Unit 3 On the move Using language 非谓语动词(ppt课件)-2022新外研版(2019)《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx
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1、非谓语动词&独立主格我喜欢看电影。我很高兴看电影。I loves watch film.I am happy watch film.谓语动词VS.非谓语动词谓语动词1.表示动作的时间2.表示动作的状态(体)3.表示动作的假设、情感等时体气 时间 状态 语气 Tense Aspect Mood“动词变位”实现途径Harry takes the course.Harry took the course.Harry is taking the course.Harry has taken a course.这些动词受到了_的限制,出现了时间、状态、语气的变化。主语被限定的动词限定性动词(Finite
2、 verbs)=谓语动词与之相对“非限定动词”(Non-finite Verbs)不受主语限制,不受限定失去了表达时间、人称的本领“非谓语动词”(Non-finite Verbs)非谓语动词动词不定式动名词 a sleeping pilla pill for sleeping 现在分词 a sleeping rabbit过去分词I like to talk with Harry.I liked talking with Harry.I am a practicing wizard.Harry likes broken wands.受限定的动词?受主语限制,展现出时间、状态、语气的变化I lik
3、e to talk with Harry.I liked talking with Harry.I am a practicing wizard.Harry likes broken wands.不受主语限制,不具备表达时间和人称的本领非限定性动词非限定性动词/非谓语动词非谓语动词不受主语限制,不具备表达时间和人称的本领1.你可以通过to be,to have判断出这句话说出的时间吗?2.你可以通过to be,to have判断出它们与谓语动词的时间关系吗?Harry seems to be a good boy.Harry seems to have lost a lot of weight
4、.不受主语限制,不具备表达时间和人称的本领任何动作都有时间,只是非谓语动词相对“现在”说话时间,不确定。非谓语的时态时态,是根据和谓语动词发生时间的比较和谓语动词发生时间的比较,而非说话时的时间。非谓语动词有时态变化!Harry seems to be a good boy.Harry seems to have lost a lot of weight.非谓语动词动词不定式动名词 a sleeping pilla pill for sleeping 现在分词 a sleeping rabbit过去分词都有时态变化!是与谓语动词比较的先后顺序!都有时态变化!是与谓语动词比较的先后顺序!总结谓语
5、动词非谓语动词句子的核心只可能出现在剩下的非核心部分中简单句什么怎么样主语谓语谓语动词:一个简单句只能有一个剩下的“像是动词”的动词,都不能重复表达这个概念,即非谓语动词后宫后宫佳丽(非谓语动词)佳丽(非谓语动词)三千三千皇后(谓语动词)皇后(谓语动词)只有一个只有一个为什么两个简单句不能仅仅用一个逗号连接?I am a wizard,I study magic.谓语动词:一个简单句只能有一个I am a wizard,so I study magic.(连词)两个并列的句子对应两个谓语动词。Because I am a wizard,I study magic.(从句+主句)非谓语动词和谓语
6、动词在英语句子中的角色有什么不同呢?5种谓语动词种谓语动词 演化成演化成 5种句子类型种句子类型1.可以独立完成的动作 主语+动词2.有一个动作的承受者 主语+动词+宾语3.有两个动作的承受者 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语4.只有一个动作的承受者(与2不同)主语+动词+(宾语)补语5.把这个词后面的信息赋予给前者 主语+动词+(主语)补语(表语)谓语动词充当句子的核心,有时态、语气等本领。英语句子中的其他成分呢?英语句子中的其他成分呢?主语宾语宾语补足语主语补足语(即表语)定语状语非谓语动词一个动词,作为谓语动词,只能在句中充当核心的谓语动词,而不能充当其他句子成分。如果想要充当其他句子成分
7、,必须把这个动词转为非谓语动词。主语宾语宾语补足语主语补足语(即表语)定语状语非谓语动词非谓语动词可以作除谓语之外的任何一成分。非谓语动词可以作除谓语之外的任何一成分。不定式 to do 非谓语动词分词动名词名词 doing现在分词 doing过去分词 done做除了谓语动词的任何一成分定语、状语、补语分词只能做修饰成分分词只能做修饰成分主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语、定语1.非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式Infinitive拉丁文:Infinitus无限不受时间、人称等概念限制“非限定性动词”Non-finite Verbs动词不定式 infinitive非限定动词Non-finite动词
8、不定式动词不定式to+动词原形动词原形To be or not to be,that is a question.有时to也会省略Hermione helps Harry study better.动词不定式动词不定式to+动词原形动词原形To be or not to be,that is a question.有时to也会省略Hermione helps Harry(to)study better.完全不定式 Full Infinitive裸不定式 Bare Infinitive1.1 不定式做主语不定式作主语To play the Quidditch every day is good
