Unit 1 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）(7)-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Grammar Grammar 语法要搞定三个部分语法语法句子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句特殊句特殊句句子成分词类I love you.何谓句子成分？其实就是组成句子的各个部分。我们了解了句子，今天我们继续来了解句子成分主主谓谓宾宾谓语谓语主语主语表语表语 宾语宾语间接宾语间接宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语直接宾语直接宾语状语状语 S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(direct object)IO(indirect object)OC(object complement)若是在句子中，句子中的主语就相当于主角。句子中

2、的主语就相当于主角。我们就写一句以小李子(Leo)为主语的话吧。（我们就演一场以小李子为主角的戏吧。主角上场，定有大事发生！除了我还有谁能当主角？The man.小李子.The man holds.小李子抱着.小李子做的这个“抱”的动作就表示谓语。谓语就是主语发出的动作。谓语就是主语发出的动作。小李子既然要抱，那抱的是什么呢？好，配角出场！The man holds a girl.小李子抱着一个妹纸.这个妹纸，也就是配角，在句子中，宾语是主语发出动作的作用对象。宾语是主语发出动作的作用对象。一个粗糙的彩排，就这样出来了。主语：小李子主语：小李子谓语：抱着谓语：抱着宾语：妹纸宾语：妹纸也是一个简

3、单句。评判一个戏的好坏，可不止演员演技哦，还有戏中一系列精妙的细节。所以，我们现在要给小李子画一个妆。The handsome man holds a girl.帅气的帅气的小李子抱着一个妹纸小李子抱着一个妹纸.喵靠铃铛，人靠发量The handsome man，with thick hair holds a girl.那个帅气的，那个帅气的，有浓密头发的有浓密头发的小李子抱着一个妹纸小李子抱着一个妹纸.化妆，发量，这些都是修饰限定主角的。戏服有了，我们还要搭一个场景，在句子中修饰名词在句子中修饰名词性的词，被叫做定性的词，被叫做定语。语。The handsome man，with thick

4、 hair on the ship holds a girl.那个帅气的，有浓密头发的小李子那个帅气的，有浓密头发的小李子在船上在船上抱抱着一个妹纸着一个妹纸.一个故事，除了把地点讲清楚，时间也可以烘托气氛。The handsome man，with thick hair on the ship holds a girl at dusk.黄昏黄昏，那个帅气的，有浓密头发的小李，那个帅气的，有浓密头发的小李子在船上抱着一个妹纸子在船上抱着一个妹纸.时间，地点，都是表示这部剧的背景，也就是语法中的状语。状语是啥呢？状语是啥呢？也作修饰，说明地点，时间，原因，结果，也作修饰，说明地点，时间，原因，结

5、果，条件，方式，方向，程度等。条件，方式，方向，程度等。其实，学语法，把上面搞清楚也差不多够了。不过呢，还是会让你们把其余三个了解一下。这里的alone，就是宾语小李子的补语，对宾语小李子的补充说明，使句子更完整。She let him alone.她丢下他一个人。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。主语的补语，就是放在主语后面的补足语，又叫表语，是说明主主语的补语，就是放在主语后面的补足语，又叫表语，是说明主语的身份，品质，状态的词或从句，常位于系动词之后。语的身份，品质，状态的词或从句，常位于系动词之后。The other man is a gaofushuai

6、.那个男人是个高富帅。高富帅，是对the other man进行补充说明。主系表，也可以说成主谓补。当然结局肯定没有这么简单。原来高富帅是小李子的身影。Leo，a gaofushuai，is cheated by a girl！小李子，堂堂一个糕富帅，居然被妹纸骗了！这就说到我们讲的同位语了，这就说到我们讲的同位语了，同位语就是两个词语，同位语就是两个词语，都是在说同一个人。都是在说同一个人。到这里，我们八个基本句子成分就讲完了。大家了解他们是干嘛的了么？Basic Sentence Patterns简单句简单句基本句型基本句型English words or word groups can

7、be basically organized into five sentence types according to their grammatical functions:subject(主语主语),predicate(谓语谓语),object(宾语宾语),predicative(表语表语),etc.SVOOSVOC简单句的五种基本句型：简单句的五种基本句型：1.主主+谓谓(不及物动词不及物动词)SV2.主主+谓谓(系动词系动词)+表语表语 SVP3.主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语 SVO4.主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主主+谓谓(及物

8、动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)(SV)此句型中此句型中“主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词/词组词组”构成句构成句子主体部分，子主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。但有时为了表示但有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间目的、地点或时间等，可以有等，可以有状语状语来修饰。来修饰。1)Class begins.4)His father has gone abroad.3)I agree.状语修饰动词状语修饰动词2)The bo

9、mb blew up.It came out as a book in 2019.(SVA)4)Ill write about my volleyball team in my future books.He spent four weeks at a summer camp.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(SVO)此句型中谓语是此句型中谓语是及物动词及物动词，其后必须跟，其后必须跟宾语宾语才才能使句意表达完整。能使句意表达完整。注意：注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。个及物动词，之后可加宾语。1)You must

