2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册第一单元 词汇讲解（ppt课件）.pptx

1、2020版 译林牛津高中新教材 Unit OneWord list1.Potential a potential leader 可能成为领导者的人 exploit/fulfil/realize ones potential 发掘发挥/认识自己的潜力2.Senior He is ten years senior to me.他比我大十岁.senior and junior officers.高级军官和下级军官(often 常作 Senior,abbr 缩写 Sen)(placed immediately after sbs name 置於姓名之後)being the parent of sb w

2、ith the same name（父或母与子女同名情况下的）父或母:John Brown Senior 老约翰.布朗.student in the year before graduation from a high school or college（中学或大学的）毕业班的学生:attrib 作定语 her senior year at college 她在大学毕业班那一年.1、大学一年级学生：freshman 2、大学二年级学生：sophomore 3、大学三年级学生：junior4、大学四年级学生：senior1.pathA lane is a narrow country road.

3、*lane是乡间小径.A path or footpath is a way marked out for people to walk along,between houses in a town or across fields,beside rivers,etc in the country.*path或footpath是市镇中住宅之间或郊野中穿越田地 沿河等有标志的人行道.A track is a rough path in the country,often not officially marked,but made by the constant passing of peopl

4、e,animals or vehicles.*track指郊野土路,常无正式标志,仅为人 动物或车辆走得多而形成者.Lane and track can also refer to the separate parts of a road(lane)or railway(track)separating cars or trains passing in opposite directions or overtaking*lane和track还可指分开来自对面车辆或供超车用的部分路面,公路用lane,铁路用track:a six-lane motorway 有六条行车线的高速公路*a doub

5、le-track railway line 双轨铁路线.Runners in an athletics stadium run in individual lanes.在田径运动场上赛跑的人有各自的lane.*The whole area they run on is called the track.进行赛跑的整个地段称为track.challenge 1 l/tlnd;tlnd/n (to sb)(to do sth)accept a challenge 发出接受挑战.(to sth)difficult,demanding or stimulating task 艰巨的 高难度的或有激励性

6、的任务:Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要l Tn,Tn.pr,Dn.t sb(to sth要求某人做某事（尤指参加竞赛或证明某事正当）:She challenged the newspaper to prove its story.她要求这家报纸证实报道的真实性.Tn 怀疑（某事）的真实性正确性或有效性;提出异议:l challenge sbs right to do sth 怀疑某人是否有权力做某l This

7、new discovery challenges traditional beliefs.这项新的发现对传统观念提出了异议.Tn test the ability of(sb);stimulate 考验（某人）的能力;激励;鞭策:l The job doesnt really challenge him.这项工作不能真正考验 他.challenger n person who challenges,esp in sport 提出竞争要求的人（尤指体育运动中）;挑战者.challenging adj offering problems that test sbs ability;stimulat

8、ing（为考验某人的能力）提出难题的;激励的;挑战的:a challenging job,test,assignment,etc 激励人的工作 考验 任务等.positive /pztv;pztv/adj 明确的指示 命令 规定等*We have no positive proof of her guilt.我们没有她犯罪的确切证据.(about sth/that.)（指人）有把握的,确信的:Are you absolutely positive that it was after midnight?你是否有绝对把握认为那事是在午夜以後发生的?(a)有助益的;建设性的提出有益的建议 意见等*T

9、ry to be more positive in dealing with the problem.对解决该问题再积极一些.(b)自信的;乐观的:a positive attitude,feeling,etc 乐观的态度 情绪等*positive thinking,ie a determined mental attitude that helps one achieve success 必胜的思想.(of the results of a test or an experiment)indicating that a substance is present（指试验或实验的结果）表明存在某

10、物质的,阳性的:The tests proved positive.试验结果呈阳性(mathematics 数)(of a quantity)greater than zero（指数量）正的:a positive number 正数*the positive sign(+)正号.containing or producing the type of electrical charge produced by rubbing glass with silk 正电的;正极的:a positive charge 正电荷*the positive terminal of a battery,ie th

