全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施课件.ppt

1、赵建中赵建中 环保总局规划司环保总局规划司Zhao Zhao JianzhongJianzhong,Department of,Department of Planning and Finance,SEPA Planning and Finance,SEPA 20042004年年1010月月2525日日1背景背景(Background)1Background)1国家环境保护国家环境保护“十五十五”计划计划明确要求明确要求;Required by“The Tenth Five-Year National Environmental Protection Plan”;医疗废物管理条例医疗废物管理条

2、例明确要求；明确要求；Required by“Ordinances on Medical Waste Management”;2背景背景(Background)2Background)2危险废物处置和管理落后现状的要求：危险废物处置和管理落后现状的要求：20022002年全国工业危险年全国工业危险废物产生量为废物产生量为10001000万吨，其中万吨，其中392392万吨综合利用，万吨综合利用，242242万吨万吨处置（处置（18-2018-20万吨社会接纳和处理能力），其它贮存万吨社会接纳和处理能力），其它贮存-历年历年累积储存量已达累积储存量已达26002600多万吨多万吨,医疗行业等还产

3、生医疗行业等还产生11.5311.53吨放吨放射性废物射性废物。Required by the current situation:Large output of the hazardous waste(HW),low rate of safe disposal,poor management and supervision on HW,shortage of facilities to safely treat HW.3背景背景(Background)3Background)3 医疗废物处置和管理落后现状的要求：医疗废物处置和管理落后现状的要求：20022002年年全国医疗废物产生量为全国医

4、疗废物产生量为6565万吨，平均日产万吨，平均日产17801780吨，分散处理吨，分散处理,严重流失，或混入生活垃圾，或严重流失，或混入生活垃圾，或投入生活锅炉等简单焚烧，（二次）污染严重。投入生活锅炉等简单焚烧，（二次）污染严重。Required by the present situation:Large output of medical waste(MW),poor management,mixed with municipal garbage,simple incineration,shortage or without of safely centralized facilitie

5、s to treat MW.4规划的编制和出台规划的编制和出台(Program drafting,review and approving)因以上原因因以上原因,以及以及SARSSARS疫情疫情,抓紧编制出台了规划抓紧编制出台了规划:共用时共用时4 4个月个月,完成上报完成上报,2,2个月完成审批个月完成审批,是近年是近年来编制时间最短、审批时间最快的、国家资金来编制时间最短、审批时间最快的、国家资金支持力度最大的环保规划之一支持力度最大的环保规划之一(Because of the Because of the above reasons,as well as the SARS above r

6、easons,as well as the SARS outbreak,the Program was worked out and outbreak,the Program was worked out and approved in an unexpected speed,with a approved in an unexpected speed,with a strong support from government budget)strong support from government budget)。5规划框架规划框架(Program Content)l处置现状和存在问题处置

7、现状和存在问题(current situation and problems)l指导思想、目标、原则和技术要求指导思想、目标、原则和技术要求(guideline,purpose,principle and technical requirements)l主要任务主要任务(main tasks)l投资估算和资金筹措投资估算和资金筹措(estimated investment and its potential sources)l政策和措施政策和措施(supporting policies and measures)l注：以下简要解释主要任务、规划原则、资金筹措、以注：以下简要解释主要任务、规划原

8、则、资金筹措、以及政策和措施及政策和措施(In the following the speech will only focus on the program principle,concrete tasks,investment and related policies)6主要规划原则1(Principle 1)l集中处置，合理布局集中处置，合理布局(Centralized disposal and rational distribution or layout)l加强监测、信息、技术研发、监督管理等方面的加强监测、信息、技术研发、监督管理等方面的能力建设能力建设(Establish and

9、 strengthen capacity Establish and strengthen capacity building,like dioxin monitoring and so on)building,like dioxin monitoring and so on)不提倡各医院单独分散处理Dont encourage hospitals to treat their MW separately!7主要规划原则2：采用先进实用、成熟可靠技术，切实实现安全处置(Principle 2:Requiring sound,advanced and mature technology)l处置设

10、施建设要采用先进实用、成熟可靠技术，处置设施建设要采用先进实用、成熟可靠技术，技术起点要高技术起点要高,收集、处理、处置、综合利用全收集、处理、处置、综合利用全过程必须符合相关要求过程必须符合相关要求(Require advanced and Require advanced and mature technology and facility)mature technology and facility)。l严禁采用小型单燃烧室焚烧炉、没有自控系统和严禁采用小型单燃烧室焚烧炉、没有自控系统和尾气处理系统的焚烧装置尾气处理系统的焚烧装置(Prohibit certain Prohibit ce

11、rtain kinds of facilities)kinds of facilities)。l坚决淘汰各种简易焚烧炉和其他各类排放不达标坚决淘汰各种简易焚烧炉和其他各类排放不达标的处置设施的处置设施(Phase out unqualified Phase out unqualified facilities)facilities)。8主要规划原则3（Principle 3）l危险废物和医疗废物处置设施统筹规划和建设 (Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste disposal facility construction is encouraged to be pla

12、nned as a whole)9主要规划原则主要规划原则4(Principle 4)l功能齐全，综合配套 鼓励危险废物集中处置设施同时配备综合利用、焚烧和安全填埋等工艺装置（Integrated disposal is encouraged:the disposal center is encouraged to be equipped with comprehensive reuse,incineration and secure landfill as a whole)10集中处置技术路线集中处置技术路线(recommended technology for centralized fa