10、 listen to me.3)He arrived in London yesterday.2)She is laughing at the crippled man.SVOADavid Smith is a student.主语主语+谓语谓语(系动词系动词)+表语表语(SVP)此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或表明主语性质或状态状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。的表语，才能表达完整的意思。1)He became a scientist.2)My sister is out now.3)Dinner

11、 smells good.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。S V（系动词）PThis (be)a dictionaryThe dinner (smell)delicious.He (feel)happy.Everything (look)different.The twins (be)tall The book (be)interesting.The weather (become)warmer.His face (turn)redissmellsfeelslooksareisbecomesturned其它其它系动词系动词状态：seem,appea

12、r,prove 感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look 变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow,fall持续：remain,stay,keep,continueIll show you my stamps too.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)2)I bought John a birthday present.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语1)I showed him my pictures.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语Hobbies can make you grow as a pe

13、rson.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(SVOC)在某些在某些及物动词及物动词的后面，需要用一个的后面，需要用一个宾语宾语再加一个再加一个宾补宾补才能表达完整的意思。才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语结构宾语补足语结构例句例句I will make you captain.His speech left the President in a very different position.1)名词名词2)介词短语介词短语宾语补足语结构宾语补足语结构常见动词常见动词例句例句My mother asked me to wash the clothes.We w

14、atched the children play games.to do(to be)+n/adj.不带不带to的的不定式不定式3)4)5)advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,wantconsider,think,believe,discover,find,judge,prove,imagine,supposefeel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,

15、watch,listen to,look at1.We consider him(to be)a good teacher.2.I find the story very interesting.1.I found the book easily.2.I found the book easy.3.He got himself into trouble.4.He got her a splendid present.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语判断下列句子

16、属于哪种简单句类型。判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。5.Things change.6.Mr.Brown is an artist.7.The girl dances well.8.I will tell you a good news.主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？典型典型例题分析例题分析1.Plants need water.2.The flower is so fresh.3.The sun rises 4.He gives

17、 me some flowers.5.We should keep the room clean.主 +谓+宾主+系+表主+谓主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补典型典型例题分析例题分析7.Her father looks young.8.She teaches us English.9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.10.Our teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs.11.He often tells me some interesting stories.12.

18、The students must keep their eyes closed.主+系+表主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+状语主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+间宾+直宾主 +谓+宾+宾补On the first day of school,Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals.Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below.The first one has been done for you.Check your an

19、swers.(3)These habitswill behelpful.(5)youwill livea happy life.(2)Setting goals makesyoumore confident.(4)setting goals gives youa focus in life.P6verbobjectWorking out the rules.Translation.He saw a girl in red get on the bus.He saw a girl in red getting on the bus.他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩上车了上车了。他看见一个红衣

20、女孩他看见一个红衣女孩正在上车正在上车。感官动词等后面既可以接感官动词等后面既可以接不带不带to的不的不定式定式作宾补，也可以用作宾补，也可以用V-ing形式形式作宾作宾补。补。前者前者表示动作表示动作已经结束已经结束，后者后者表表示动作示动作正在发生正在发生。Spring is coming.Leaves turn green.Cows eat grass on the hill.The spring gives us a warm hug.I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever.主语主语谓语谓语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语系动词系动

21、词谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语表语表语 宾语宾语间接间接宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语宾语直接宾语直接宾语状语状语Read this poem and recognize the sentence types.Subject:Verb:Object:Predicative:Object complement:Adverbial:Attributive:()Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.()()()()()()P7 B1Exa

22、mple:You will enjoy personal growth at high school.()()Below are some tips about setting goals.Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures.Write the letters in the boxes.P7 B2c b d g e a f What is your goal for the new term?How are you going to achieve your goal?Write about it using d

23、ifferent sentence structures.Use the example below to help you.P7 B3SVOA SVOA SVPSVSVO简单句的五简单句的五种基本句型种基本句型1.主语主语+谓语谓语(+状状语语)2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(+状状语语)3.主语主语+谓语谓语(系动词系动词)+表语表语4.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语GrammarFocusREVIEWSubject主语The teacher gave a speech.Verb谓语Many students join school

24、 club.Object宾语We should develop good study habits.Complement补语Listening to music makes me relaxed.Adverbial状语Maggie plans her study carefully.Predicative AttributiveIts a lovely day.表语定语I went to a large library yesterday.语法要搞定三个部分语法语法句子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句特殊句特殊句句子成分词类并列连词并列连词表递进或者顺承关系表递进或者顺承关系andand，not not only.but(also);neither.noronly.but(also);neither.nor0101表转折关系表转折关系but;yetbut;yet0202表选择关系表选择关系or;either.or;or;either.or;0303表因果关系表因果关系so;forso;for0404Thank you