Unit4 单元词汇讲解（ppt课件）-2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky教材版本：新外研教材版本：新外研册别单元：选择性必修册别单元：选择性必修三三 Unit 41.artificial词块：artificial intelligence(AI),an artificial smile2.humanityhuman(n 人)+-ity(集合名词后缀)3.assistantassist(v 帮助、协助)+-ant(名词后缀：表示人)词块：a teaching/shop assistant词族：assist,assistance,assistant

2、4.victim词块：fall victim to/become a victim to 5.potentiallypotential(adj 潜在的)+-ly(副词后缀)6.automationautomatic(adj 自动的)+-ion(名词后缀)7.capacitycap(to hold 容纳)+-acity(的能力)容纳的能力(基本义)词块：have the capacity to do/for(doing)sth 本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理8.analyseanalysis(n 分析)analyseana-(完全)+lyse (解开)(将事物)完全解开 分析 词块：analyse

3、 the data9.regulateregul(rule 规则)+-ate(动词后缀)使有规则 控制；管理同根词：regular派生词：regulation10.illegalil-(not)+legal(adj 合法的)词块：its illegal(for sb)to do sth词族：legal,legally,illegal,illegally11.immoralim-(not)+moral(adj 道德的)词块：its immoral to do sth词族：moral,immoral,morally,immorally12.clientclient 来自拉丁语 clientem。在

4、古罗马时期，clientem 指的是置身于某一贵族保护下的平民。作为代价，这些平民必须服从贵族，听候贵族的差遣，因此被称为 clientem，意思是“服从者、追随者”。刚进入英语时，client专指律师的客户，因为在法律事务上，客户必须听从律师的建议，就像是古代平民听从贵族的命令一样。随后，client 还可指医生、咨询顾问等专业人士的客户，他们通常会尊重并听从这些专业人士的建议。13.citecite指提及原因或举出示例，quote只用于举例；cite较quote正式，常用于较正式的场合中，如说明法律案件。14.assessassess 精准的汉语释义：“评”价，强调定性 估“算”，强调定量

5、；派生词：assessment15.horizon 词块：on the horizon,broaden ones horizon16.reckon 非正式用语(对应 think)17.cellcell 原义为“连在一起的小房间”，比如修道院中修道士或修女住的房间、监狱里的房间、蜂巢中的蜂室。1665年，英国物理学家罗伯特虎克在用自制显微镜观察软木切片时，发现里面有很多像蜂窝一样的小室，他将其称为cell（细胞）。实际上，他所看到的是死去的植物细胞的细胞壁，而第一个发现活细胞的科学家是安东范列文虎克。手机以前叫做cellular phone，缩写为cell phone，这是因为移动通信网络是蜂窝

6、式结构的。不过现在通常叫做 mobile phone（移动电话）。18.bound词块：be bound to(do sth),be bound for19.cycle名词动词化“(使)循环”“骑自行车/摩托车”词族：cycle,cycling,recycle,cyclist,recycling,recyclable20.demandde-(completely 完全)+mand(to order 命令、要求)词块：meet/satisfy the demand of,supply and demand,in demand,demand to do sth,demand that sb(sho

7、uld)do sth派生词：demanding21.wavelength合成词：wave(n 波)+length(n 长度)22.mechanicalmechanic+-al；同源词：machine 23.tightlytight(adj 紧的)+-ly24.desperatede-(without 没有)+sper(hope 希望)+-ate(形容词后缀)没有希望的；一词多义，基本义：绝望的词块：a desperate attempt,be desperate for sth/to do sth派生词：desperately,desperation；同根词：despair25.clue词块：

8、a clue to/about/as to sth26.faultyfault(n 故障)+-y(有特征的)27.consistentcon-(together 一起)+sist(to stand 站立)+-ent(形容词后缀)一起站立的 一致的；始终如一的同根词：assist,resist词块：be consistent with sth assessbounddemand一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义一词多义一词多义desperate搭配义搭配义精准的汉语精准的汉语释义释义搭配义搭配义consistent常见的否定前缀重难点词精讲tight&tightly一词多义一词多义capacity

