Unit 4 单词课堂（ppt课件）-2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、单单词词课课堂堂版本：新外研版本：新外研 单元：选择性必修四 Unit 41.forehead构词：fore(in the front of)+head同前缀词：forecast2.blank基本义：空白的词块：go blank,a blank expression/look,blank faces3.chairwoman 合成词：chair+woman；拓展：chairmanchairman词源：中国古代没有座椅，人们都坐在席子上。辈分或地位最高的人坐的席子叫“主席”，所以中国人用“主席”来称呼领导人或主持人。而在国外，大家习惯坐在椅子或凳子上。但是椅子贵，凳子便宜，所以辈分或地位较高的人坐

2、椅子，而其他人则坐小板凳或长凳，或站着。所以与中国的“主席”对应的英文单词就是 chairman。本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理4.sunrise构词：sun+rise(升起)5.potential词块：achieve/fulfil(l)/reach ones(full)potential派生词：potentially(选必三 U4)6.bugbug的词源义是“令人害怕的东西”，后指昆虫(insects)。1841 年衍生出释义“热衷/着迷/有某个想法的人”。词义“故障”据说来自大发明家爱迪生(Edison)。他在检查机器故障时，发现故障原因是由于里面死了一个小虫子，这令人感到厌烦。词块：be

3、bitten by the bug7.enterprising 构词：enterprise(进取心)+-ing(形容词后缀)enterprise构词：enter-(among)+prise(to take,to seize)把事业掌握在手中 企业、进取心8.input构词：in(入)+put(放)放入内部的(事物)投入(物)输入名词动词化：输入；反义词：output9.phase词块：the initial/next phase of sth,a new phase10.manufacturer 构词：manufacture(制造)+-er(人)manufacture构词：manu(hand)

4、+fact(to make)+-ure(名词后缀)11.purchase构词：pur-(forth 向前)+chase(to run after)向前追赶 获得、得到 买到；正式用语(对应buy)词块：make a purchase,purchase and sale12.distribution构词法：distribute distribution构词：dis-(apart)+tribut(to assign 分配)+-ion(名词后缀)分配(基本义)13.bonus 词源：早期人们购买股票有各种收益，其中最基本的收益是“股息”，即股票持有人按照预定的比例，根据所购买的股份从所投资公司的盈利

5、中获得收益。另外，在派发股息之后，如果公司还有盈余，股票持有人还可以瓜分盈余，获得更多收益。当时的证券交易商们借用了拉丁语中的bonus一词用来称呼这种股息之外的更多收益，中文一般翻译为“红利”。现在，bonus一词早已经超越了股票领域，用来泛指固定收益外的各种更多收益。bonus的本义是“好处”(good)，词根bene(联系benefit)来自这个词。14.entrepreneurial 构词：entrepreneur(创业者)+-ial(形容词后缀)词源同 enterprise15.guidance构词：guide+-ance(名词后缀)词块：seek guidance from,fol

6、low sbs guidance,under the guidance of sb/under sbs guidance16.consultant构词：consult(v 咨询)+-ant(的人)consult构词：con-(together)+sult(to gather together)召集到一起协商 请教、咨询词族：consult,consultant,consultation17.discriminate构词：dis-(apart)+crimin(space)+-ate(动词后缀)在之间造成间隙 区别对待、歧视词块：discriminate from/against派生词：discr

7、imination18.estateestate 源自 status(地位)，词源义是“地位、社会等级”。后来，因为社会地位主要取决于财产，estate 又衍生出“财产”的含义，如 real estate(不动产)。19.superior构词：super(above)+-ior(形容词后缀)在之上的 更好的(基本义)同根词：super,superb,supervision词块：be superior to派生词：superiority 20.mild一词多义：基本义“温和的”21.calorie音译词，“卡路里”22.subjective 反义词：objective词块：subjective

8、judgement23.freshman词源义：新来的人，比喻新生 拓展：sophomore,junior,senior24.afloat构词：a-(to)+float(漂浮)词块：stay afloat25.interfere构词：inter-(between)+fere(to strike)在之间击打 干涉词块：interfere with26.financial构词：finance(n 财务/金融)+-ial(形容词后缀)词块：financial centre/support/aid/crisis派生词：financially27.automatically 构词：automatic(a

9、dj 自动的)+-al+-ly(副词后缀)automatic构词：auto-(self)+matic(thinking)自己思考的 自动的28.sorrow日常用语中常用 sadness抽象名词具体化：伤心事、不幸事名词动词化：感到悲伤词块：to ones deep/great sorrow29.frustration构词：frustrate(v 使懊丧)+-ion(名词后缀)词族：frustrate,frustrated,frustrating,frustration30.hire英式英语中短期租用hire，长期租用rent；美式英语中都用rent。词块：hire sb to do sth,

