Unit 1 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.ppt

1、Spring is coming.Leaves turn green.Cows eat grass on the hill.The spring gives us a warm hug.I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever.主语主语谓语谓语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语系动词系动词谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语表语表语 宾语宾语间接间接宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语宾语直接宾语直接宾语状语状语Read this poem and recognize the sentence types.谓语谓语主语主语表语表语 宾语宾语间接宾语间接宾语宾语

2、补足语宾语补足语直接宾语直接宾语状语状语 S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(direct object)IO(indirect object)OC(object complement)On the first day of school,Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals.Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below.The fi

3、rst one has been done for you.Check your answers.(3)These habitswill behelpful.(5)youwill livea happy life.(2)Setting goals makesyoumore confident.(4)setting goals gives youa focus in life.P6verbobjectWorking out the rules.English words or word groups can be basically organized into five sentence ty

4、pes according to their grammatical functions:subject(主语主语),predicate(谓语谓语),object(宾语宾语),predicative(表语表语),etc.SVOOSVOC简单句的五种基本句型：简单句的五种基本句型：1.主主+谓谓(不及物动词不及物动词)SV2.主主+谓谓(系动词系动词)+表语表语 SVP3.主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语 SVO4.主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主主+谓谓(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Focus on Focus on 基本用

5、法基本用法主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)(SV)此句型中此句型中“主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词/词组词组”构成句构成句子主体部分，子主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。但有时为了表示但有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间目的、地点或时间等，可以有等，可以有状语状语来修饰。来修饰。1)Class begins.4)His father has gone abroad.3)I agree.状语修饰动词状语修饰动词2)The bomb blew up.It came out as a book in 2019.(SV

6、A)4)Ill write about my volleyball team in my future books.He spent four weeks at a summer camp.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(SVO)此句型中谓语是此句型中谓语是及物动词及物动词，其后必须跟，其后必须跟宾语宾语才才能使句意表达完整。能使句意表达完整。注意：注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。个及物动词，之后可加宾语。1)You must listen to me.3)He arrived in London yesterd

7、ay.2)She is laughing at the crippled man.SVOA由由充当充当例句例句He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning.Have you told them anything about the accident?If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.We may find out the unknown by calculation.可在句中充当可在句中充当宾语宾语的成分的成分名词名词代词代词数词数词名词化的名词化的形容词形容词由由充当充当例句例句I dislike tra

8、velling to work in a very crowded bus every day.He refused to attend the medical conference.I wonder whether I should stay or not.可在句中充当宾语的成分可在句中充当宾语的成分V-ing(短语短语)不定式不定式(短语短语)从句从句疑问词疑问词+不不定式定式She knows what to do next.David Smith is a student.主语主语+谓语谓语(系动词系动词)+表语表语(SVP)此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完此类型的句子，谓语动词不

9、能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或表明主语性质或状态状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。的表语，才能表达完整的意思。1)He became a scientist.2)My sister is out now.3)Dinner smells good.常见的常见的系动词系动词：be动词类：动词类：am,is,are,was,were 表示变化类：表示变化类：become,get,turn,grow,go 感官动词类：感官动词类：look,sound,smell,taste,feel表示延续性的动词：表示延续性的动词：remain,stay,keep My boo

10、k is on the desk.Children grow wiser as they grow.His voice sounded strange on the phone.He kept all the money in the bank.Ill show you my stamps too.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)2)I bought John a birthday present.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语1)I showed him my pictures.间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语动词与动词与“双宾语双宾

11、语”give sb.sth./give sth.to sb.make sb.sth./make sth.for sb.常见的这类结构的动词还有：常见的这类结构的动词还有：send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等等常见的这类结构的动词还有：常见的这类结构的动词还有：prepare,buy,order,do,fetch,pick,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等等Hobbies can make you

