大学英译汉散文翻译演讲分解课件.ppt
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1、何谓散文?散文(prose;essay)是与诗歌、小说、戏剧并称的一种文学体裁,指不讲究韵律的散体文章,包括杂文、随笔、游记等。是最自由的文体,不讲究音韵,不讲究排比,没有任何的束缚及限制,也是中国最早出现的行文体例。通常一篇散文具有一个或多个中心思想。写真实的“我”是散文的核心特征和生命所在。散文的分类散文的分类 散文主要分为叙事性散文,抒情性散文,议论性散文记叙性散文落花生 从百草园到三味书屋藤野先生 抒情性散文朱自清的荷塘月色刘白羽的日出 矛盾的白杨礼赞 议论性散文陶铸的松树的风格散文主要特点 形散而神不散形散而神不散“形散”主要是说散文取材十分广泛自由,不受时间和空间的限制;表现手法不
2、拘一格 意境深邃意境深邃 意境深邃,注重表现作者的生活感受,抒情性强,情感真挚。语言优美凝练,富于文采语言优美凝练,富于文采 力求写景如在眼前,写情沁人心脾。散文语言一般以口语为基础,而文语(包括散文语言一般以口语为基础,而文语(包括古语和欧化语)为点缀古语和欧化语)为点缀 好的散文文风清新自然,优美洗练,句式长短相间,随物赋形,如多用修辞特别是比喻,如讲音调、节奏、旋律的音乐美等。因此,在英汉散文翻译中须注意实现散文因此,在英汉散文翻译中须注意实现散文的的美感功能美感功能和和表情功能表情功能。散文美感功能的实现1.在语言上的实现 词汇方面 句子层面1.在意象方面的实现散文美感功能在语言上的实
3、现1.词汇方面(1)语义清晰 意义的传达是翻译最基本的功能。译者在进 行散文翻译时必须从整体上把握原文,在充分掌握原语信息的基础上,再用译语准确流畅的加以表达,将美感完整的再现于译文中。例:Between two tall gate-posts(门柱)of rough-hewn(hew砍劈)stone(the gate itself having fallen from its hinges at some unknown epoch)we beheld the gary front of the old parsonage(教区牧师的住所)terminating(terminate,停止结束
4、)vista(景色,景观)of an avenue of black ash-trees.It was now a twelvemouth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergymen,its last inhabitant,had turned from that gateway towards the village burrying-ground.The wheel-track leading to the door,as well as the whole breadth of the avenue,was almost
5、 overgrown by grass,affording dainty(娇小的娇美的)mouthfuls to two or three vagrant crows(乌鸦)and old white horse who had his own living to pick up along the roadside.译文一条大路,两旁白蜡树成林,路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰色门面。路口园门的门拱不知在哪一年掉下来了,可是两座粗石雕成的门柱还巍然矗立着。旧宅的故主是位德高望重的牧师,现已不在人世,一年前,他的灵柩从园门里迁出,移向村中的公墓,也有不少人执绋随行。园门里的林荫大路和宅门前的马车道,
6、杂草蔓生,偶尔有两三只乌鸦飞来,随意啄食,在路旁密室的那头老白马,也可以在这里吃到几口可口的美餐。夏济安(2)词汇丰富 例1:Books of voyages and travels became my passion,and in devouring their contents I neglected the regular exercises of the school.译文1:我最爱读的书是游记旅游之类,废寝忘食读这种闲书,把学校里的正课练习都给耽误了。译文2:描写海与陆的游记成了我的酷嗜,寝馈其中,致废学业。(3)虚词的使用例1:My native country was full
7、of youthful promise.Europe was rich in the accumulated treasures of age.Every ruin told the history of times gone by and every moldering stone was a chronicle.译文:我的本国充满着青年的远大前程;欧洲却蕴蓄着世代聚集的珍奇宝藏。就连那里的遗址废墟也尽是过去历史的记载,每块残砖烂石都是一部史册。例2:They perfect nature,and are perfected by experience:for natural abiliti
8、es are like natural plants that need proying(pruning),by study;and studies themselves,do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.译文:读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接,而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。(4)四字结构例:The long slender bars of cloud float like fishes in the
9、 sea of crimason light.译文1:条条纤云在绛色霞光中飘扬,如海中游鱼般。译文2:那里万道霞光,宛如无数锦鳞,正浮沉翔游于金光熠耀的猩红海洋。例2:Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.Nobody grows old merely by a number of yea
10、rs.We grow old by deserting our ideals.译文:青春气贯长虹,勇锐盖过怯懦,进取压倒苟安。如此锐气,二十后生而有之,六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加,并非垂老,理想丢弃,方堕暮年。2.句子层面(1)行云流畅例1:I guess I remembered clearest of all the early mornings,when the lake was cool and motionless,remembered how the bedroom smelled of the lumber it was made of and of the wet woods
11、whose scent entered through the screen.译文:我想我记得最清楚的是那些爽朗的清晨,清凉的湖水,平静的湖面,卧室里弥漫着木屋的清香,屋子外面,湿润的树林散发的芳香穿透房间的墙板,依稀可嗅。例2:The glimmering shadows that lay half asleep between the door of the house and the public highway were a kind of spiritual medium,seen through which edifice had not quite the spect of be
12、longing to the materical world.译文:宅门和公路之间,都是隐约朦胧的树影,似乎人鬼异世,这座旧宅也不属于这个世界的了。(2)适合汉语散文语体例1:Between two tall gate-posts of rough-hewn stone we beheld the gray front of the parsonage terminating vista of an avenue of black ash-trees.译文:一条大路,两旁白蜡树成林,路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅的灰色门面。(整体构建方法的有效性-夏济安)例2:Whether 60 or 16,the
13、re is in every human beings heart the lure of wonder,the unfailing childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game of living.译文:无论年届花甲,抑或二八芳龄,心中皆有生命之欢乐,好奇之冲动,孩童般天真久盛不衰。(3)巧妙安排句式例1:I made myself familiar with all this places famous in history or fable.I know every spot where a murder or rabb
14、ery had been committed or a ghost seen.I visited the neighouring villages and added greatly to my stock of knowledge by noting their habits and customs and conversing with their sages and great men.I even journeyed one long-summers day to the summit of the most distant hill from whencce I stretched
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