中医学文化依存性解蔽培训课件.ppt

1、中医学文化依存性解中医学文化依存性解蔽蔽 中医药学何以值得高度关注中医药学何以值得高度关注 Why TCM is remarkablel中医学是否科学，是中医学界内外久盛不衰论战不休意见常常尖锐对立的话题。lWhether TCM is scientific or not is a controversial topic which has been disputed in a long time in community.l就多元文化视角下的中国科技史研究这一主题来说，中医问题值得深入讨论。lThe issue of TCM is worthy to be discussed in the

2、view of multicultural background of history of science and technology in China.2中医学文化依存性解蔽中医药学何以值得高度关注中医药学何以值得高度关注 Why TCM is remarkablel中医学在临床医学领域有不可替代的重要价值。lTCM is incomparable in clinical medicine.l但其丰富的实践经验与其古朴的传统理论之间存在着复杂的内在关系。lThere are complex relations between the rich clinical experience an

3、d classical traditional theory.l中医学理论以其特有的方式把握着某种尚未被现代科学研究说明的规律性的东西,其潜在的科学价值不容忽视。lTCM have some regularity which hasnt been proved by modern technology yet in unique way,and the scientific value of TCM cannot be ignored.l对中医科学性的质疑往往与中医理论的民族化的表达形式有关。lThe dispute in the science of TCM always focus on

4、theory of TCM.3中医学文化依存性解蔽 一、自然哲学形态理论的不彻底性一、自然哲学形态理论的不彻底性The Un-thoroughness of theory about the Natural Philosophy Forml中医学的基本理论核心概念并非生命现象、疾病现象专属的确切概念lThe basic theory of TCM is not specific conception of Life and Diseases.l其理论框架、逻辑结构、推理方式受制于其理论核心阴阳五行的学说体系lThe theory frame,logic structure and reason

5、ing methods are confined by the core of TCM.4中医学文化依存性解蔽l实际经验虽被系统化说明，但其各个组成部分之间并不存在严格的逻辑关系，常常只是在有限的范围内言之成理lThough the practical validity has been proved systematically,there is no strictly logic relationship among constituents.Usually the practical experiences only are reasonable in limited field.5中医

6、学文化依存性解蔽l作为自然哲学的理论体系，中医理论解释生命世界的模型并非由核心概念、基本原理、基本规律逐级展开的严格的层级性逻辑系统。lAs natural philosophy,the interpretation of life world in TCM is not a strict logic system including levels of core concept,basic theory and basic regularity.l理论模型中不同构件间的关系有些是虚构而成lIn the theoretical model of TCM,some of the relation

7、ship among different elements is imaginary.6中医学文化依存性解蔽l阴阳五行、脏腑经络、气血津液及各种辨证方法等等不同层级的学说、概念的内涵及其现实相关度有很大差异lThe contents of Yin yang and five elements,fu organs and meridian,Qi and blood and some reasoning methods are far from the mechanism of body.l看似相同的概念在不同层级上的含义，如阴阳、阴虚阳虚、肾阴肾阳、肾阴虚肾阳虚分属不同层级lSome conce

8、pts seemed like each other are in different level of meanings,such as yin and yang.7中医学文化依存性解蔽l概念内涵只有在某种变动不居的关系中动态性把握lConcepts and connotations only can be dynamic acknowledged in some relationship.8中医学文化依存性解蔽l类比推理的或然逻辑未必表达得出真实世界的必然性联系lProbable logic of Analogy reasoning improbably shows inevitabili

9、ty of real world.l临床实践成功经验表述方式受到这种理论语言的局限常常难于确切把握lThe expression of the successful experiences in clinical practice is limited by the theoretical language,therefore,its hard to grasp precisely.9中医学文化依存性解蔽 不同层级理论概念现实相关度差异很大不同层级理论概念现实相关度差异很大Theres much difference between the practical correlative degr

10、ee of each different level.l概念的理论来源与经验的组织、呈现方式、理论概念与经验的交互作用、经验究竟如何检验着理论都需要给出更透彻的说明lIt need more clear explain about the theoretical source of the concept and the organization,modes of presentation of experience,interaction between theoretical concepts and experience and how experience examine the th

11、eory.10中医学文化依存性解蔽l哲学化的语言如不改变形态便难于转化成可以进入现代体系的公共语言，难于成为确切的研究对象lIf the philosophilized narration didnt transform into public language that can adapt itself to modern system,TCM will be difficult to be a specific study subject.l对以旧有方式表达的各种经验的本质的揭示，不能固守传统理论，而应专注于特定表达方式背后的真实经验lTo reveal the essence of th

12、e experiences interpreted with old expression,instead of adhere to tradition theory,we should focus on the real experiences behind the specific expression.11中医学文化依存性解蔽 文化依存性放大与疆界迷失文化依存性放大与疆界迷失 To extend the dependency of culture and to blur the boundary l何为中医学理论？正统教科书式的表述并未全面清晰界定lWhat is TCM Theory?