11、e one through which electric current leaves the battery 电池的正极端子.反义词 negativelie 2 /la;la/v(pt lay/le;le/,pp lain/len;len/,pres p lying)躺，在 lie 1 /la;la/v(pt,pp lied,pres p lying)撒谎lay 1 /le;le/v(pt,pp laid/led;led/)放放rise 2 /raz;raz/v(pt rose/ruz;roz/,pp risen/rzn;rzn/)rise to the occasion,challenge

12、,task,etc prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected situation,problem,etc 有随机应变 克服困难 完成任务等的能力.raise vt.饲养;举起;建造(房子);使增加;增强;提高;栽培;繁殖Rise I,Ipr,Ip,In/pr上升The river has risen(by)several metres.河水上涨了好几米I(fml 文)（躺 坐或跪後）起立,起身;起床:accustomed to rising early 习惯於早起He rose(in order)to welcome me.他起身欢迎我Rise

13、 n(a)上升;升起;进展;振兴:the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰.(b)increase in amount,number or intensity（金额 数量或强度的）增加:a rise in the price of meat,the value of the dollar,the average temperature 肉类价格的上涨 美元的升值 平均温度的增高.斜坡;小山;岗;丘:At the top of the rise they paused for a rest.他们在小山的顶部停下来休息.*a(Brit)(US

14、raise)increase(in wages)（工资的）增加:demand a rise(in wages)from next October 要求从下个十月份起增加工资.(idm 习语)give rise to sth(fml 文)cause sth 引起 导致某事物:Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours.她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语.acquire /kwa(r);kwar/v Tn(a)gain(sth)by ones own ability,efforts or behaviour（靠自己的能力 努力或行为而）获得,得到

15、（某事物）:acquire a good knowledge of English,an antique painting,a taste for brandy,a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语 得到一幅古画 学会喝白兰地酒 得到不诚实的名声.acquisition /kwzn;kwzn/n U action of acquiring 获得;得到:the acquisition of antiques,knowledge,a fortune 获得古董 知识 财富.Effort 努力 He must put more effort into his work.他必

16、须更加努力工作.effortless adj needing no or little effort 不需努力的;不费力的:She plays with seemingly effortless skill.她演奏得似乎毫不费力.effortlessly adv.effortlessness n U.Effect n 影响effect /fekt;fkt/n C,U (on sb/sth)效应;结果;後果:The film had quite an effect on them.Affect v.影响Their opinion will not affect my decision.他们的意见

17、不会影响我的决定.Advanceadvance 1 /dvns;US-vns;dvns/n recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展.预付;预支;借贷:The bank gave/made her an advance of 500.银行贷给她500英镑.(idm 习语)in advance(of sth)beforehand;ahead in time 预先;事先;事前:The rent must be paid in advance.租金须预付.Its impossible to know in advance what will happen.

18、预知未来发生的事是不可能的.advance adj attrib 作定语 预先做好的;预先供给的:give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给某人预先警告通知*make an advance booking,ie reserve a hotel room,a seat in a theatre,etc before the time when it is needed 预定（旅馆房间 戏票等）advance 2 /dvns;US-vns;dvns/v(a)I,Ipr,In/pr (on/towards sb/sth)前进:Our troops have

19、 advanced two miles.我们的部队已经前进了两英里.(b)I(fig 比喻)make progress 进步:advance in ones career 在事业上进步Tn 向前移动或推进（某人某事物）:The general advanced his troops at night.将军夜晚将部队向前推进.Tn 促进（某事物）;推动（某人 计划等）:Such conduct is unlikely to advance your interests.这种行为对你可不大有利.Tn(fml 文)作出,提出（要求 建议等）:Scientists have advanced a ne