13、cility)l鼓励采用鼓励采用回转窑、热解炉回转窑、热解炉等焚烧技术等焚烧技术(Rotary Kiln Rotary Kiln and and pyrolysispyrolysis are highly recommended,are highly recommended,especially for over 10 tons/day facilities)especially for over 10 tons/day facilities)；l小于小于1010吨吨/日日的处置设施，也可采用其他处理技术的处置设施，也可采用其他处理技术,但但必须做到杀菌、灭活、毁形和无害化必须做到杀菌、灭活、

14、毁形和无害化,防止二次污染防止二次污染(less than 10 tons/day facilities can be less than 10 tons/day facilities can be allowed to use other technology,but there is allowed to use other technology,but there is a basic safe requirement,especially for MW)a basic safe requirement,especially for MW)；l积极发展积极发展等离子体等离子体等高新技术，

15、鼓励其他新技术的开等高新技术，鼓励其他新技术的开发和示范发和示范(Encourage new technology development Encourage new technology development and demonstration,like plasma technology)and demonstration,like plasma technology)。11l3131个省级危废综合处置中心个省级危废综合处置中心(31(31 comprehensive comprehensive treatment centers in each province for HW)trea

16、tment centers in each province for HW)l300300个设区城市医疗废物集中处置中心个设区城市医疗废物集中处置中心(300(300 MW MW treatment centers in big cities)treatment centers in big cities)l7 7个区域性二恶英监测中心个区域性二恶英监测中心(7(7 dioxin Monitoring dioxin Monitoring Centers)Centers)l3 3个工程技术研发中心个工程技术研发中心(3(3 R&D Centers)R&D Centers)l国家和省级危险废物登记

17、交换管理中心国家和省级危险废物登记交换管理中心(HW and MW HW and MW management and supervision centers)management and supervision centers)l3131个放射性废物储存库个放射性废物储存库(31(31 radioactive waste radioactive waste storage)storage)具体建设任务(Concrete tasks)12规划安排和目标（规划安排和目标（Schedule and target)v2003-20042003-2004，建设一批前期基础好、具有示范作用的危险废物和医疗

18、废建设一批前期基础好、具有示范作用的危险废物和医疗废物集中处置工程（物集中处置工程（Demonstration Project Construction for some Demonstration Project Construction for some well-prepared HW&MW centralized-treatment projects with well-prepared HW&MW centralized-treatment projects with reliable and advanced technology,in order to get experienc

19、e)reliable and advanced technology,in order to get experience)v20042004，建设环保监管能力建设项目建设环保监管能力建设项目(Capacity Building Project,like Capacity Building Project,like 7 Dioxin Monitoring Centers and Provincial Management Centers)7 Dioxin Monitoring Centers and Provincial Management Centers)v2005-20062005-20

20、06，建设设区城市的医疗废物集中处置工程和其它省级危险废建设设区城市的医疗废物集中处置工程和其它省级危险废物综合处置中心物综合处置中心(All the other facilities)All the other facilities)到到20062006，实现全国危险废物和医疗废物安全处置目标实现全国危险废物和医疗废物安全处置目标(Realizing the Realizing the target that all the HW and MH in China are safely treated in target that all the HW and MH in China are

21、safely treated in in the main by the end of 2006)in the main by the end of 2006)13l危险废物处置、医疗废物集中处置设施投资危险废物处置、医疗废物集中处置设施投资138.7亿元亿元(Construction cost for HW&MW disposal facility:US$1.674 billions)。l能力建设需能力建设需5亿元，其中包括二恶英监测中心、亿元，其中包括二恶英监测中心、技术和工程中心等技术和工程中心等(Capacity building:US$60 millions,including di

22、oxin checking centers)。l31个省放射性废物库填平补齐、扩容改造等，个省放射性废物库填平补齐、扩容改造等，需投资需投资5.5亿元亿元(31 radioactive waste storages:US$66 millions)。投资估算投资估算(Estimated Investment)Estimated Investment)：149.2亿元(US$1.8 billions)14l能力建设项目，主要由国家投资建设，地方要提供必要的配能力建设项目，主要由国家投资建设，地方要提供必要的配套条件套条件(Management capacity building project:m

23、ain Management capacity building project:main investment from central government and small part investment from central government and small part from local government)from local government)。l承担行政代执行任务的集中处置设施，按东、中、西部有所承担行政代执行任务的集中处置设施，按东、中、西部有所差别的原则，国家安排国债资金支持差别的原则，国家安排国债资金支持(Disposal facility Dispo

24、sal facility projects:central government will give 30%,60%and projects:central government will give 30%,60%and over 75%financial support according to project over 75%financial support according to project location,based on the total investment of each location,based on the total investment of each p

25、roject)project)。资金筹措(Investment arrangement)15l落实各级政府职责落实各级政府职责(local governments responsible for local governments responsible for the facility construction)the facility construction)l制定收费政策，保证设施正常运营制定收费政策，保证设施正常运营(service fee service fee collecting for facility operation)collecting for facility op

26、eration)l建立专业化处置队伍，实行企业化管理建立专业化处置队伍，实行企业化管理(require market require market mechanism and professional operation)mechanism and professional operation)l加强全过程监管加强全过程监管(whole process supervision and whole process supervision and management for HW&MW classifying,collecting,management for HW&MW classifying,collecting,transportation,treatment and recycling)transportation,treatment and recycling)政策措施(Policy guarantee)1617