13、There is no comprehensive and clear definition in the orthodox textbooks.l各类中医古籍所涉内容几乎无所不包lThe contents of ancient books and documents of TCM almost includes all aspects.12中医学文化依存性解蔽l近年，中医学的传统文化依存性被有意无意地放大，使中医学几乎迷失了自身疆界,养生乱象与此有关。lThe cultural dependency of TCM study has been exaggerated consciously

14、or unconsciously,which makes TCM study almost lose its own boundary to a larger extent.l鱼龙混杂的复杂局面侵蚀着中医学的机体，中医药学依然需要长期的文化解蔽。lThe mixed-up complexity has been eroding TCM study,and the process of de-shielding TCM with highly culture dependency will be for long.13中医学文化依存性解蔽l如何从独特的文化传统成果中开掘出可资当今医学科学借鉴的再

15、生资源，研究仍处于起步阶段lWere still at the initial stage of studying how can we mining renew resources which modern medicine can be absorbing from through researching our unique traditional culture.14中医学文化依存性解蔽 二、中医学整体观念及其经验载体The whole concept of TCM and its carrier experiencel中医学整体观念确实体现着中医学的某种独特性。lThe whole

16、concept of TCM embody the uniqueness of TCM.l但整体观念的实现始终只能依赖于具体的医疗经验。lHowever,it can only depend on the detailed clinical experience to achieve the whole concept.l强调中医研究不能脱离临床盖缘于此。lThats why the study on TCM can not be separated from clinical practice.15中医学文化依存性解蔽 医疗实践的整体性The integrity of medical pra

17、cticel医学始于对疾病的认识而非始于健康观念。lMedicine originate from cognition of disease rather than concept of health.l疾病现象总会伴生某种整体状态，至少是患者的心身感受。lDisease always produce some kind of whole state,at least,the physical and mental feeling of patients.16中医学文化依存性解蔽l即便某种疾病的产生有着相对局限、单一或者确定的内在根源，其外在表现也会呈现出某种整体性。lEven if the

18、production of some disease has the relative limitation,sole or the determination intrinsic root,the external performance will also present some kind of integrity.l在没有通过实体结构变化理解疾病根由的条件下，细致观察外在状态就是医生的唯一手段。lIn the condition of understanding diseases origin without the solid structure change,the only me

19、thod that a doctor could take is to carefully observe the external condition.17中医学文化依存性解蔽 医疗实践的整体性医疗实践的整体性The integrity of medical practicel在相对特异性的疾病中，规律性地表现出来的状态就被规定为某种证候。lIn the relative specificity disease,the condition which regularly displays is defined as some kind of symptoms(Zheng Hou).l同一疾病

20、在不同时期或在不同情况下，其不同状态间存在某种演化关系，使人们在对其内在根源的推测中也建立了某种联系。lThere is a evolutionary relationships between different states of the same disease at different times or in different situations,which establish a link in peoples inference of its underlying causes.18中医学文化依存性解蔽l捕捉到某种其他认识方式尚未把握到的内在规律是中医学的独到之处。lTo ca

21、pture the internal law that other means of cognition failed to grasp is the uniqueness of TCM.l得到一定程度系统化说明的旧经验在新的现实面前可以引出某种新尝试并可能不断导致某种成功。lIn front of new reality,the old experiences which are descript in systematic way to some extent can lead to a new attempt and may cause a serious of success.19中医

22、学文化依存性解蔽l但中医作为经验科学,实践基础是经验而还不具有系统的实验研究的证据基础；lAs a science of experience,TCM practice is based on the experience rather than the evidence proved by the systematic experimental study.l它在现今的知识增长方式仍然主要靠在具体的医疗实践过程中摸索积累。lIts knowledge development mainly depend on the exploring and accumulation of specific

23、 medical practice.20中医学文化依存性解蔽l而难于借助现代技术引入实验研究领域深入探索，就不能较快转化为具有普遍意义的规律性知识。lIt cannot be quickly transformed into the universal knowledge in law with difficulty in introducing experimental study to explore the domain thoroughly with the aid of modern technology.l强调整体性经验的价值不应一味歌颂旧整体观lEmphasize the val

24、ue of integrity experiences,but should not blindly praise the old whole concept.21中医学文化依存性解蔽l这种情况在以连续性、不可分割性、自我化生性为特征的气论哲学思想体系中得到强化。lThis situation has been strengthened by the philosophy of Qi which is characterized by continuous,indivisible and self-metaplastic.l中医的整体观从非结构性实体认识来说是无奈的，而从气一元论哲学来说是自觉

25、的。lThe whole view of TCM from non-structural entity understanding is compelled to do,but from Qi monism philosophy it is conscious.23中医学文化依存性解蔽 三、新整体观可否重生于分析性研究三、新整体观可否重生于分析性研究Can new whole concept rebirth in the analytical study l在中医学界的自我辩护中，作为中国传统文化性格表征的整体论一直被反复强调。lIn self-defense of Chinese acade

