医学史简论ABriefHistoryofMedicine课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《医学史简论ABriefHistoryofMedicine课件.ppt》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 医学史 ABriefHistoryofMedicine 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、Why should we -Winston Churchill 1944 -Li Shimin(First Emperor of Tang Dynasty)ook back,the further you can look forward以史为镜,可以知兴替-唐太宗Taking history as a mirror,one can draw lessons from raises and falls of powers History of Medicine is an interdisciplinary study leading toward an understanding of t
2、he origination and development of medicine and influencing factors;and its impact on society and human being.About the courseElective:32 teaching hours,2 credit pointsSchedule:Lectures+discussion History of human diseases 6h Origin and history of medicine 18h Student presentation&discussion 6hTest:E
3、ssay writingReference BooksRoy Porter:The Cambridge History of Medicine Cambridge University Press 1996,2006 revisedKenneth F.Kiple:The Cambridge World History of Human Disease The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge 2003Arturo Castiglioni:A History of Medicine(English translation),New Yo
4、rk,J.Aronson 1975 11th EditionsFrederick Cartwright&Michael Biddiss:Disease&History Sutton Publishing 2000Internet www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd,www.historylearningsite.co.uk,en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicineTime ScheduleTime Schedule(cont.)Human Evolution智人智人 直立人直立人能人能人南方古猿南方古猿humanlike primates Aust
5、ralopithecine(hominid genus Australopithecus)Human EvolutionSince the first man emerges on the Earth,the man and its disease have been bonded inseparably.人类疾病史 History of Human Diseases The history of mankind is the history of its diseases Folke Henschen Since the first man emerges on the Earth,mank
6、ind and its disease have been bonded inseparably.What is disease疾病 Disease(dis-ease)an impairment of the normal state of an organism that interrupts or modifies its vital functions.To cure sometimes,to relieve often,to comfort always -Edward Livingston Trudeau Smallpox 天花 天花病毒 poxviridae othopoxviru
7、s Infectious disease caused by virus:Papule-vesicle-pustule-scar(pockmark)Retinoblastoma视网膜母细胞瘤Inherited disease caused by Rb(13q14)gene deletion(two alleles)9History of human disease studies:The natural history of disease(emerge,develop,outbreak,attenuate,eliminate)and the intervention of human act
8、ivitiesThe geographical and historical distribution of human diseasesThe impact of human society on the development of disease,and in turns the impact of disease on the development of human society and human being itselfPrehistorical Diseases Homo erectus“Turkana boy”of Kenya1.65 M yrs3.4 M yrsOsteo
9、sarcomaHomo habilis“Lucy”ofEthiopiaYaws,Treponema pallidumPrehistorical DiseasesRelated to gathering and hunting(hunter-gatherers):malnutritionparasitosisinjuryDisease in agricultural societyZoonosis(disease transmitted from animals to humans or from humans to non-human animals)Epidemic of infectiou
10、s disease Digestive air InsectsDomestication of animalsSettle down and domestication of animals 65 504635 2642 人畜共患病 ZoonosisOf the 1415 pathogens known to affect humans,61%are zoonoticPaleopathology Ancient Egypt Mummy PyramidPaleopathologyPharaoh Ramses V died in1157 B.C from smallpox A louse foun
11、d in a mummy of 3000 B.C 血吸虫病 Schistosomiasis Schistosoma heamatobium in Africa,Mideast S.Japonicum in China,Phillipines S.mansoni in Africa,Latin America古病理学 PaleopathologyExamining mummywith CT scanner Calcification in bladder caused by schistosomiasisPaleopathologySchistosoma eggs discovered in a
12、 body of preserved ancient ladys body(in Changsha Mawangdui of Hunan Province,165 BC)Autopsy also discovered coronary heart disease,biliary stones and eggs of other intestinal parasites.PaleopathologySchistosoma eggs were also found in another well-preserved body(167 BC)in Jiangling of Hubei.He also
13、 suffered from cholecystitis,cholelithiasis,pleuritis,and eggs of whipworm,tape worm,and Clonorchis sinensis etc.Congestion of population,war and travelling result in outbreak and epidemics of infectious diseases CrusadesSilk roadMid age Paris Black death(plague)in 14th century Outbreak of plague ep
14、idemic in Europe 1346-1353(黑死病,black death),more than 25 million people died and the population of Europe reduced by one thirdCaffa 流感暴发 The outbreak of influenza in 1918The outbreak of influenza in 1918 Starting from Camp Funston,Kansas USA in spring of 1918 then spread worldwide,during 1918-1919 1
15、 billion people(world population 1.7 b)infected and 25-40 million died,much more than killed in the 1st World War,incorrectly called“Spanish flu”(Triple Alliance,Triple Entente)Modern society:globalization leads to the speed of virus transmission spread as quick as that of the modern transportation
16、(SARS 2003,N1H1 Flu 2009)流行流行Epidemics outbreak of infectious disease大流行大流行PandemicsEpidemic spreading across a large regionDisease in modern society 现代社会疾病 Environmental changes Demographic changes Life style changesDisease profile of modern society Medical technologyPolitical,economic,cultural and
17、 technical development in society EpidemilogicaltransitionInfluencing factors to modern diseasesDemographicDemographic:degeneration disease,chronic non-communicable diseasesEcological and environmentalEcological and environmental:pollution and occupational diseasesDietary and life styleDietary and l
18、ife style:smoking,obesity,accident Stress and social pressureStress and social pressure:depression and suicideProgress of medical technology:Progress of medical technology:iatrogenic disease,brain death,vegetative stateLife Expectancy at BirthAgeing of populationChina:Life expectancyNational 71.44(2
19、000)Zhejiang 77.29(2010)Hangzhou 80.26(2010,M77.98,F82.76)社会老龄化的影响 Ageing of population World Life ExpectancyUS Life Expectancy1990-2050Life expectancy is the expected(in the statistical sense)number of years of life remaining at a given age.Ageing of populationLeading causes of death in US:comparis
20、on of 1990 and 1997Injury(9.1%)non-communicable disease(59.(59.0 0%)%)World causes of death in 2000Communicable diseases,Malnutrition(31.9%)Total death:55,694,000资料来源:2001年世界卫生报告Causes of death in different WHO regions:2000AfricaMid-EastEuroSE-Asia W-Pac America255075%Communicable,malnutrition,perin
21、atalNon-communicableInjury资料来源:2001年世界卫生报告Deaths,by broad group,2000World ChinaNoncommunicableconditions(33 million)Noncommunicableconditions(7 million)Injuries(1 million)Injuries(5 million)Communicable diseases(1 million)Communicable diseases(18 million)Ecological damageGlobal warming生态破坏-全球变暖Energ
22、y Consumption CO2 Emission Greenhouse effectGlobal WarmingEcological DamageDisease EpidemicsVector-borne infections Weather=Current state of the atmosphereClimate =average weather conditions*10 yearsThe greenhouse effectGreenhouse gases:CO2 carbon dioxideCH4 methaneO3 ozoneN2O nitrous oxideH2OIncomi
23、ng wavelength absorption 0.7 30 umImpact of climate changes on health40 year trend in dengue and temperature,SingaporeEcological damage-ozonosphere hole Ozonosphere absorb ultraviolet lights 40Obesity Trends*Among U.S.AdultsBRFSS,1985(*BMI 30,or 30 lbs.overweight for 5 4”person)No Data 10%10%14%Obes
展开阅读全文