10、hire out,on/for hire31.supervision构词：super(above)+vis(to see)+-ion(名词后缀)在上面看 监督同根词：super,superb,superior32.expense构词：ex-(out 向外)+pens(to pay 支付)+-e(名词后缀)向外支付的费用 费用词块：spare no expense,at sbs expense,living/household/daily expenses,at the expense of派生词：expensive33.abuse构词：ab-(away 离开)+use 偏离正确地使用 滥用注意

11、 n 和 v 发音不同词块：abuse alcohol/tobacco/drugs34.theft来自 thief词块：identity theftpotential熟词生义熟词生义purchase正式用语正式用语重难点词精讲隐喻mild一词多义一词多义熟词生义熟词生义hireexpense一词多义一词多义搭配义搭配义distribute&distribution一词多义一词多义词根词缀你不能选择你的潜能，但你可以选择去发挥潜能。西奥多罗斯福potential西奥多罗斯福（Theodore Roosevelt，18581919），人称老罗斯福，荷兰裔美国军事家、政治家、外交家，第 26任美国总

12、统，是美国历史上最年轻的在任总统。罗斯福因成功地调停了日俄战争，获得1906年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是第一个获得此奖项的美国人。adj只用于名词前可能的只用于名词前可能的 (possible)；潜在的；潜在的 likely to become a particular type of person or thing in the future：a potential disasterpotential resources/customers/bossesn U 潜能；可能性：潜能；可能性：It was only after graduating from university overseas a

13、nd returning to visit her parents that Zhang Yue realised the potential here.achieve/fulfill/reach ones(full)potentialHe has the potential to become a world-class musician.potentially adv 潜在地；可能地潜在地；可能地(选必三选必三 U4)potential根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。Where did you _（买）the car?buy/purchase正式用语正式用语pu

14、rchasevt 正式用语买；购买正式用语买；购买 to buy sth（反：sell）：Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.（以努力等）换得：（以努力等）换得：They purchased freedom with their blood.n U&C正式用语购买；购买的物品：正式用语购买；购买的物品：purchase and sale Thats really a good purchase.purchase构词：构词：pur-(forth 向前)+chase(to run after)向前追赶 获得、得到 买到di

15、stribute&distribution发口罩发口罩distribute masks/the distribution of masks看图猜词看图猜词distribute v 分配；分布；散布：分配；分布；散布：This species of dolphin is widely distributed throughout the world.分发：分发：Clothes and blankets have been distributed among/to the earthquake victims.分销（商品）分销（商品）：Who distributes our products in

16、 the UK?构词：构词：dis-(apart)+tribut(to assign 分配)+-e(动词后缀)分配分配(基本义)【词汇拓展词汇拓展】distribution n U&C 分配；分布；散布：分配；分布；散布：the distribution of wealth population distribution U 分发；分送；配送：分发；分送；配送：the distribution of aid supplies U（商品的）分销；经销：（商品的）分销；经销：A major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchas

17、e my product and help with its distribution.外研新选必-4构词：构词：dis-(apart)+tribut(to assign 分配)+-ion(名词后缀)分配(基本义)distribute&distribution 语义网络图语义网络图在一定区域内在一定区域内“分配分配”事物等事物等分配；分布；分配；分布；散布散布分销（商品）分销（商品）分配；分布；分配；分布；散布散布distribution“分配分配”商品商品“分配分配”救济物救济物等等分发；分送分发；分送distribute（商品的）分（商品的）分销；经销销；经销分配分配 （基本义）（基本义）

18、distribute分发；分送；分发；分送；配送配送mild spicy微辣微辣a mild climate温和的气候温和的气候（程度）轻微的 严重的看图猜词看图猜词 温和的；温柔的：He has too mild a nature to get angry,even if he has good cause.（天气）温暖的；暖和的天气）温暖的；暖和的（反：（反：cold）：a mild winter 轻微的；不严重的（slight）：mild sunburnHe looked at her in mild surprise.He suffered from a mild heart atta

19、ck.味淡的；不浓的（反：反：hot）：mild flavour 外研新选必-4mild adj基本义温和的人性格、态度人性格、态度“温和的温和的”天气天气“温和的温和的”疾病状况等疾病状况等“温和的温和的”味道味道“温和的温和的”温和的温和的（基本义）（基本义）mild疾病状况等疾病状况等“温温和的和的”天气天气“温和的温和的”味道味道“温和的温和的”（天气）温暖的；（天气）温暖的；暖和的暖和的轻微的；不严重轻微的；不严重的的味淡的；不浓的味淡的；不浓的mild 语义网络图语义网络图人性格、态度人性格、态度“温和的温和的”温和的；温柔的温和的；温柔的hirerent/hire a share