9、for Harry.每天都打魁地奇这一行为to play这个不定式可以看出:是谁每天都打魁地奇吗?在过去打还是将来打吗?不定式:不受具体的人和时间限制“it”形式主语To play the Quidditch every day is good for Harry.It is good for Harry to play Quidditch every day.It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.主语从句不定式做主语 It takes us an hour get there by bus.Its our duty help the poor.It is a great
10、enjoyment spend our holiday in the mountains.It+takes(sb.)+时间(金钱)+to do sthIt is+名词+to do sthtototo不定式做主语 It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is+形容词+for sb+to do sthIt is+形容词+of sb+to do sth It is very kind of you to give me some help.1.2 不定式做宾语“it”形式宾语Harry likes to play Quidditch.H
11、arry considers it happy to play Quidditch every day.1.形式宾语findthinkfeelmakeconsideritadj.to do sth.n.语法秘籍四个希望两答应:hope,wish,expect,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择:petend,choose打算提出俩计划:intend,offer,plan,mean申请失败负担起:apply,fail,afford准备愿望又碰巧:prepare,desire,h
12、appen2.及物动词之后My dog that has spots is missing.3.疑问词+不定式The problem is where to find it.I hope youll advise me what to do.1.3 不定式做宾语补语Professor Dumbledore expects Harry to defeat Voldemort.1.不定式可以和复杂及物动词一起使用。like(喜欢),allow(允许),ask(要求),wish(希望),order(命令),invite(邀请),tell(告诉),require(要求),want(想要),force(
13、逼迫),advise(建议),warn(警告),beg(祈求),teach(教),permit(允许),persuade(说服),encourage(鼓励),forbid(禁止),get(使),wait for(等待)等see findwatch hearfeelnoticehavemake.sb.省略todo2.有些谓语动词后接不定式做宾补需要省略to。3.谓语动词后接不定式做宾补时,省略不省略to,区别不大。Professor Dumbledore helps Harry to study magic.Professor Dumbledore helps Harry study magic
14、.这类动词转为被动语态时其后的不定式要加上 to 牛刀小试1.Ill get someone _(repair)the recorder.2.What caused him _(change)his mind?3.He asked me _(do)the work with him.to repairto changeto do4.there be+不定式 常见动词:believe,expect,like,prefer,wantHarry doesnt want there to be any more trouble.1.3 不定式做定语不定式做定语Harry has a lot of ho
15、mework to do.动宾关系The next train to leave is from Platform 9-3/4.当名词有序数词、最高级或the last/only/next等修饰时(不定式和被修饰词构成主谓关系)不定式做定语Harry needs some paper to write a letter on.当不定式动词为vi.,需要加上必要的介词(不定式和被修饰词构成动宾关系)The ability to understand others is important.作定语的不定式可以说明所修饰的名词或代词的内容(不定式和被修饰的词构成同位关系)不定式做定语1.4 不定式做
16、状语表原因I was surprised to get a prize.我很震惊(因为)得到一个奖。相当于“原因状语从句”I was surprised because I got a prize.我很震惊,因为我得到了一个奖。不定式表示原因时,一般放在情感形容词的后面。表目的I will do anything to get a prize.我为了得到一个奖会做任何事。相当于“目的状语从句”I will do anything in order that I get a prize.为了奖,我能做出任何事。不定式表示目的时,常可同in order to,so as to换用。表结果I get
17、 a prize to travel around the world.我得到了一个奖,可以环游世界啦。相当于“结果状语从句”I get a prize,so that I travel around the world.我得到了一个奖,于是我环游了世界。表示预料之外的结果,不定式前常带有only,never等像不定式这样的非谓语动词还有简化从句的作用。1.5 不定式做表语Harrys duty is to defeat Voldemort.不定式作表语,可以位于seem,appear之后,句子主语可以是duty,job,aim,purpose,plan,wish,choice,purpose
