggled to calm down instead of getting into an(6)_(argue)with him.What can we do?We are eager(7)_(improve)the situation.We look forw

35、ard to(8)_(hear)from you.Best wishes,An anxious fatheronperformanceconcernedbutangerargumentto improvehearingWords and ExpressionsUsers are encouraged to post their problems,and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.(P20)我们鼓励用户发布自己的问题，从而获得来自健康专家和其他论坛用户的建议。expert n.专家，行家专

36、家，行家 adj.熟练的，内行的，专家的熟练的，内行的，专家的 be/become an expert at/on/in(doing)sth 是/成为在方面的专家 experts believe/predict/say.专家认为/预测/说 expert advice 专家建议 be expert at/in(doing).擅长He is an expert on Western architecture.他是西方建筑方面的专家。Given the situation,expert help is badly needed.鉴于当前形势，我们急需内行的帮助。expertly adv.熟练地 单词

37、单词 It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(P20)也许该话题在我们的论坛上已经有过讨论了。likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的可能的，预料的，有希望的 the most likely explanation 最有可能的解释 it is likely(that).有可能 hardly likely 几乎不可能 highly/quite likely 极有可能 be likely to do sth 有可能做某事 be less likely to do sth 不太可能做某事 be

38、more likely to do sth 更有可能做某事Matthew,who has never focused on his study,is less likely to pass the exam.马修不太可能通过考试，因为他在学习方面从不上心。Everyone is unique.(P21)每个人都是独一无二的。unique adj.独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的 a unique opportunity 难得的机会 be unique to.特有的The style of architecture in this village is abs

39、olutely unique in the world.这个村子的建筑风格世间罕有，独一无二。This teacher has a very unique ability to inspire his students.这位老师在激励学生方面有很独特的能力。The Twenty-Four Solar Terms,a traditional way to mark the passage of time,are unique to China.二十四节气作为一种传统的记录时间流逝的方式，是中国特有的。uniquely adv.独特地；特有地 uniqueness n.独特性 Dont take

40、a passive role in the relationship.(P21)不要在关系中处于被动地位。passive adj.消极的，被动的消极的，被动的 play/take a passive role 处于被动地位 passive smoking 被动吸烟，吸二手烟Children often play a passive role in their communication with teachers and parents.儿童经常在与父母与老师的交流中处于被动地位。It is believed that children are the biggest victims of p

41、assive smoking.一般认为儿童是被动吸烟的最大受害者。When problems arise,we are supposed to deal with them actively,not passively.遇到问题，我们应当积极处理，不能消极对待。passively adv.被动地 反义词：active adj.积极的，主动的 Right now,its just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.(P21)眼下它只会让你焦虑不安，对你的表现有负面影响。performance n.表

42、现；表演；执行，履行表现；表演；执行，履行 poor/good performance 糟糕的/很好的表现economic performance 经济状况 improve performance 提高效率 give a performance 演出 go to a performance 观看演出 the performance of sbs duties 履行职责Beth has shown great passion in the performance of her duties.贝丝在工作中表现出了极大的热情。perform vt.&vi.表演；执行；运转 performer n.表

43、演者 perform an operation 动手术 perform a task 执行任务 perform live 现场表演 perform well/badly 运转好/差句中there is no point in doing sth是固定结构，意为“做某事是没有意义的”。类似的句型结构：there is no sense in doing.做没有意义there is no harm in doing.做无坏处 She may refuse to come,but there is no harm in asking.她可能不会来，但是问一下也没关系。There is no point/sense in building a library that resembles a mailbox.建一个像信箱一样的图书馆是没有意义的。Theres no point in comparing you with others all the time.(P21)成天拿你和别人比没有意义。句式句式Draw a mind map to summarize the rules of three kinds of sentence structures.