9、一词多义一词多义capacity n C&U常用单数容量常用单数容量 the greatest amount that a container or space can hold：a water bottle with a capacity of 1 literThe Beijing National Stadium,also known as the“Birds Nest”,has a capacity of 80,000.C&U常用单数领悟常用单数领悟 /理解理解 /办事能力办事能力 the ability to understand or do sth：Children have a r

10、emarkable capacity to learn/for learning languages.She has an enormous capacity for hard work.U单数产能单数产能 the amount that a factory or machine,etc.can produce：At full capacity,Chinas factories are only able to produce around 20 million masks a day.构词构词：cap(to hold 容纳)+-acity(的能力)容纳的能力capacity 语义网络图语义网

11、络图容纳容纳的的能力能力capacity基本义“容纳容纳”知识知识/事件的事件的“能力能力”工厂或机器所能工厂或机器所能“容纳容纳”的生产的生产“能力能力”领悟领悟 /理解理解 /办事能力办事能力 产能产能容量容量“容纳容纳”人人/事事物的物的“能力能力”评价；评定assess估算；估价assess vt 评价；评定评价；评定 to make a judgement about a person or situation(judge)：Its difficult to assess the impact of the Presidents speech.Many of the adults w

12、ere assessed as having learning difficulties.估算；估价 to calculate the value or cost of sth(estimate)：Damage to the building was assessed at 40,000.assessment n C&U 评定；评价；估价；估算精准的汉语释义：精准的汉语释义：“评评”价，强调定性价，强调定性精准的汉语释义：估精准的汉语释义：估“算算”，强调定量，强调定量assess 小结小结assess 评价；评定评价；评定强调“定性定性”，与judge同义，后面不接具体的数字。估算；估价估算

13、；估价强调“定量定量”，与estimate同义，后面往往接具体的数字或how much等。根据所给汉语，完成句子。Something good _（一定会）to happen in the end when you do not give up!is certain/sure/boundboundbound adj无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前 必定的；一定的必定的；一定的 certain to do sth：(be)bound to do sth:Youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.

14、准备准备 /正在到正在到去的；（车、船等）开往去的；（车、船等）开往的：的：a Paris-bound plane(be)bound for:The train is bound for Shanghai.vi 跳跃；跳跃着前进：跳跃；跳跃着前进：Polly came bounding into the room holding a letter.bound n复数限制范围；界限：复数限制范围；界限：go beyond/within the bounds C 一跳一跳by/in leaps and bounds 迅速地；突飞猛进地：迅速地；突飞猛进地：Julies reading is imp

15、roving in leaps and bounds.demand vt （坚决）要求（坚决）要求 to ask for sth firmly：Taylor was able to demand very high pay for her movies.demand to do sth:She demanded to see the manager.demand+that.(should)do sth:Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.需要 to need sth in order to be done successfully

16、：This work demands care and patience.注意英语释义注意英语释义虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用should do,should可省略可省略demand注：不能说demand sb to do sth n C 要求 a strong request or order that must be obeyed：a demand for higher wages meet/satisfy the demands of the customers(=to give them what they are asking for)C&U 需要；需求 the

17、desire or need for sth/sb among a group of people：supply and demand Due to popular demand,a writing project will be started for eager beginners.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.2018 浙江in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的：While modeling business is by no means easy to get into,the goo

18、d model will always be in demand.on demand 正式用语 一经要求【词汇拓展词汇拓展】demanding adj（工作等）要求高的；费力的（工作等）要求高的；费力的 needing a lot of effort,skill,care,etc.：He decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding job recently.Though the book is short,it is demanding.（人）要求严格的；苛求的（人）要求严格的；苛求的 always wanting attention or ex

19、pecting very high standards of people：a demanding bossdemand vs requiredemand to ask for sth very firmly 指强烈要求、坚决要求指强烈要求、坚决要求She demanded an immediate explanation.require(often passive)(rather formal)to make sb do or have sth,especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or s