20、w theory to explain this phenomenon.科学家已提出一种新理论来解释这一现象.Tn,Tn.pr 提前;提早:The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日.Cf 参看 postpone 1.advanced adj 1 在生命或进程中远远在前的:be advanced in years 年事已高 She died at an advanced age.她活到高龄才去世.2 非初步的;高深的;高等的:advanced studies 高深的研究.3 新的而尚未被普遍

21、接受的;先进的;先驱的;超前的:have advanced ideas 有先进的思想.#advanced credit(also advanced standing)(US)credit given by one college for courses taken at another 跨校学分（大专院校对学生在其它院校所学课程给予的学分）.Advanced level(also A level/e levl;e lvl/)(in Britain)higher level in the General Certificate of Education examinations（英国普通教育文凭

22、考试中的）高级程度.Amazing amaze /mez;mez/v Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态 fill(sb)with great surprise or wonder 使（某人）惊异或惊奇:He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇.*We were amazed at/by the change in his appearance.他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶.*She was amazed/It amazed her that he was still alive.他居然还活着使她感到惊异.

23、amazement n U:He looked at me in amazement.他惊愕地看着我.*I heard with amazement that.我听到.大为吃惊.amazing adj(usu approv 通常作褒义):an amazing speed,player,feat 令人惊异的速度 表演者 事迹*I find it amazing that you cant swim.你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊.amazingly adv:Shes amazingly clever.她出奇地聪明.amazed/mezd/extremely surprised:She was amaz

24、ed at how calm she felt after the accident.Amazing Amazed Surprising Surprised Exciting Excited Boring Bored Moving Moved Interesting interestedConfidenceConfidentDistanceDistantDifferenceDifferent Significance Significantmake a,no,some,etc difference(to sb/sth)(a)have an,no,some,etc effect(on sb/st

25、h)（对某人某事物）有 没有 有些.作用或影响:The rain didnt make much difference(to the game).这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响.(b)be important,unimportant,etc(to sb/sth);matter（对某人某事物）重要 不重要等;要紧 不要紧等:It makes no difference(to me)what you say:Im not going.不管你怎麽说（对我来说）都无所谓,反正我不去.It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.

26、你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大.Does that make any difference?ie Is it important,need we consider it?那要紧吗?*Yes,it makes all the difference,ie is very important.是的,非常重要.make the most of sth/get the most out of sthCharming and friendly,she will help you make the most of your visit.advice on how to get the most out

27、of your computerresource /rss,also-zs;US risrs;risrs/n C usu pl 通常作复数 supply of raw materials,etc which bring a country,person,etc wealth 资源:rich in natural,mineral,agricultural,etc resources 自然的 矿产的 农业的.资源丰富*U(fml 文)ingenuity or quick wit;initiative 才智;机敏;创造精神:a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子.resour

28、ceful/-fl;-fl/adj clever at finding ways of doing things 善於随机应变的;机敏的;办法多的.resourcefully/-fl;-fl/adv.resourcefulness n U.facility /fslt;fslt/n U,sing 容易学好或做好事物的能力:have(a)great facility for(learning)languages 有（学习）语言的天才*He plays the piano with surprising facility.他弹奏钢琴神乎其技.facilities pl circumstances,

29、equipment,etc that make it possible,or easier,to do sth;aids 能够或易於做某事的环境 设备等;辅助物:sports facilities,eg running tracks,swimming pools 运动设施（如跑道 游泳池）washing,postal,shopping,banking,etc facilities 洗涤 邮政 购物 银行等设施*facilities for study,eg libraries 有助学习的设施（如图书馆）.facilitate facilitate/fsltet/v T formal to ma

30、ke it easier for a process or activity to happenComputers can be used to facilitate language learning.facilitation/fslten/n Uequal /ikwl;ikwl/adj（大小 数量 价值 程度 状况等）相同的,相等的,同样的:They are of equal height.他们一般高.pred 作表语 to sth/doing sth 对某事物有力量 勇气 能力等;能胜任:She feels equal to the task.她认为能胜任该项工作.equal n 和自己

