大学英语四级听力考试及对策课件.ppt
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1、四级听力的策略与技巧四级听力的策略与技巧1.1.四级听力常考题型四级听力常考题型 (2006年年6月开始)月开始)1.短对话(短对话(Short Conversations)2.长对话(长对话(Long Conversations)3.篇章听力理解(篇章听力理解(Passage Listening)4.复合式听写(复合式听写(Compound Dictation)22.不同题型所占分值不同题型所占分值 总分总分249分分 1.短对话 8(8个问题,questions 11-18)57分 2.长对话 7(两段对话,7个问题,questions 19-25)50分 3.篇章听力理解 10(三篇pa
2、ssages,10个问题,questions 26-35)71分 4.复合式听写 10(一篇文章,11处填空,其中前8处是填写单词,后3空是填写句子)71分3一一 短对话短对话57分 听力理解听力理解Section A的前的前8题为短对话,每组对话后有题为短对话,每组对话后有一个问题,要求考生根据所听到的一个问题,要求考生根据所听到的8段简短对话,根据段简短对话,根据自己的理解在自己的理解在15秒内秒内从每题的四个选择项中选出最佳答从每题的四个选择项中选出最佳答案。每组对话均是由一位男士和一位女士各讲一两句,案。每组对话均是由一位男士和一位女士各讲一两句,然后由第三个人(或由第一讲话人)提出问
3、题。每句话然后由第三个人(或由第一讲话人)提出问题。每句话的长度为的长度为1215个单词左右个单词左右。对话部分为日常生活中一。对话部分为日常生活中一般对话,句子结构和内容不太复杂。通常是衣、食、住、般对话,句子结构和内容不太复杂。通常是衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题。提出的问题多数是以行、工作、学习等话题。提出的问题多数是以when,where,what,why,how,many(long,often),who等以等以wh-开头的特殊疑问词提出。虽然短对话的内容比开头的特殊疑问词提出。虽然短对话的内容比较简单,较简单,但问题通常比较含蓄、隐晦但问题通常比较含蓄、隐晦。在答题过程中不。在答题
4、过程中不仅要听清、理解对话内容,还要根据对话内容以及自己仅要听清、理解对话内容,还要根据对话内容以及自己的相关知识迅速进行分析、推理和运算,然后做出正确的相关知识迅速进行分析、推理和运算,然后做出正确的判断。短对话尽管数量有所减少,但仍是考试的重要的判断。短对话尽管数量有所减少,但仍是考试的重要形式。形式。4 如果我们仔细研究最近几年的听力对话真题,不难发现:听力短对话部分依然遵循以场景词为核心,把握关键结构词汇(如:转折、因果、时间、比较、重复等)和关键句型句式(如:反问句式、建议句型等),结合语音、语调、语速变化所引起的特征发音现象(如:连读、失爆等)的综合解题思路。5一、转折引起的说话人
5、态度及谈论重点的变化一、转折引起的说话人态度及谈论重点的变化如:W:Simon,oh,well,could you return the tools I lend you for building the bookshelf last month?M:Oh,I hate to tell you this,but I cant seem to find themQ:What do we learn from the conversation?AThe man hates to lend his tools to other people BThe man hasnt finished worki
6、ng on the bookshelf CThe tools have already been returned to the woman DThe tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing6二、建议句型的考查二、建议句型的考查 建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一,因为句型相对比较多,而且隐蔽性比较强。如:W:I am going to Marthas houseI have a paper to completeAnd I need to use her computer M:Why dont you buy one yourself
7、?Think how much time you could save Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?ASave time by using a computer BBuy her own computer CBorrow Marthas computer DStay home and complete her paper7三、对现象原因的阐述与补充三、对现象原因的阐述与补充 考题中现在越来越多地出现隐含原因的表达,即没有原因表达词的原因考点,如:W:Bob said that Seattle is a great place for con
8、ferences M:Hes certainly in a position to make that commentHes been there so often Q:What does the man say about Bob?AHe has been to Seattle many times BHe has chaired a lot of conferences CHe holds a high position in his company DHe lived in Seattle for many years 8四、场景、人物关系的推测四、场景、人物关系的推测场景和人物关系一直
9、以来都是四级考试一个重要的考点,尤其是地点场景题几乎在每次考试中都考一道。场景、人物关系推测题要求考生通过对场景词的把握来推测事情发生的地点以及当事人之间的关系,如:W:MrWatson,I wonder whether its possible for me to take a vacation early next month.M:Did you fill out a request form?Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?ATeacher and student BDoctor and patie
10、nt CManager and office worker DTravel agent and customer 9四、场景、人物关系的推测四、场景、人物关系的推测 再如:W:Wow!I do like this campus:all the big trees,the green lawns,and the old buildings with tall columns.Its really beautiful.M:It sure is.The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style.It was popular in th
11、e eighteenth century here.Q:What are the speakers talking about?AAn art museum BA beautiful park CA college campus DAn architectural exhibition10四、场景、人物关系的推测四、场景、人物关系的推测 因为以往已经考过一些日常生活最常见的场景,所以最近几次考试中也在寻找一些新的场景词来加大考试的难度以及考查考生的真实水平。比如:M:Would you pass me the sports section,please?W:Sure,if you give m
12、e the classified ads and local news section.Q:What are the speakers doing?ATalking about sports.BWriting up local news.CReading newspapers.DPutting up advertisements.11五、反问句式、反意疑问句式的考查五、反问句式、反意疑问句式的考查 反问和反意疑问在四级考试中永远以一种无疑而问的形式出现。因此只要能很好把握其“无疑而问的特点”就能方便解题。当然也应该注意到,反问句往往作为加强证据的建议句型出现的这一考点,如:M:This art
