2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册Unit 2 词汇讲解（ppt课件）.pptx

1、U2词汇讲解1.roof n.屋顶，顶部屋顶，顶部 the roof of.的顶部的顶部The roof of the car was not damaged in the accident.事故中，车顶事故中，车顶没有遭到损坏。没有遭到损坏。I am just thankful that we have a roof over our heads.我们有地方我们有地方住我就很感激了。住我就很感激了。2.see eye to eye with sb.on sth.(在某事上在某事上)与某人看法一致与某人看法一致He doesnt see eye to eye with his brother

2、about this matter.在这在这个问题上他和他哥哥看法不一致个问题上他和他哥哥看法不一致keep an eye on.照看，留意照看，留意 keep an eye out for 密切注意密切注意3.argue：v.争吵，争论，争辩，说理，论证争吵，争论，争辩，说理，论证 argue with ab about sth 与某人争论某事与某人争论某事Were always arguing with each other about money.我们总是为钱吵嘴。我们总是为钱吵嘴。He argued that they needed more time to finish the pr

3、oject.他提出理由说明他们需要更多时间他提出理由说明他们需要更多时间完成该项目。完成该项目。argument n.争吵，争论，论点争吵，争论，论点We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia.对安乐死支持和反对者都有强有力的对安乐死支持和反对者都有强有力的论据。论据。3.teenager：n.(13至至19岁之间的岁之间的)青少年，青少年男女青少年，青少年男女She wa

4、s a child prodigy,giving concerts before she was a teenager.她是个神童，十来岁不到就她是个神童，十来岁不到就举办音乐会。举办音乐会。teenage adj.十几岁的十几岁的(指指13至至19岁岁);青少年的青少年的She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。4.tension：n.紧张局势紧张局势(或关系、状况或关系、状况)，(情绪上的情绪上的)紧张，烦躁，拉伸紧张，烦躁，拉伸There is mounting

5、tension along the border.边境局势日趋紧张。边境局势日趋紧张。We laughed and that helped ease the tension.我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。和下来。tense adj.神经紧张的，担心的，不能松弛的神经紧张的，担心的，不能松弛的The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense.会议的气氛会议的气氛越来越紧张。越来越紧张。5.anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的He wa

6、s a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.他有点担心机器的安全他有点担心机器的安全性。性。She was anxious that it might be cancer.她担心可能是癌症。她担心可能是癌症。造句：我们为你担心。造句：我们为你担心。We were anxious for you.归纳拓展：归纳拓展：(1).be anxious for/about(be worried/concerned about)为为担心担心/担忧担忧be anxious for(be eager for/be keen on)渴望渴望be anxio

7、us(for sb.)to do sth.渴望渴望(某人某人)做做 be anxious that.渴望渴望(从句谓语从句谓语用用should do，should可以省略可以省略)(2).anxiously adv.焦躁地；急切地焦躁地；急切地 (3).anxiety n.担心；焦虑；渴望担心；焦虑；渴望比较级：比较级：more anxious 最高级：最高级：most anxious单句语法填空单句语法填空.We were anxious for everyone to know(know)the truth.We waited with anxiety(anxious)for the ne

8、ws of her safe arrival.She is anxious about not passing(pass)the College Entrance Exam.More and more people are anxious(anxiety)for the quality of the air.6.rate：n.速度，速率，进度，比率，率速度，速率，进度，比率，率 vt./vi.评价，评估评价，评估at a different rate 以不同的速率以不同的速率 at the rate of 以以-速度速度at any rate （强调事情的真实性）无论如何，不管怎样（强调事情的

9、真实性）无论如何，不管怎样;（表示说得更加确切）不管怎样，至少（表示说得更加确切）不管怎样，至少;（强（强调下文）总而言之，反正调下文）总而言之，反正Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。公里。The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate.报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。His pulse rate dropped sudde

