Unit 1 Grammar and usage 句子成分及句子结构（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、句子成分及句子结构这两句话的翻译正确吗？How are you？怎么是你?How old are you?怎么老是你?不可以完全按照中文的表达习惯学习英语哦！我们需要了解中英文表达习惯的差异。How are you？你好吗?How old are you?你几岁啦?中文句子偏线形 英文句子偏树形我 爱 学 英语。主语+谓语e.g.I go to school by bike every day.宾语补语状语定语什么是句子呢？我，是句子吗？你，是句子吗？我爱你，是句子吗？请思考：我，是句子吗？你，是句子吗？我爱你，是句子吗？句子是指由词和词组通过句法构成的、能够表达完整意思的语言单位。那么，句子

2、成分又是什么呢？I love you.主语：I谓语：love宾语：you组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，同位语和宾补。概念须知：I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语地点状语时间状语句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语

3、、补语（宾补、主补）、定语、状语、补语（宾补、主补）、插入语、同位语插入语、同位语主语主语(subject)1.主语是句子陈述的对象。2.一般在句首。3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。1.We study in No.7 Middle School.2.The classroom is very clean.3.To teach them English is my job.4.Surfing,diving and swimming are all water sports.5.Four plus four is eight.6.What he has said is true.

4、7.The young should respect the old.代词代词名词名词不定式不定式动名词动名词数词数词主语从句主语从句（the+adj表示一类人）表示一类人）谓语谓语()1.表示主语的动作行为。2.必须由动词充当。3.一般在主语后面。(1)简单谓语：是由动词或动词短语构成的。We study hard.He often listens to music.(2)复合谓语：由“情态动词或助动词+动词原形”构成。He can speak English.We have finished the task.I did see her yesterday.实义动词系动词情态动词助动词（V

5、.）宾语宾语(object)1.表示动作的对象（动宾）；介词涉及的对象（介宾）2.用在及物动词或介词后面。She is playing the piano.He often helps me.We enjoy living in the countryside.He is interested in painting.3.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Please pass me the book.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.The

6、 heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.名词名词代词代词数词数词（the+adj表示一类人）表示一类人）不定式不定式动名词短语动名词短语

7、宾语从句宾语从句宾语补足语宾语补足语(object complement)在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。I made my room beautiful.I can see her dancing there.He had his car washed.She asked me to lend her my bike.Please make yourself at home.We keep the dog out.We call her Madam.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词主语补足语(subject co

8、mplement)对主语进行补充说明。Tom was seen dancing in his room.I was elected monitor.Our country will be made stronger.状语状语(adverbial)1.修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。2.表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，程度，结果，条件，让步，伴随等。Light travels very quickly.Wait a minute.Ive done it hundreds of times.I got home,tired and thirsty.He has lived in th

9、e city for ten years.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.Mr Black came back drunk that night.Once you begin,you must continue.副词副词名词名词数词数词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语不定式短语不定式短语现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词状语从句状语从句表语表语(predicative)1.说明主语的身份、类属

10、、状态或特征。2.位于系动词后面（最常见的系动词是be）。1.He is young.2.I am a teacher.3.Everybody is here.4.My job is to teach them English.5.Now they are at home.6.The book is what I need.7.He got lost in the forest.8.His hobby is swimming.形容词形容词名词名词副词副词不定式短语不定式短语介词短语介词短语从句从句过去分词过去分词动名词动名词定语定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词,1.He is a

11、clever boy.2.His father works in a shoe factory.3.There are 54 students in our class.4.Do you know Bettys sister?5.His spoken English is good.6.The girl in red is his sister.7.I want to have something to drink.8.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.9.Do you know the man whos standing the

12、re?（形容词）（形容词）(物主代词物主代词)(数词数词)(名词所有格名词所有格)(过去分词过去分词)(介词短语介词短语)(现在分词短语现在分词短语)(从句从句)(不定式不定式)(名词名词)同位语（apposition）1.对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释,说明它们的性质和情况。2.在句中和前面的名词指同一人、同一物，同做一种句子成分。1.Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.2.I myself will do the experiment.3.She is the oldest among them six.4.The news that he is ill w

13、orries us.名词名词反身代词反身代词数词数词从句从句插入语（parenthesis）插入语指的是对一句话所做的附加解释。其作用是，补足句意，包括说话者的态度，或引起听话者的注意。以下句子带有常见的插入语：1.That will be a good beginning,I hope.2.Well have to take an umbrella,I m afraid.3.I have no money,you see.4.He is a bad guy,you know.5.Mr.Smith,I think,is at least 50 years old.6.This,I suppos

14、e,will give you some idea of the situation in China.Ex.分析下列句子成分1.laughed happily.2.My brother,Jim,was elected monitor.3.There is a river at the foot of the hill.4.He bought his son some books.5.The young girl with long black hair is Kate.6.I smell the cake.7.The cake smells good.8.I saw my friend To