26、mic circles,wholism has been underlined repeatedly as the representing the Chinese traditional culture.l在当今世界整体论思想受到空前关注的情况下，中医学界对自身优长评价很高且期望甚殷。lUnder the condition that wholism draws unprecedented attention in nowadays,the Chinese academic highly evaluate their own superiority.24中医学文化依存性解蔽l实际上，对一种哲

27、学传统的关注主要在于它倡导的思维方式、思想导向和概念模型lIn fact,the concern of a philosophical tradition is that it initiated the ways of thinking,thought guidance and conceptional mold.l研究实践需要清晰的路线和具体的工具与方法。lStudy practice need a clear line,specific methods and instruments.25中医学文化依存性解蔽l当今对现代医学某些局限的强烈关注使中医界出现了对所谓还原分析方法的严重怀疑 l

28、Nowadays,theres generate serious doubts by concern to certain limitations of modern medicine on the so-called reduction analysis method in TCM.l以致忽视了中医、西医研究对象原本一致、只是由于方法与手段的不同走上了不同的道路。lSo that ignoring the same subject of Chinese and Western medicine,different methods and means lead to different roa

29、ds.26中医学文化依存性解蔽l二者虽各有所长，但传统中医经验方法在确切把握认识对象的有效性方面，缺少必要技术工具因而成长缓慢。lBoth of them have advantages,in the aspect of effectiveness of the knowing object,traditional Chinese experience method grow slowly due to lacks of the essential technical tools.27中医学文化依存性解蔽l中医药现代研究为时尚短，成就有限，使有些人将现代分析研究方法斥之为还原论局限而多方怀疑。

30、lModern Study of TCM starts not for long with limited achievement,so modern analysis methods is used in TCM that caused much more doubts about Reductionism.l在复杂性研究正在兴起的背景下，更有人直接给中医冠以复杂性科学的美称，夸大着独立发展的意义。lUnder the background of complex research,some people took the complex science for granted,and exa

31、ggerated the significance of independent development of TCM.28中医学文化依存性解蔽l生命科学及医学面对至为复杂的生命现象和人类疾病，中医学的确以特有的方式触及到某种尚未被现代科学研究说明的规律性的东西。lThe life science and medicine facing the complex biological phenomena and human disease,TCM medicine indeed is related to regular things in the unique way which hadnt

32、been indicated by the modern science.l然而，要深化这些认识，做出更为深刻的说明，则非借助现代分析研究不可。lHowever,to deepen the understanding and to make a more profound note should depend on the modern analysis.29中医学文化依存性解蔽l中医的所有可贵发现都应成为研究对象lAll the valuable discovery of TCM should be studied.l而进一步研究就需要借助日益强大的现代研究手段，研究仍然主要靠分析。lFur

33、ther study ask for the support of scientific method,and study depends on analysis.l以科学工具解文化之蔽至为重要。lIts important to get rid of the false by scientific method.30中医学文化依存性解蔽l透过成功经验，直接面对现实中具体对象展开研究，才有望取得可持续深化的成果。lIts possible to have achievements through the study of the successful experience and the sp

34、ecific real objects.l因为随着现代科学技术的高速发展，人们认识生命现象和疾病的能力大大增强，几乎每一项相关技术的进步都在改变着现代医学的面貌。lWith the rapid development of modern science and technology,peoples ability to know the biological phenomena and disease enhanced greatly.Almost every related technology advances change the way of modern medicine more

35、or less.31中医学文化依存性解蔽l中医学要在现代人的知识体系中处于应有位置，成为现代知识谱系的分支，采用现代科学技术手段，运用现代社会、国际社会共有的表述方式。lTCM will hold proper position in modern knowledge systems,it will become a part of science,by means of using modern scientific techniques and common expression way of modern international society.32中医学文化依存性解蔽l作为应用科学

36、，医学必须借助现代技术手段才能对生命现象、对健康疾病认识不断深化lMedicine,as practical science,need rely on modern technology to deepen the knowledge of biological phenomenon,health and disease.l任何新认识离开当今科学技术手段都是不可想象的。lIt is unimaginable that the modern science and technology become disconnected from the latest cognition.33中医学文化依存

37、性解蔽l中国医学因为特定的历史条件和文化传统走出了一条独具特色的发展道路值得骄傲lIt is proud of the excellent development of Chinese medicine with distinguishing feature under special history background and cultural tradition.l但在今天如果不能对其宝贵经验的科学内涵加以说明则非常值得遗憾。lIts a pity over the matter that we could not interpret the scientific contents of

38、 precious practical experiences in modern ways.34中医学文化依存性解蔽l单纯强调中医药学实践上的成功或满足于传统的延续是缺少远见的固执。lIts not wise to emphasize the success of TCM in practice or be satisfied with relaying tradition.l全方位引进、吸收现代技术和思想观念，才能充分认识并逐步揭示中医药学显在或潜在的科学价值。lAbsorbing modern technology and concept entirely can make us completely understand and progressively reveal the scientific value of TCM.35中医学文化依存性解蔽