10、nly.他的脉搏速率突然下降。他的脉搏速率突然下降。Well,thats one good piece of news at any rate.不管怎么说，这是个好消息。不管怎么说，这是个好消息。7.shoot v.(使朝某方向使朝某方向)冲，奔，射击，射杀，摄影冲，奔，射击，射杀，摄影 过去式：过去式：shot 过去分词：过去分词：shotshoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿，陡增快速长高，蹿个儿，陡增 shoot at 向向.射击射击shoot.in the head/back/leg 射中射中.的头部的头部/背部背部/腿部腿部 troops shooting at the enemy 向敌

11、人射击的部队向敌人射击的部队A man was shot in the leg.一个人被射中腿部。一个人被射中腿部。A plane shot across the sky.飞机掠过天空。飞机掠过天空。Flames were shooting up through the roof.火不断从房顶蹿上来。火不断从房顶蹿上来。The movie was shot in black and white.那部电影拍成了黑白片。那部电影拍成了黑白片。8.spot:n.粉刺，斑点，污渍，地点，场所粉刺，斑点，污渍，地点，场所 v.注意到，发现，使有污渍注意到，发现，使有污渍过去式：过去式：spotted 过

12、去分词：过去分词：spottedon the spot 当场，在现场当场，在现场 spot sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事发现某人在做某事be spotted with .满是满是.斑点污渍斑点污渍He was wearing a black skirt with white spots.她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。His jacket was covered with spots of mud.他的上衣满是泥点。他的上衣满是泥点。He answered the question on the spot.他当场就回答了那个问题。他当场就回答了那个问题。Ive

13、 just spotted a mistake on the front cover.我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。His shirt was spotted with oil.他的衬衣上满是油点。他的衬衣上满是油点。9.target n(攻击攻击)目标，对象；靶子目标，对象；靶子 vt.把把作为攻击目标；面向作为攻击目标；面向There is no target date for completion of the new project.这个新的项目何时完工没有预定日期。这个新的项目何时完工没有预定日期。Higher degrees in English ar

14、e a target for foreign students.获得英语高等学位是外国学生的目标。获得英语高等学位是外国学生的目标。造句造句:该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。The area has become a prime target for supermarket development.(1).set a target设定目标设定目标 aim at the target 瞄准目标瞄准目标 hit/miss the target中中/脱靶脱靶(2).target sth.on/at把把对准对准 be targeted on/at 以以为目标；把为目标；把对

15、准；旨在对准；旨在单句语法填空单句语法填空.Set yourself targets(target)that you can reasonably hope to achieve.This TV show is mainly targeted(target)on the young.To hit the target，you have to aim at it.We were still right on target for our deadline.9.anger:n.怒气，怒火怒气，怒火 v.使发怒，激怒使发怒，激怒 in anger 生气地生气地 angrily adv.愤怒地；生气地

16、愤怒地；生气地He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。He cried with anger and frustration.他愤怒而又沮丧得哭了起来。他愤怒而又沮丧得哭了起来。angry adj.生气的，愤怒的生气的，愤怒的 比较级：比较级：angrier 最高级：最高级：angriestbe angry with/at sb be angry at/about sthPlease dont be angry with me.It wasnt my fault.请别

17、冲着我发脾气，不是我的错。请别冲着我发脾气，不是我的错。He felt angry at the injustice of the situation.他对这种不公的现象感到愤愤不平。他对这种不公的现象感到愤愤不平。10.desire:n./v.愿望，欲望，渴望愿望，欲望，渴望 desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的have a strong desire for sth/to do sth 有做某事的强烈的愿望有做某事的强烈的愿望desire to do sth渴望去做某事渴望去做某事 desire sb to do srh 渴望

18、某人去做某事渴望某人去做某事a strong desire for power 强烈的权力欲强烈的权力欲I have no desire(=I do not want)to discuss the matter further.我不想再谈此事。我不想再谈此事。The house had everything you could desire.这房子你要什么有什么。这房子你要什么有什么。11.struggle n&vi.斗争；拼搏；努力斗争；拼搏；努力The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.这个公司正竭力为它的新产

19、品寻这个公司正竭力为它的新产品寻找买主。找买主。One in five young adults was struggling with everyday mathematics.每每5个年轻人中就有一个做日常的数学计算很费劲。个年轻人中就有一个做日常的数学计算很费劲。造句造句:她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。Shes struggling to bring up a family alone.struggle against/with sb./sth.同同做斗争；与做斗争；与抗争抗争struggle for sth.为为而斗争而斗争 struggle to do st