15、m standing at the bus-stop.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi.）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语(S+Vt.+O)主语+连系动词+表 语 (S+LV+predicative)主语+谓语（双宾动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt.+O.indirect+O.direct)主语+谓语（宾补动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt.+O+O.complement)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型noun/adj./adv./infinitive/V-ing/V-ed/etc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/

16、Pronoun/The+adj/V-ing/Clause/InfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adj/V-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/seem/appear feel/look/taste/smell/soundbecome/get/grow/turn/go remain/keep/stayprove/turn out etc.noun/pronoun/adj./adv./infinitive/V-ing/V-ed/clause etc.1.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)I swim.我游泳。010205031.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)e.g

17、.Time flies.The car stopped.You will see.I am dancing.时态的改变都体现在动词上哦！010205032.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)I watch TV.我看电视。010205032.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)e.g.I can speak English.He will go to school.Lily lost her bag.The children are playing football.连词成句1.basketball,he,play,can(.)_主语动词步骤：1.找主语 2.找谓语动词 3.

18、找宾语宾语连词成句1.basketball,he,play,can(.)_步骤：1.找主语 2.找谓语动词 3.找宾语He can play basketball.010205033.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)I am a student.我是一名学生。位于系动词之后My hobby is reading.表语：也叫主语补语，用来说明主语的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义,一般用在系动词后面1.The old man is feeling very tired.A.the old man B.is C.feeling D.tired2.His job was to pain

19、t the wall.A.his job B.was C.paint the wall D.paint请选出下列句子中的表语3.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)e.g.That sounds good.Your dream will come ture.The weather became windy.We grows older and older.连词成句1.These,good,are,carrots(.)_2.not,am,thirsty,I (.)_系动词系动词主语主语步骤：1.找主语 2.找系动词There are good carrots.I am not thir

20、sty.010205034.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)I send you a gift.我给你一个礼物。人间物直温馨提示常跟双宾语的动词:需借助于to的动词:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write等;需借助于for的动词:buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,save,spare等。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1.及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2.及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语0102

21、05034.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)I will give the book to you.She teaches us English.Please lend me some money,will you?My father bought me a new dress yesterday.e.g.请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。1.Please tell us a story.2.My brother bought a new bike for me last week.3.Mr.Li is going to teach us Maths next ter

22、m.4.Here is a pen,give it to Tom.5.Did he leave anything for me?010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Reading makes me happy.阅读使我快乐。010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Keep your room clean.I found English easy.Smoke from cars makes the air dirty.Lee left his mobile phone at home just now.e.g.五看五看:see,look a

23、t,watch,notice,observe 三使三使:let,make,have 两听两听:hear,listen to 一感一感:feel leave/want/get/find/keepthere be 结构特点:there be意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。there be属倒装结构,后面的名词是句子的主语。there be 中的be 有时可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等。There are two people waiting outside.主语5种基本句型主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。主干

24、成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。句子成分划分口诀【实战演练】指出画线部分所作的句子成分1.The aged are well taken care of in the village._主语2.He managed to finish the work in time._宾语3.His wish is to become a scientist._表语4.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.谓语5.He noticed a man enter the room._宾语补

25、足语6.Would you tell me your advice?_me作间接宾语,your advice作直接宾语7.I opened the window to let some fresh air in._状语8.Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you._定语 选出下列句子属于哪种句子结构SV SVO SVP SVOO SVOC SVA SVOA There be1.Time flies._2.He enjoys reading._3.The sun keeps us warm._4.The dinner sme

26、lls good._5.The red sun rises in the east._6.There are 45 students in our class._7.This is an English-Chinese dictionary._8.I want to have a cup of tea very much._9.Would you please pass me the dictionary?_10.She cooked her husband a delicious meal._ 句型训练1.The meeting _ because we cant cover that mu

27、ch ground in one hour.(last)会议将持续两个小时,因为我们一个小时讨论不完那么多的事情。will last two hours2.This years event _ on June 19th,a week earlier than usual.(take place)今年的活动将于6月19日举行,比往年提前一周。will take place3.Every afternoon _ to borrow books.(come)每天下午都有许多学生到图书馆来借书。a lot of students come to the library4._ last night,ex

28、plaining what had happened.(write)我昨晚给玛丽写了一封信,说明了发生的情况。I wrote a letter to Mary5._ to fulfill the project within three weeks.(make)我们制订了在三周内完成该项目的计划。We have made a plan6._ that took place on her first day at school.(tell)我妹妹告诉了我一个她上学第一天发生的事故。My sister told me an accident7._ with his first months sal

29、ary.(buy)他用他第一个月的工资给他妈妈买了一件新大衣。He bought a new coat for his mother8.Every morning _ aloud in the classroom.(hear)每天早晨我们都听到他在教室里大声朗读英语。we hear him reading EnglishThank you!1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词 He is a teacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay He always k

30、ept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look 例如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.系动词4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,taste This flower smells very sweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come He became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。