12、grow as a person.主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(SVOC)在某些在某些及物动词及物动词的后面，需要用一个的后面，需要用一个宾语宾语再加一个再加一个宾补宾补才能表达完整的意思。才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语结构宾语补足语结构例句例句I will make you captain.His speech left the President in a very different position.1)名词名词2)介词短语介词短语宾语补足语结构宾语补足语结构常见动词常见动词例句例句My mother asked me to wash the

13、clothes.1.We consider him (to be)a good teacher.2.I find the story very interesting.We watched the children play games.to do(to be)+n/adj.不带不带to的的不定式不定式3)4)5)advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warnconsider,think

14、,believe,discover,find,judge,prove,imagine,supposefeel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,listen to,look atTranslation.He saw a girl in red get on the bus.He saw a girl in red getting on the bus.他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩上车了上车了。他看见一个红衣女孩他看见一个红衣女孩正在上车正在上车。感官动词等后面既可以接感官动词等后面既可以接不带不带to的不的不定式定式作宾补，也可以用

15、作宾补，也可以用V-ing形式形式作宾作宾补。补。前者前者表示动作表示动作已经结束已经结束，后者后者表表示动作示动作正在发生正在发生。1.I found the book easily.2.I found the book easy.3.He got himself into trouble.4.He got her a splendid present.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。5.Thi

16、ngs change.6.Mr.Brown is an artist.7.The girl dances well.8.I will tell you a good news.主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？Subject:Verb:Object:Predicative:Object complement:Adverbial:Attributive:()Mark the different elements of each sent

17、ence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.()()()()()()P7 B1Example:You will enjoy personal growth at high school.()()Below are some tips about setting goals.Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures.Write the letters in the boxes.P7 B2c b d g e a f What is your g

18、oal for the new term?How are you going to achieve your goal?Write about it using different sentence structures.Use the example below to help you.P7 B3SVOA SVOA SVPSVSVO1.(2019年全国卷年全国卷 II)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its_(wonder).2.(2018全国卷全国卷 II)Th

19、is switch has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes.3.(2017 年全国卷年全国卷 I)When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.4.(2017年全国卷年全国卷 I)Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their

20、 diet.wonderful直击高考直击高考pollution主谓主谓宾宾状状are removed主主谓谓is主主系系表表主系主系表表简单句的五简单句的五种基本句型种基本句型1.主语主语+谓语谓语(+状状语语)2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(+状状语语)3.主语主语+谓语谓语(系动词系动词)+表语表语4.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语GrammarFocus注注:另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接Individual activity1.现在的中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。现在的中学里课外活动正变得

21、越来越普及。Nowadays after-class activities _ _.2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。We havent decided _.3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。Granny _ last night.4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。Every morning we hear him _.more and more popular in high schoolswhen to discuss the problem againtold me a

22、very interesting storyread English aloudSVPSVOSVOOSVOC.Try to finish the sentences and then analyse their structures.are becoming1.1.我将要告诉你有关我的家乡的一些事情。我将要告诉你有关我的家乡的一些事情。2.2.这座城市位于浙江省东北部。这座城市位于浙江省东北部。3.3.它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。4.4.近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。Ill tell you something about

23、my hometown.The city lies in the northeast of Zhejiang Province.It is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.Translate the sentences and then analyse the structures.SVOOSVASVPSVA5.5.但是像污染这样的新问题正变得越来越但是像污染这样的新问题正变得越来越 严重。严重。6.6.这个国家应该科学地发

24、展经济。这个国家应该科学地发展经济。7.7.这种发展应该使人们越来越幸福。这种发展应该使人们越来越幸福。The country should develop its economy scientifically.The development should make people happier and happier.But new problems,such as pollution,are becoming more and more serious.SVPSVOASVOCSelf-evaluationSelf-evaluation1.Can you list five basic sentence structures?2.Can you analyse the basic structure of a sentence?3.Can you write sentences using different sentence structures?各个击破Finish the Grammar Exercises in Learning English.