31、相当的人或事物:Hes my equal in strength.他和我力气一样大.equal v(-ll-)(US-l-)Tn,Tn.pr sb/sth(in sth与某人某事物相同或相等:equalling the Olympic record 平奥运会纪录*He is equalled by no one in kindness.没有人比他更善良.equality/kwlt;kwlt/n U 平等:Women are still struggling for true equality with men.妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等.equalize,-ise/ikwlaz;ikwlaz/

32、v I,Tn（使某事物）（在大小 数量等上）相等equally/ikwl;ikwl/adv 1 相等地;同等地:They are equally clever.他们一样聪明.equator /kwet(r);kwet/n赤道Attitude to/towards sthApproach to sthKey to Entrance toAnswer to Goal aim purpose target Last but not least To begin with;to start with;whats more;moreover;furthermore;in addition;additio

33、nally;Responsible ResponsibilityResponseRespond ahead /hed;hd/adv (of sb/sth)（在空间或时间上）向前,往前,朝前;在前:He ran ahead.他跑在前面 ahead of prep further forward in space or time than(sb/sth);in front of（在空间或时间上比某人某事物）更前,更早London is about five hours ahead of New York.伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右.Ahead of us lay ten days of milit

34、ary training.我们当前有十天的强化训练.in the lead over(sb/sth);further advanced than 处於（某人某事物）的领先地位;比.更先进;领先:His ideas were(way)ahead of his time.他的思想比他所处的时代先进（得多）.junior /dun(r);dunj/adj (to sb)lower in rank or standing(than sb)（较某人）地位或身分低的He is several years junior to Mrs Cooper.他比库珀太太小几岁.Junior(abbrs 缩写 Jnr,

35、Jr,Jun)(esp US)(used after a name to refer to a son who has the same name as his father or to the younger of two boys having the same name in a school,university,etc 父子同名时,用於儿子姓名之後,两学生同姓时,用於年幼者之名後,以示区别):Martin Luther King,Jr(Brit)of or intended for children from the ages of 7 to 11（7至11岁）儿童的:junior

36、school 小学 junior n 1（一职业中）地位较低者;从事次要工作的人:the office junior 办公室的一般职员.2 比某人小若干岁:He is three years her junior/her junior by three years.他比她小三岁.independent /ndpendnt;ndpndnt/adj (of sb/sth)not dependent 独立的;自主的;自立的:old enough to be independent of ones parents 年岁已大不必依赖父母 depend focus /fuks;foks/n(pl es o

37、r foci/fusa;fosa/)（光 声等的）中心点,源.焦点;焦距.C usu sing 通常作单数 centre of activity,interest,etc 活动的中心;使人感兴趣的所在:Her beauty makes her the focus of attention.她长得漂亮,很惹人注目.(idm 习语)be in focus;bring sth/come into focus(cause sth to)be or become clearly seen or sharply defined（使某事物）清晰 明确或在焦点上:Bring the object into f

38、ocus if you want a sharp photograph.要照出清晰的照片,就要把焦点对准物体.be/go out of focus not be or no longer be clearly seen,etc 模糊 不清楚或不在焦点上:The childrens faces were badly out of focus(ie were very blurred)in the photograph.照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊.focus v(-s-or-ss-)1(a)I become able to see clearly 能够看清楚:His eyes focused sl

39、owly in the dark room.他在那间黑屋子里眼睛慢慢地看清了东西.(b)Tn,Tn.pr sth(on sth)cause sth to be concentrated(at a point)使某事物集中（於一点）:If you focus the suns rays through a magnifying glass on a dry leaf,it will start to burn.用放大镜把阳光聚到乾叶子上,叶子就能燃烧2(a)I,Ipr (on sth)concentrate(on sth)集中（於某事物）:Im so tired I cant focus(on