20、h.努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来单句语法填空单句语法填空.They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.I could see the young boy struggling(struggle)to free himself.The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.He has been struggling for success in h

21、is business.12.rough:adj.艰难的，粗糙的，不确切的，不平滑的，高低不平的，粗暴艰难的，粗糙的，不确切的，不平滑的，高低不平的，粗暴的，粗略的的，粗略的adv.粗鲁地，粗野地粗鲁地，粗野地 比较级：比较级：rougher 最高级：最高级：roughestThe skin on her hands was hard and rough.她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。Ive got a rough idea of where I want to go.我大致知道我想去哪里了。我大致知道我想去哪里了。This watch is not designed

22、 for rough treatment.这块手表不可重拿重拿放。这块手表不可重拿重拿放。Do they always play this rough?他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？13.regular:adj.频繁的，有规律的，定期的，规则的频繁的，有规律的，定期的，规则的There is a regular bus service to the airport.有班车定时发往机场。有班车定时发往机场。Its important to follow the regular procedure.按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。regularly a

23、dv.有规律地；间隙均匀地；经常；均匀地有规律地；间隙均匀地；经常；均匀地 regularity n.规律性；经常性；匀称；规律性；经常性；匀称；有规则的东西有规则的东西 regulate v.(用规则条例用规则条例)约束；控制；管理；调节约束；控制；管理；调节14.calm vt.使平静；使镇定；使平静；使镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的平静的；镇静的；沉着的 比较级：比较级：calmer 最高级：最高级：calmestIt is important to keep calm in an emergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。Tuesda

24、y was a fine，clear and calm day.星期二是晴空万里、风和日丽的一天。星期二是晴空万里、风和日丽的一天。造句造句:试着保持冷静，告诉我发生了什么。试着保持冷静，告诉我发生了什么。Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.(1).calm down平静下来；镇静下来平静下来；镇静下来 calm sb.down 使某人平静下来使某人平静下来(2).stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静保持镇静 (3).calmly adv.平静地；镇静地；沉着地平静地；镇静地；沉着地（4）.calmness n.冷静，

25、镇静；平静，安宁冷静，镇静；平静，安宁;16.concern n担心；关心担心；关心 vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到使担忧；涉及；关系到This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。本章旨在讲述历史背景。She hasnt been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。造句造句:在生命最后的日子里，诗人表达了她对父亲的关切。在生命最后的日子里，诗人表达

26、了她对父亲的关切。In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.(1).show concern for.对对关切；关心关切；关心(2).It concerns/concerned sb.that.令某人担忧的是令某人担忧的是(3).concerned adj.担心的；关注的担心的；关注的 as/so far as.be concerned 关于；至于；就关于；至于；就而言而言be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念关心；担忧；挂念 be concerned with sth.牵涉到；与牵涉到；与有关有

27、关(4).concerning prep.关于；就关于；就而言而言单句语法填空单句语法填空.As far as the space technology is concerned(concern)，China ranks third in the world.He asked several questions concerning(concern)the future of the company.More and more people show great concern for road safety.What concerns(concern)me is our lack of pr

28、eparation for the change.17.back down 承认错误，认输，打退堂鼓承认错误，认输，打退堂鼓 Its too late to back down now.现在打退堂鼓已现在打退堂鼓已经太晚了。经太晚了。He had to back down on plans to backdate the tax changes.他不得不放弃追溯税收调整的计他不得不放弃追溯税收调整的计划。划。His determination and refusal to back down had won the day 他的坚定和拒不退让使他赢得了他的坚定和拒不退让使他赢得了胜利。胜利。1

29、8.normal:adj.典型的；正常的；一般的典型的；正常的；一般的 n.常态，通常标准，一般水平常态，通常标准，一般水平as normal 像往常一样像往常一样Its normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。Under normal circumstances,I would say yes.一般情况下，我会说一般情况下，我会说“行行”。19.stress n精神压力；紧张；强调；精神压力；紧张；强调；vt.加压力于；着重；强调加压力于；着重；强调It was underta

