Unit 1 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Lead inMiss Yan,to,was,excited to,the opportunity,give,be given,really,a speech.Miss Yan was really excited to be given the opportunity to give a speech.连词成句连词成句Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usageExploring the rules主语主语定语定语宾语宾语补语补语谓语谓语状语状语表语表语同位同位语语句子句子成分成分Do you know what sentence elements are?

2、1.主语主语（S）表示句子表述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词名词、代词代词或与其相当与其相当 的结构的结构充当。如：The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.(名词)You must make efforts to improve your communication skills.(代词)Learning English opens the door to a colourful world.(动词-ing形式)What we choose decides what we are.(名词性从句)2.谓语谓语（V）说明主语

3、的动作或特征和状态，由动词动词组成。由一个动词构成的是 简单谓语简单谓语，由两个或更多部分构成的是复合谓语复合谓语。如：Amy has a gift for music.(简单谓语)The class size is small in the UK.(简单谓语)You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.(复合谓语)Some animals can understand human feelings.(复合谓语)3.宾语宾语（O）表示动词动作的对象，或在介词后面与介词构成介词短语。宾语通 常由名词名词、代词代词或与

4、其相当的结构与其相当的结构充当。如：My mum teaches English in a middle school.(名词)We all respect him.(代词)I will support whatever choice you make.(名词性从句)有时动词后面会接两个宾语，表示人的宾语通常被称为间接宾语（indirect object）,而表示物的宾语则被称为直接宾语（direct object）。如：I cant wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.4.表语表语（P）说明主语的特征、身份

5、、状态等，位于系动词（be,look,go,turn,become等）后，通常由名词名词、代词代词、形容词形容词或与其相当的结构与其相当的结构充当。如：Today is the start of a new term.(名词)The only person I care about is you.(代词)The possibilities are endless.(形容词)You are what you eat.(名词性从句)5.定语定语（Attr.）修饰名词或代词，表示其性质和特征，通常由形容词形容词或与其相当的结构与其相当的结构充 当。如：Ive got some very exciti

6、ng news for you.(形容词)There is a swimming pool in our school.(动词-ing形式表示用途)Dont wake up the sleeping child.(动词-ing形式表示状态)定语有时还会置于名词或代词之后。如：You will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge.(动词不定式)Potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.(定语从句)6.状语状语（A）修饰

7、动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示方式、程度、语气等，通常由副副 词词或与其相当的结构与其相当的结构充当。如：Carefully plan your study.(副词表方式)She is very careful about what she says.(副词表程度)He did quite well in the project.(副词表程度)Honestly,I dont mind if you want to leave now.(副词表语气)Guided by my English teacher,I entered a wonderland.(分词作状语表方式)Make hay w

8、hile the sun shines.(状语从句表时间)7.补语补语（C）用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状态，由名词名词、动词动词、形容词形容词等充 当。如：The New York City is called the Big Apple.(名词作主补)Mr.Xu encourages us to realize our potential.(动词不定式作宾补)We painted the wall green.(形容词作宾补)8.同位语同位语（apposition）对主语、宾语、表语进行解释，通常由名词名词、代词代词、数词数词 或与其相当的结构与其相当的结构充当。如：You two wa

9、it here.(与主语同位)We were shocked by the news that he died in the accident.(与宾语同位)Ms.Xu is our principal,a very popular teacher.(与表语同位)Do you know what sentence structures are?主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾+状状主主+谓谓+状状there be句型句型主主+谓谓主主+谓谓+宾宾1.主谓主谓（SV）。如：Fears are growing.2.主谓宾主谓宾（SVO）。如：

10、I like eating rice.I would like to have an apple.My grandpa said that rice was the most wanted food in his childhood.3.主系表主系表（SVP）。如：This technology company is growing bigger and bigger.The staple crop is rice.4.主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾（SVOO）。如：I made her a rice cake.5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补（SVOC）。如：We consider rice a nece

11、ssity.6.在SV中，谓语动词为不及物动词（intransitive verb），后面不可再接宾语。如 果有状语，其结构是：主谓状主谓状（SVA）。如：Rice grows well in the south.Bananas grow in tropical areas.7.在SVO中，谓语动词是及物动词（transitive verb），如果加上状语，其结构是：主谓宾状主谓宾状（SVOA）。如：People grow rice in the south.8.there be句句型型。如：There is a growing fear in the country.Albert Einst

12、ein said,“If you want to live a happy life,tie it to a goal.”(1)I agree.Goals are important in many ways.(2)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.By setting goals now,you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.Se

13、tting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals,you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3)These habits will be helpful.Finally,(4)setting goals makes you more confident.When you achieve a goal,you see the result of your hard work and know

14、 how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action,your dream will come true and hopefully(5)you will live a happy life.APay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table.SubjectVerbI agree.SubjectVerbPredicativeSubjectVerbObjectSubjectVerbI

15、ndirect objectDirect objectSubjectVerbObject Object complementThese habitswill be helpful.youwill livea happy life.Setting goalsgivesyoua focus in life.setting goalsmakesyoumore confident.A transitive verb is always followed by a(n)(2)_.Some verbs can have two objects.The indirect object usually ref

16、ers to a person and the direct object a thing.The object complement adds more information about the object.Working out the rulesverbobjectB1Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.1 You will find(senior high)school different from (junior

17、high)school.2(Your)schoolwork will be more challenging.3 We will give you(more)independence.4 You should listen more carefully.5 You can join a club.6(Your)teachers will help you in(many)ways.7 You will succeed!Applying the rules1 You will find senior high school different from junior high school.2