40、anything)today.今天我太累了,精神集中不起来.(b)Tn,Tn.pr sth(on sth)concentrate(ones attention,etc)on(sth)将（注意力等）集中於（某事物）:Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题.detail 1 /ditel;US dtel;dtel/n C small,particular fact or item 细目;细节;详情:Please give me all the details.请告诉我全部详情.*I checked every detai

41、l of her research.我核对了她的学术研究的各个细节.*The details of the costume were totally authentic.这件古装的每个小go into detail(s)speak or write about all aspects of sth 详细叙述:He refused to go into details about his plans.他不肯详述他计划的细节.in detail discussing all facts or items fully 详细地:to explain/describe sth in detail 详细解

42、释叙述某事物.detailed adj having many details or paying great attention to details;thorough 详细的;极注意细节的;详尽的;完全的:a detailed description,account,analysis,etc 详尽的叙述 报道 分析等.As a result of Owing to Due toThanks toBecause oftip 1 /tp;tp/n pointed or thin end of sth 尖端;尖儿:the tip of ones nose 鼻尖(idm 习语)(have sth)

43、on the tip of ones tongue just about to be spoken or remembered 话到嘴边或几乎想起:His names on the tip of my tongue,but I just cant think of it.他的名字就在嘴边上,可我就是想不起来.the tip of the iceberg small but evident part of a much larger concealed situation,problem,etc 重要情况 重大问题等显露出的小部分:Over 100 burglaries are reported

44、 every month,and thats just the tip of the iceberg,ie many more occur but are not reported.每月报案的入室盗窃案超过百起,而这只不过是已知的一小部分.tip v(-pp-)Tn,Tn.pr sth(with sth)fit a tip to sth;put on the tip of sth 给某物装上尖头;置於某物顶端:filter-tipped cigarettes 带过滤嘴的香烟*The legs of the table were tipped with rubber.桌子腿装上了橡皮头.*The

45、 native warriors tipped their spears with poison.土着斗士把毒药涂在长矛尖上.tip n 1 small sum of money given to a waiter,taxi-driver,etc as a personal reward for their services（给服务员 计程车司机等的）小费,小帐:He left a tip under his plate.他把小费放在盘子下面了.Base(a)lowest part of sth,esp the part on which it rests or is supported（某物

46、的）底部(c)(fig 比喻)starting-point;underlying principle 起点;基本原则:She used her familys history as a base for her novel.她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的蓝本.Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up.使用化妆品之前先用点润肤脂打底.place at which armed forces,expeditions,etc have their stores（军队 探险队等的）基地,根据地:an air base 空

47、军基地 baseless adj without cause or foundation 无原因的;无根据的:baseless fears,rumours,suspicions 无根据的恐慌 谣言 怀疑.base 2 /bes;bes/v Tn.pr sth on sth use sth as grounds,evidence,etc for sth else 以某事物为另一事物的根据 证据等:This novel is based on historical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的.*Remind sb of sthRemind sb that Reminder propo

48、sal /prpuzl;prpozl/n U action of suggesting or putting forward 提议;建议:C (for sth/doing sth);(to do sth)thing that is suggested;plan or scheme 提案;建议;方案:a proposal for uniting the two companies 将两公司联合起来的建议*Various proposals were put forward for increasing sales.为提高销售额而提出了各种的建议.*a proposal to offer a di

49、scount to regular customers 对经常性的主顾予以折扣优惠的方案.C suggestion or request,esp from a man to a woman,that the two should marry 求婚（尤指男向女）:She had had many proposals(of marriage)but preferred to remain single.许多人向她求过婚,但她愿过独身生活.professional n 1 person qualified or employed in one of the professions 具有某专业资格的人

50、;从事某专业的人;专业人士:You need a professional to sort out your finances.你需要专业人士替你管理财务.You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation.你在索赔的问题上需要内行人士作指导.a professional footballer,material 1 /mtrl;mtrl/n C,U substance or things from which sth else is or can be made;thing with which