13、icle is nothing but advertising for housing developers.I dont think the houses for sale are half that good.W:Come on,DavidWhy so negative?Were thinking of buying a home,arent we?Just a trip to look at the place wont cost us much Q:What can be inferred from the conversation?12五、反问句式、反意疑问句式的考查五、反问句式、反
14、意疑问句式的考查 AThe houses for sale are of poor quality.BThe houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.CThe housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.DThe man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale.女士反问男士Why so negative?这句话中虽然没有出现not,但也是反问句的句式,虽然没有not存在,实际意思就是not,即“你不应该这样
15、消极”。而后面的反意疑问“arent we?”在考试中往往是作为附加累赘的形式出现,很少作为考点。13六、语音语调的考查六、语音语调的考查 语音语调作为一个辅助手段,在听力考试中往往起着不可估量的作用。这种题中,每次第一说话人的一阵牢骚后,第二说话人令人印象深刻的声音就在耳边萦绕不去。如2001年6月的第9题:W:I dont know what Im going to wear to the party?All of my clothes are so old and I cant afford something new M:Why dont you wear your black sil
16、k dress?Q:What is the woman going to do?14六、语音语调的考查六、语音语调的考查类似的题还有l999年6月的第4题:M:I dont feel like going outWhy dont we just stay home and watch TV instead?W:Come on!you promised to take me out for dinner and to the theatre on my birthday Q:What do we learn from the conversation?15 综上所述“听力短对话”部分将依然遵循以
17、往的考试规律和特点,一脉相承,但所谓的短对话却越来越长,这也体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。16 四级听力对话常考习语四级听力对话常考习语lose his cool失去冷静cool off冷静;天气变冷play it cool冷静不介意:not at all,not a bitlittle,not in the slightest,not in the least 不愿让人做某事:make sb uncomfortable to do sth对人宽容go easy on sbBe kind to挤时间做某事:get around to do sth,spare
18、afford time to do sth,squeezesteal time to do健忘slip ones mindmemory,have a short memory,forgetful,absent-minded,go in one ear and outthe other快,马上:in no time,by and by,on short notice,right nowawayoff,in a momentminutesecond去哪里,朝哪里去head to,make for,leave for,set out for,be off to,be away to生气be put
19、out with sb,be burned up at sb,get ones back up,raise the roofceiling,get on onesnerve17顺便看望:dropstopcome by(overin)太忙heavybusytight schedule听某人的建议:go byfollowlisten to ones suggestion点也不奇怪:no wonder,little surprise有时,偶而:occasionally,sometimes,every so often,every now and then,every once in a while,
20、at times逐步地:gradually,step by step,bit by bit,little by little,line by line,word by wordcheck out检查,询问;借书;出院;退房-come in handy派上用场,会有用的get over:病全愈;完成作业go through用完;检查;经历过;办手续我认为I suspect,我确认I bet,我估计I expect,我不认为I doubt,我原以为I was hopingI thought,我曾经是I used to be,我本应该1 was supposed toon ones way马上出发;
21、on the way已经在路上pick up取东西;接人;买东西18 四级听力对话常考句型四级听力对话常考句型asasas healthy as horse,as poor as a church mouse,as strong as an ox,as like as peas(长得像),apples and oranges(大不相同),as punctual as a church clock,as sly as a fox,as light as feather,as hungry as a wolf be the last thing+定从,最不希望的,最不需要的,最不愿意的。hasnt
22、 he,isnt it+everthough可不是吗!(很同意)only要是就好了,答案的标志是虚拟语气和wish。不辞辛苦做某事go out of ones way to do;take great trouble to do sth;go extra miles to do sth对我都一样:It makes no difference to me;Does it make any difference;What difference does itmake:Its all the same to me19感觉如何:What do you think of sth?How do you l
23、ike sth?How do you find sth?How do you feel about sth?Would you like,A or B?Do you feel like sth?Are you in a mood for anything?提醒:I dont think youll do,1 was wondering if you will do sth我本想做某事(但没做)I meant to doshould have givenWas supposed to do sthI have been meaning to赞同:You betSure thingAnd howI
24、snt it thougheverGo aheadBy all means责备:When will you ever do sth?Why didnt you怎么了?Whats upmatterwrong with sb?how have you been?How are you coming alongdoing?Whats new with you?201、数字与时间型(Calculation and Time)这类对话常涉及年龄、价值、里程、门牌、频率、数量、电话号码、时间以及数字的简单运算等,在听的过程中最好做笔记。还要计算。常见的提问方式有:”What time?”“How many
25、?”“How much?”How many?”注意:teen and-ty的区别。注意时间以及数字的读音。8800042,$40,1:58,1,572,000,3/5,5.49,1997,2007。21 2、地点与场所型、地点与场所型(Places and Locations)问及地点与场所的考题在短对话中出现率最问及地点与场所的考题在短对话中出现率最高,本文总结了出现率最高的高,本文总结了出现率最高的14种,考生可种,考生可根据相关词汇判断讲话者所处地点和场所。根据相关词汇判断讲话者所处地点和场所。常见的提问方式有:常见的提问方式有:Wheretake place?Where islocat
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