18、,intention,decision等抽象名词。What is hard is to defeat Voldemort.主语为what,all(that)引导的主语从句,表语可以用不定式。Harry is to be a hero.如果主语是人,不定式作表语表示将来,有“即将”之意。To save is to produce.主语为不定式表示条件,表语也为不定式,表示结果或目的。1.6 不定式的时态和语态高级不定式不定式的时态和语态变化1.5.1 to doto doI hope to lose a lot of weight.我希望能掉很多肉肉。to lose 发生在hope之后to do
19、I often see Jane run in the gym.我希望能掉很多肉肉。see和run一起发生FormMeaningPassive formto do表示动作发生在谓语动词之后表示动作与谓语动词同时发生to be done1.5.2 to have doneto have doneI seem to have lost a lot of weight.我好像掉了很多肉肉。在“我”说话之前好像掉了很多肉肉与seem的时间点相比,已经lose了to have doneI planned to have worn my jeans today,but I wore my moms.我本来
20、打算穿自己的牛仔裤,结果穿成妈妈的了。之前计划做,但实际没有做FormMeaningPassive formto have done说话前已完成,常用在think,claim,believe 等词后面本打算做,但没有做成to have been done1.5.3 to be doing to be doing He seemed to be walking his dog.他看上去正在遛狗。walk这个动作与seemed同时发生to be doing I want to be watching him all the time.我想一直能看着他。“一直看着”强调动作的持续性to be doi
21、ngformmeaningpassive formto be doing1.表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生2.当要用不定式to do的结构时,为了强调持续性或者进行中无1.5.4 to have been doingto have been doing He seemed to have been walking his dog.他看上去好像一直在溜他的狗。walk这个动作与seem相比,过去一直在持续发生to have been doingformmeaningpassive formto have been doing表示在谓语动词动作之前一直在进行的动作。无A.B.C.D.牛刀小试
22、 Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu after the earthquakes.01 sending to send having sent to have sentA.B.C.D.牛刀小试(2017北京卷)_the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.01 Competing Having completed To have completed To completeA.B.C.D.牛刀小试The play _ ne
23、xt month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.03being producedhaving been producedto be producedproduced 不定式 to do 非谓语动词分词动名词名词 doing现在分词 doing过去分词 done做除了谓语动词的任何一成分定语、状语、补语分词只能做修饰成分分词只能做修饰成分主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语、定语2.非谓语动词动名词动名词动词+ing名词2.1 动名词做主语Professor Dumbledore is important to Harry Potter.Meeti
24、ng Professor Dumbledore is important to Harry Potter.不定式作主语 VS 动名词作主语 区别:不定式:表示某一具体的动作动名词:表示比较抽象概念的一般行为倾向 动名词作主语常放于句首不定式作主语常放于句末;用it作形式主语放在句首Smoking is prohibited here.(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(具体)2.2 动名词做主语补语(表语)Harrys hobby is playing Quidditch.Seeing is believing.眼见为实1.3 动
25、名词做定语an apple treea sleeping pill2.3 动名词做宾语Harry likes to play Quidditch.Harry likes playing Quidditch.动词后只可以加doing作宾语,不可以加to do的有avoidadviseconsiderescapemindpracticeinsist ongive upfeel likeput off介词+宾语 非谓语动词 动名词 Harry is fond of playing Quidditch.Harry looks forward to playing Quidditch.不定式作宾语 VS
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