18、Your schoolwork will be more challenging.3 We will give you more independence.4 You should listen more carefully.5 You can join a club.6 Your teachers will help you in many ways.7 You will succeed!B2Below are some tips about setting goals.Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures.Wr

19、ite the letters in the boxes.cbegdfaB3What is your goal for the new term?How are you going to achieve your goal?Write about it using different sentence structures.Use the example below to help you.I will try to improve my English in the new term.There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this

20、 goal.I will read two English novels this term.I will also try to find a language partner.Joining the English club will be helpful to me too.All my efforts will pay off!My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills.To achieve this goal,I will be friendlier to my classmates.Joining a

21、 school club will help me make more friends.I will also read a book on how to improve communication skills.I will succeed!Being a member of my new schools basketball team is my goal now,because basketball is my favourite sport.Besides exercising my body,I will make new acquaintances through this act

22、ivity.More importantly,exercising should go hand in hand with studying,so in the new term,I hope to have faster and better growth in both my body and my mind.We live in a society of“knowledge explosion”,so it is my goal to improve my academic performance in my new school life.As the saying goesknowl

23、edge is power.Learning from classmates around me and consulting teachers will help me acquire the knowledge I need.I believe my goal will assist me to adjust to this new life quickly.Manage time properly is an important way of leading a more successful life.You will benefit the tips below.Keep a dia

24、ry.It may seem difficult to start,but sticking to it will give the chance to see how you spend your time.Make a to-do list.Sometimes you feel caught between so many tasks.In this case,a to-do list may helpful.You can also break big tasks into small action steps.This makes difficult tasks easily to m

25、anage and complete.Use technology wisely.To manage your time well,you should also make wisely use of communication tools.The best way is set aside some time for dealing with them.You should not waste too much time on them.Managingfromyoubeeasy/easierwisetoCorrect the grammar mistakes in the followin

26、g passage.PracticeWords and Expressions Setting goals gives you a focus in life.(P6)设定目标让你有了生活的重心。focus n.焦点，重点焦点，重点 vt.&vi.集中集中 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 a change of focus （对事物）看法的改变 bring.into focus 使成为焦点 .come into focus 成为焦点 focus on/upon 集中注意力于Food safety is the focus of attention now.目前，食品安

27、全是人们关注的焦点。These issues have recently come into sharp focus.这些问题最近成为人们关注的焦点。We need to focus our attention on environmental protection.我们要把精力集中到环境保护上。focused adj.注意力集中的 stay focused 保持专注 To realize your goals,you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details.(P6)为了实现目标，你

28、需要制订一个好的计划，合理利用时间，并且注意细节。detail n.细节；具体情况细节；具体情况 go into detail(s)详细叙述 in detail 详细地provide/give/find out details 提供/给出/搞清细节further/more details about/of.有关更多的细节She went into detail(s)about the travel plan.她详述了旅行计划。The theory is explained in detail in this book.这个理论在这本书中有详细的解释。To realize your goals,

29、you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details.(P6)为了实现目标，你需要制订一个好的计划，合理利用时间，并且注意细节。detail n.细节；具体情况细节；具体情况 detail v.详述detailed adj.详细的All the local hotels are detailed in the booklet.宣传册对当地所有的旅馆都做了详述。There is a detailed introduction to all the local hotels in the bo

30、oklet.宣传册上有对当地所有旅馆的详述。过去分词形容词 As a result of your action,your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.(P6)因为你付出的行动，梦想就会成真，你便有希望过上幸福的生活。as a result of 由于由于as a result of是介词短语，可置于句首或句末。As a result of the fever,he didnt do well in the test.因为发烧，所以他没考好。He didnt do well in the test

31、as a result of the fever.他没考好是因为发烧了。as a result 结果是as a result是副词短语，常置于句首。He had a fever.As a result,he didnt do well in the test.他发烧了，所以没考好。Instead,you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.(P7)相反，你应该基于自己的能力和技能确立目标。base vt.以以为基础（依据）为基础（依据）n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营base on/upon 以

32、为基础（或依据）(be)based on/upon 以为基础（或依据）base.in.以为据点；把（总部等）设在at the base of sth 在某物的底部a sound base 充分的根据a research base 研究基地The film is based on a true story.这部电影是根据真实故事改编的。Based on a true story,the film is very popular.根据真实故事改编的这部电影非常受欢迎。Instead,you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.(P

33、7)相反，你应该基于自己的能力和技能确立目标。base vt.以以为基础（依据）为基础（依据）n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营basic adj.基本的；必需的basically adv.基本上，从根本上说baseless adj.无根据的The campsite provided only basic facilities.野营地只提供基本设施。There have been some problems but basically its a good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但这基本上仍不失为一个好系统。The rumours were compl

34、etely baseless.那些谣传毫无根据。This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.(P7)这会提醒你在为什么而努力，并让你保持专注。remind vt.提醒，使想起提醒，使想起remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事remind sb that.提醒某人That smell reminds me of France.那股气味让我想起了法国。Remind me to buy some milk tonight.提

35、醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.韦兰太太提醒她的儿子他们还有几个人要拜访。reminder n.引起回忆的事物The photo is a reminder of my trip.这张照片让我想起那次旅行。After you set a goal,it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it.(P7)设定好目标后，重要的是坚持并朝着目标努力。stick to 坚持；固守，维持坚持；固守，维持stick to sbs word 遵守诺言stick to the rules 遵守规则stick to sbs guns 一意孤行He promised to help us and he stuck to his word.他答应过帮助我们，他没有失信。stick v.戳，粘贴，卡住He stuck the broken pieces together.他将碎片粘到一起。Polish your writing after class and exchange your writing with other classmates.