20、tandards 指要求做（某事指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平、达到（某水平），尤指根据法，尤指根据法规或规定规或规定All candidates will be required to take a short test.可以借助英语可以借助英语释义辨析。释义辨析。A man visiting a graveyard saw a tombstone that reads,“Here lies John Kelly,a lawyer and an honest man.”“How about that!”he exclaimed.“Money is so tight that theyve g

21、ot three people buried in one grave!”tight&tightlytight 的基本义为“紧的”。tight adj 紧的；绷紧的紧的；绷紧的 反反 loose：The drawer is so tight that I cant open it.She is wearing a tight pair of jeans.（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的：（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的：I cant see you next week because the schedule is very tight.There was a tight group

22、of people around the speaker.Money was always tight,but we had a roof over our heads,food on the table,clothes on our backs.tightly 构词：构词：tight+-ly时间、空间、经济时间、空间、经济等等“紧的紧的”具体事物之间具体事物之间“紧的紧的”tightly来自tight，学tightly之前需要先学习tight（关系）（关系）紧密的：紧密的：a tight community 严格的：严格的：The airport security is very tight

23、.adv 紧紧地；充分地：紧紧地；充分地：Shut the door tight.Sleep tight!词汇拓展词汇拓展 tighten vi&vt（使）变紧；（使）加紧（使）变紧；（使）加紧关系关系“紧的紧的”要求等要求等“紧的紧的”tight 语义网络图语义网络图紧的；绷紧的紧的；绷紧的（时间、空间）紧凑（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的的；（经济）紧张的具体事物之间具体事物之间“紧的紧的”（关系）（关系）紧密的紧密的要求等要求等“紧的紧的”严格的严格的时间、空间、经济等时间、空间、经济等“紧的紧的”关系关系“紧的紧的”紧的 tight基本义desperate adj 绝望的；危急的绝

24、望的；危急的：I was so desperate on hearing that.2008 湖北 不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：a desperate attempt Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girls life.极度渴望的；极需要的：极度渴望的；极需要的：The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.词汇拓展词汇拓展 desperately adv 绝望地；非常绝望地；非常构词构词：de-(with

25、out 没有)+sper(hope 希望)+-ate(形容词后缀)没有希望的，其基本义即为“绝望的”desperate词源解读词源解读因因“绝望绝望”所以不顾一切所以不顾一切想摆脱想摆脱“绝望的绝望的”困境而极需某物困境而极需某物consistent同根词：同根词：assist:as-(to 到)+sist(to stand 站)站到某人身边 帮助；协助 resist:re-(against 对抗)+sist(to stand 站)站起来对抗 抗拒；抵抗consistent adj（人、言行、文章等）前后一致的；始终如一的；连续的（人、言行、文章等）前后一致的；始终如一的；连续的:Make s

26、ure that the tenses are consistent.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.2020 山东be consistent with sth 与某物相一致；与某物相吻合与某物相一致；与某物相吻合：What we say should be consistent with what we do.词汇拓展词汇拓展consistently adv 始终如一地；一贯地始终如一地；一贯地否定前缀否定前缀原词原词否定否定legal合法的 moral道德的

27、aware意识到的 agree同意 understand理解 在英语中可以在单词的词首加一个表示否定的前缀，变成该词的反义词。常见的否定前缀有：un-、in-、dis-、mal-、mis-、non-等等。掌握不同的否定前缀，可以推断出大量的派生词词义。在表格中的单词前加上表示否定意义的前缀，并说出其汉语释义。在表格中的单词前加上表示否定意义的前缀，并说出其汉语释义。illegalimmoralunawaredisagreemisunderstand常见的否定前缀常见的否定前缀例词例词词缀含义词缀含义dis-（常加在名词、形容词、动词前）discomfort,dishonest,dislike“

28、非”、“无”、“不”、“未”等in-（常加在形容词、名词、副词前）im-（常加在以字母m-、p-开头的形容词前）in-:inexpensive,incorrectim-:impossible,impoliteil-:illegal,illogical,ir:irregular il-（常加在以字母l-开头的形容词前）ir-（常加在以字母r-开头的形容词前）un-（常加在形容词、副词、名词前）unusual,unhappinessnon-（常加在名词、形容词、副词前）nonsense,nonstopmis-（常加在动词、名词前）misjudge,misfortune知识梳理知识梳理本单元金句汇总