30、ken under the stress of desperation.那是在绝望的迫使下做出的一种反应。那是在绝望的迫使下做出的一种反应。In the meeting，they laid stress on the importance of reducing pollution.在大会上，他们强调了减少污染的重要性。在大会上，他们强调了减少污染的重要性。造句造句:失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。Unemployment and his wifes health put him under great stress.(1).lay/plac

31、e/put stress on强调；着重于强调；着重于under the stress of在在压力下；为压力下；为所迫所迫be under stress处于压力之下处于压力之下 (2).stress the importance of.强调强调的重要性的重要性(3).stressful adj.压力重的；有压力的压力重的；有压力的(4).stressed adj.(人人)紧张的紧张的 单句语法填空单句语法填空.To my excitement，my new job is much less stressful(stress).It must be stressed(stress)that t

32、his disease is very rare.He stressed the importance of a good education.When we are under stress our bodies tend to tense up.20.argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证说理，论证 argument n.争吵，争论，论点争吵，争论，论点Do you often argue with your wife about which TV programme to watch?Woolfs report argued for an improveme

33、nt in prison conditions.伍尔夫的报告主张改善监狱条件。伍尔夫的报告主张改善监狱条件。造句造句:我们总是为钱吵嘴。我们总是为钱吵嘴。Were always arguing with each other about money.(1).argue with sb.(about/over sth.)(就某事就某事)与某人争与某人争(辩辩)论论 argue for/against sth.据理赞成据理赞成/反对反对argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事说服某人做某事 argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事说服某人不做某事单

34、句语法填空单句语法填空:.We had an argument(argue)with the waiter about the bill.They are arguing over/about foreign policy.The report argues against/for tax increases.I argued her out of going(go)on such a dangerous journey.21.design n设计；制订；图案；构思设计；制订；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思设计；计划；构思The magazine will appear in a new

35、design from next month.从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。造句造句:这种方法是为小组活动设计的。这种方法是为小组活动设计的。The method is designed for use in small groups.(1).by designon purpose 故意地，蓄意地故意地，蓄意地(2).be designed to do sth.目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事目的

36、是做某事；被设计用于做某事 be designed for打算作打算作用；为用；为而设计而设计be designed as 打算当作打算当作；设计成；设计成(3).designer n.设计者；谋划者设计者；谋划者单句语法填空单句语法填空.HUNCH is designed to connect(connect)high school classrooms with NASA engineers.As far as I know，the course is designed for beginners.The programme is designed(design)to help the o

37、rphans.The room can be also designed as a meeting room.22.expert n.专家，行家，能手专家，行家，能手 adj.熟练的，内行的，专家的熟练的，内行的，专家的an expert on/in sth 某方面的专家某方面的专家 be expert at doing sth 熟练于做某事熟练于做某事an expert in child psychology儿童心理学家儿童心理学家 an expert on modern literature现代文学研究专家现代文学研究专家Shes expert at making(make)cheap b

38、ut stylish clothes.她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。Well need an expert opinion 我们需要听听专家的意见。我们需要听听专家的意见。23.likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的可能的，预料的，有希望的 more likely most likely We will most likely see him later.我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。He is likely to leave for New York next week.他下周很可能去纽约。他下周很可能去纽约。造句：他很可能两天后会来这

39、儿。造句：他很可能两天后会来这儿。Its likely that he will come here in two days.(1).likely adj.可能的可能的 sb./sth.be likely to do.可能做可能做It is likely that.可能可能 Not likely!不会！不可能！不会！不可能！(2).unlikely adj.不可能的不可能的(3).unlike prep.不像；与不像；与不同不同 单句语法填空单句语法填空.They are likely to finish(finish)the job on Sunday.It is likely that t

40、he girl will win the match.Usually she is a latecomer，so its unlikely(likely)that shell arrive before seven.24.unique adj.独一无二的，独特的，特有的独一无二的，独特的，特有的 be unique to 对对.所特有所特有Everyones fingerprints are unique.每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。an atmosphere that is unique to New York 纽约所独具的气氛纽约所独具的气氛25.perform