20、d bike v vt (BrE)（短期）租用（短期）租用 (AmE rent)：hire a car/boat vt&vi（临时）雇用：（临时）雇用：the power to hire and fireShe hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004.2014 天津hire sb to do sth:Ill hire a lawyer to handle the case.hire outThe company hires out cars.n U 租用；雇用：let out sth on hirecar

21、s on/for hirehire基本义基本义要留意细小的开支。小洞沉大船。这句话是美国政治家、物理学家本杰明富兰克林的一句名言。相当于中国的谚语“千里之堤，溃于蚁穴”。他提醒我们不要忽视小的细节，也许就是这些被忽视的小细节会导致无法挽回的结果。spare no expense cut down on ones expenseliving/household/daily expenses cover ones daily expensesRunning a car is a big expense.I dont think we can afford the expenses.expense

22、n U&C 支出；费用；代价：at sbs expense 由某人付费由某人付费/负担费用负担费用:I published a book at my own expense.at the expense of 以以为代价为代价:He finished the job at the expense of his health.本单元的词根词缀本单元的词根词缀1.manufacturer:manu(hand 手)+fact(to make 做、制造)+-ure+-er（人）用手“_”的人 _2.exceed:ex-(out 向外)+ceed(to go 走)“_”的范围 _3.purchase:p

23、ur-(forth 向前)+chase(to run after 追赶)向前“_”得到 _4.superior:super(above 在上)+-ior（形容词后缀）在“_”的 _制作制作走出走出追逐追逐 /追赶追赶之上之上制造商制造商超过超过5.distribution:dis-(apart 分开地)+tribut(to assign 分配)+-ion（名词后缀）单独分开“_”_购买购买更好的更好的分发分发 /分配分配分配分配 英语中的 metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta-(over)和 pherein(to carry)合成，合起来意思是 to ca

24、rry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。隐喻隐喻 metaphor本单元隐喻典型词本单元隐喻典型词单词单词基本义基本义比喻义比喻义flat平的平的（轮胎）瘪了的blank空白的空白的没表情的没表情的superior更好的更好的有优越感的有优越感的input（时间、知识、思想、建议等）输入（计算机信息）输入bug小昆虫小昆虫故障故障potential可能性可能性潜能潜能bonus

25、奖金奖金意外收获意外收获本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.He has the potential to become a world-class musician.2.Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.3.They purchased freedom with their blood.4.He looked at her in mild surprise.5.He finished the job at the expense of his health.随堂检测随堂检测一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出

26、下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities.（2018 北京改）_2.The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales._ 3.They can help you start a business by supplying useful information of your potential buyers.（2020 天津改）_4.Thi

27、s crisis is potentially the most serious in the organisations history._二、根据汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子二、根据汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。Theory Y is the view that everyone _（有潜力）to find satisfaction in work.（2016 上海）可能可能可能性可能性潜在的潜在的potentialhas the potential可能地可能地一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.She paid for her purcha

28、ses and left._2.This product should be consumed on the day of purchase._3.Keep your receipt（收据）as proof of purchase._二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.The equipment can be purchased _ your local supplier.2.She purchased her first house _ the money.购买的物品购买的物品 购买当天购买当天 购物凭证购物凭证 pu

29、rchasefromwith一、用一、用 distribute 的正确形式填空的正确形式填空。1.She was taking the food to the refugee camp,in which she _ it to children.2.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The _ of these languages is hugely uneven.3.Some goods we _ by merit（功绩）,others by need,still others by chance.distributeddistri

30、butiondistribute&distributiondistribute二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The volunteer group is in charge of the distribution of aid supplies._ 2.I need a map showing the population distribution of Canada._ 3.The company has gradually expanded its distribution network to include Canada and Mexi

31、co._ 经销经销分发分发分布分布写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.He has suffered a mild heart attack nothing too serious._2.Most rain forests lie to the equator,where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine._ 3.She is a mild woman,who never shouted._4.Use a soap that is mild on the skin._

32、5.This cheese has a soft,mild flavour._轻微的轻微的温暖的温暖的温和的温和的 /温柔的温柔的mild温和的味淡的一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.If you hire me,youll get someone who is always willing to learn._2.I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to hire a car._ 3.The price includes the hire of the hal

33、l._二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1.They hired a firm of consultants _（设计新的系统）.2.Helmets will be available _（供出租）at all ski areas.雇用雇用租租租金租金hireto design the new systemfor hire 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1.Too often,when giving a speech,people focus on the“public”_（以为代价）the“speaking”.（2020 山东改）2.If the printer should break down within the first year,we would repair it _（由我们承担费用）.3.To earn some money to pay the _（日常开支）,I started work in a local caf as a waiter.4.The woman gave up her dream to be a gym teacher as she _ _（负担不起费用）.expenseat the expense of at our expense daily expensesafford the expensecouldnt谢谢谢谢观观赏赏