29、本单元金句汇总1.Children have a remarkable capacity to learn/for learning languages.2.Its difficult to assess the impact of the Presidents speech.3.Youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.4.Julies reading is improving in leaps and bounds.5.Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts

30、.6.Money was always tight,but we had a roof over our heads,food on the table,clothes on our backs.2008 浙江 7.The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.8.What we say should be consistent with what we do.随堂检测随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The fuel tank（油箱）has a capacity of 40 litr

31、es._2.The company has the capacity to build 15,000 trucks a year._3.The theatre has a seating capacity of 2,000._二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。作为一个高中生，你必须有沟通和解决问题的能力。(have the capacity to do sth)_capacity容量容量产能产能能容纳能容纳As a senior high school student,you must have the capacity to communicate and

32、solve problems.assess一、根据句意，选出下列句子中一、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的汉语释义。的汉语释义。评价；评定 估算；估价1.Use the information below to assess how much money Dave and Jane will be able to give to charity._2.I was determined to be assessed as a musician,not as a deaf musician,and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music

33、in London._二、根据句意，选出下列句子中根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的近义词。的近义词。1.Our house is assessed at$200,000 but its only 2,100 square feet(judged/estimated)_2.This exam is a tool to help me and you assess how well you are learning the course material.(judge/estimate)_ estimated judge写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.

34、When you are dealing with so many patients,mistakes are bound to happen._2.We tried to get seats on a Rome-bound flight._3.He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door._4.Her health has improved in leaps and bounds._5.The plane is bound for Tokyo._肯定会发生肯定会发生 /在所难免在所难免 开往罗马的开往罗马的 跳上跳上bound

35、迅速迅速开往开往demand一一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella _（需要时）.2._（应观众的强烈要求）,the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.3.The Harry Potter books are quite popular;they are _（大受欢迎）in this city.4.It is self-evident that we will never

36、 have enough resources to _（满足需求）.on demand In response to the audiences great demandin great demandmeet the demand二二、翻译下列句子。、翻译下列句子。1.如有任何需要，我很乐意帮忙。_2.在中国对理科毕业生的需求大于文科毕业生。_3.这位老师要求学生们准时到校。_4.法律规定必须系安全带。_ Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.You are required by law to wear

37、 a seat belt.The teacher demanded that the students(should)be on time to every class.If there is any demand,I would be very happy to help.一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.My shoes were so tight that I could hardly walk._2.Time is tight,and she has another meeting to go to this afternoon._3.To

38、gether,the young film-makers formed a tight group._4.Anna was determined to keep a tight hold on her feelings._5.The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road._二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Almost from the moment it is born,the baby monkey can move around and hold _(tight)to its mothe

39、r.（2013 浙江）2.I used my thumbnail to _(tight)the screw（螺丝）on my lamp.tight紧的紧的时间紧张时间紧张关系关系紧密紧密的的牢牢控制牢牢控制急转弯急转弯tightlytighten一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Time was running out and we were getting desperate._2.The doctors made one last desperate effort to save the boys life._3.The children ar

40、e in desperate need of love and attention._二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。内单词的正确形式。1.He was so desperate _ a job that he would have done anything.2.He was desperate _(tell)someone his good news.3.They fought _(desperate)for their lives.绝望的绝望的 拼命努力拼命努力非常需要非常需要desperateforto telldesperatelyconsi

41、stent一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Your conduct is not consistent with what you say._2.She is a consistent girl in her feeling._3.There has been consistent growth in 5G mobile subscribers._二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.There has been a _(consist)improvement in her attitude.2.The results are entirely consistent _ our earlier research.3.We have argued _(consistent)for a change in the law.consistentwithconsistently言行不一言行不一始终如一的始终如一的连续的连续的谢谢谢谢观观赏赏