41、ance n表现；表演；执行，履行表现；表演；执行，履行It was an impressive performance by the French team.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。造句造句:你认为我的表演怎么样？你认为我的表演怎么样？What do you think of my performance?(1).give/put on a performance演出；表演演出；表演(2).perform vt.&vi.表演；履行；执行；表现表演；履行；执行；表现 perform a(n).role in在在中起中起作作用用perform ones dut

42、y/promise尽职责尽职责/履行诺言履行诺言 perform an operation/experiment做做手术手术/实验实验(3).performer n.执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者单句语法填空单句语法填空.You are expected to perform(perform)your duties.They gave performances(perform)to collect money for the project.When asked to put on a performance，she refused.Performed(perfo

43、rm)so frequently，the play was familiar to a lot of people.26.press v.催促，逼迫，按，压，挤，推催促，逼迫，按，压，挤，推 n.报章杂志，报道报章杂志，报道the press 新闻工作者，新闻界新闻工作者，新闻界 press sth on sb 把把.强加于某人强加于某人pressure n.压力压力 put pressure on sb 给某人压力给某人压力The story was reported in the press and on television.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。H

44、e gave the bell another press.他又按了一下铃。他又按了一下铃。She pressed her face against the window.她她把脸贴在窗上。把脸贴在窗上。He pressed a coin into her hand and moved on.他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.银行正在催我们偿还贷款。银行正在催我们偿还贷款。27.eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的热切的，渴望的，渴求的Robe

45、rt，who used to be a successful captain，is eager to talk about his life in the army.罗伯特曾是个成功的上尉，他很想谈谈他的军队生活。罗伯特曾是个成功的上尉，他很想谈谈他的军队生活。She is eager for her parents approval.她渴望得到父母的赞许。她渴望得到父母的赞许。造句造句:这个年轻女孩很努力，因为她渴望成功。这个年轻女孩很努力，因为她渴望成功。The young girl is working hard，for she is eager for success.(1).be e

46、ager for sth.渴望得到渴望得到be eager to do sth.渴望做某事渴望做某事(2).eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地热切地，渴望地(3).eagerness n.热切；渴望热切；渴望单句语法填空单句语法填空.The poor girl is eager for knowledge.The fans were waiting for the famous star eagerly(eager).Each week I was eager to count(count)my growing savings increased by extra work here an

47、d there.I couldnt hide my eagerness(eager)to get back home.28.account vt.认为是；视为；说明；总计有认为是；视为；说明；总计有 n账户；描述；解释；说明；报道账户；描述；解释；说明；报道Women account for the majority of our customers.我们的顾客中女性占多数。我们的顾客中女性占多数。He has a bad name on account of his dishonesty.他因不诚实而声名狼藉。他因不诚实而声名狼藉。造句造句:我希望你能考虑一下我的建议。我希望你能考虑一下我的

48、建议。I hope you will take my suggestion into account.(1).account for 说明说明(原因等原因等)；做出解释；占；做出解释；占(比例比例)(2).open/close a bank account开开/销银行账户销银行账户 on account ofbecause of 由于；因为由于；因为on no account不论什么理由都不不论什么理由都不 give an account for 描述描述take.into accounttake.into consideration 考虑考虑；把；把考虑在内考虑在内(3).accountan

49、t n.会计会计单句语法填空单句语法填空.Hell have to account for where every cent goes.On no account will I lose heart.Before making a decision，we should take the needs of customers into account.29.secure adj.安心的，可靠的，牢固的，安全的安心的，可靠的，牢固的，安全的(1).securely adv.安心地，牢固地安心地，牢固地 She locked the door securely behind her.她随手把门锁好。

50、她随手把门锁好。(2).security n.保护措施，安全工作，保安部门，担保保护措施，安全工作，保安部门，担保(3).insecure adj.不安全的，不可靠的，无把握的不安全的，不可靠的，无把握的(4).be secure from 免受免受.的威胁的威胁At last they were able to feel secure about the future.他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。Its not a very secure way to make a living.以此谋生终非长久之计。以此谋生终非长久之计。30.graduate v.毕业